• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.93-99
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• 2012

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to compare the alkali-silica reactivity for mortar bar and concrete prism specimens using crushed aggregates of 5 types in Korea. And the alkali-silica reactivity for those aggregates are measured by chemical test method. METHODS: The alkali-silica reactivity for those aggregates was measured by chemical test method of KS F 2545, mortar-bar test of KS F 2546, accelerated mortar-bar test method of ASTM C 1260 and concrete prism test method of ASTM C 1293, relatively. RESULTS: The alkali-silica reactivity for those aggregates was verified by chemical test of KS F 2546 and accelerated mortar-bar test of ASTM C 1260. However, it was not by mortar-bar test of KS F 2546 and concrete prism test of ASTM C 1293. CONCLUSIONS: The above results showed that relationship among the four test methods were very low. The results from 3 types of test methods using cement-aggregate combinations appeared to be different. Because the environmental conditions of test methods for measuring the alkali-silica reactivity such as equivalent alkali content(external source), humidity, temperature, and times were different though the aggregates were same. Moreover, alkali-silica reactivity showed the biggest impact when alkalis were supplied form outside and exposed to environmental conditions. The accelerated mortar-bar test method seems to be most appropriate test method for concrete structures exposed to alkali environment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for proper pain management. Method: Data were collected from 85 hospitalized patients with cancer pain. A retrospective chart review of level of pain, source of pain, verbal expression of pain, and pain management was done. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program. Results: The level of pain measured by NRS at the three time points was as follows Time 1 ($4.40{\pm}2.25$), Time 2 ($0.61{\pm}1.30$), Time 3 ($2.47{\pm}2.75$). The kinds of pain were somatic pain (51.8%), visceral pain (37.6%), neuropathic pain (12.9%). The analgesic amount measured by OME (oral morphine equivalent) was as follows: Time 1 ($70.85{\pm}69.65$), Time 2 ($91.61{\pm}89.20$), Time 3 ($96.71{\pm}94.25$). Degree of pain had significant differences according to type of cancer (F=-3.286, p= .002), cancer origin (F=2.906, p= .018), and metastasis (F=2.906, p= .018) at Time 2. Best control period had significant difference according to type of cancer (F=2.373, p= .023), and origin of cancer (F=2.466, p= .040) at Time 2 Conclusion: These finding will enable the application of nursing interventions for pain control in cancer patients, identification of kinds of nursing compared to priorities, and increased levels of comfort in cancer patients in clinical settings.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.413-420
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• 2013

Effect of inherent volatile matters in fuels on electrochemical reactions of anode was investigated for a single direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC). Raw coals used as power source in the DCFC release light gases into the atmosphere under the operating temperature of DCFC ($700^{\circ}C$) by thermal decomposition and only char remained. These exhausted gases change the gas composition around anode and affect the electrochemical oxidation reaction of system. To investigate the effect of produced gases, comparative study was conducted between Indonesian sub-bituminous coal and its char obtained through thermal treatment, carbonizing. Maximum power density of raw coal ($52mW/cm^2$) was appeared higher than that of char ($37mW/cm^2$) because the gases produced from the raw coal during thermal decomposition gave additional positive results to electrochemical reaction of the system. The produced gases from coals were analyzed using TGA and FT-IR. The influence of volatile matters on anodic electrolyteelectrode interface was observed by the equivalent circuit induced from fitting of impedance spectroscopy data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2011

In the development of high-speed trains, ride comfort is an important factor that determines the quality of the train. In this study, the ride comforts of high-speed trains with rigid and flexible car bodies were evaluated. The rail irregularity is used as an exciting source of the car-body bounce motion. The complex extruded structures of the car-body are modeled as shell structures using the calculated equivalent stiffness of the flexible model. The numerical results show that the ride of the rigid-body model improves as the speed increases, which is unreasonable. In contrast, the relationship between ride comfort and speed in the case of flexible-body model is reasonable. Thus, it is confirmed that the flexibility of the car body needs to be taken into consideration while fabricating a high-speed train.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3559-3567
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• 2016

Background: In recent years, there has been considerable research on recycling of agro-industrial waste for production of bioactive compounds. The food processing industry produces large amounts of citrus peels that may be an inexpensive source of useful agents. Objective: The present work aimed to explore the phytochemical content, antioxidant, anticancer, antiproliferation, and antigenotxic activities of lemon, grapefruit, and mandarin peels. Materials and Methods: Peels were extracted using 98% ethanol and the three crude extracts were assessed for their total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Their cytotoxic and mitogenic proliferation activities were also studied in human leukemia HL-60 cells and mouse splenocytes by CCK-8 assay. In addition, genotoxic/antigenotoxic activity was explored in mouse splenocytes using chromosomal aberrations (CAs) assay. Results: Lemon peels had the highest of TPC followed by grapefruit and mandarin. In contrast, mandarin peels contained the highest of TFC followed by lemon and grapefruit peels. Among the extracts, lemon peel possessed the strongest antioxidant activity as indicated by the highest DPPH radical scavenging, the lowest effective concentration 50% ($EC_{50}=42.97{\mu}g\;extract/mL$), and the highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC=0.157). Mandarin peel exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity ($IC_{50}=77.8{\mu}g/mL$) against HL-60 cells, whereas grapefruit and lemon peels were ineffective anti-leukemia. Further, citrus peels possessed immunostimulation activity via augmentation of proliferation of mouse splenocytes (T-lymphocytes). Citrus extracts exerted non-cytotoxic, and antigenotoxic activities through remarkable reduction of CAs induced by cisplatin in mouse splenocytes for 24 h. Conclusions: The phytochemical constituents of the citrus peels may exert biological activities including anticancer, immunostimulation and antigenotoxic potential.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2007

Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in marine sediments from Mokpo coastal water of Korea. Total and toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 19.4 to 175pg/g dry weight and ranged from 0.195 to 2.87 pg WHO-TEQ/g dry weight, respectively. These PCDD/F concentrations were below the safety sediment value (20 pg TEQ/g dry weight) of chronic toxicity. A highly significant correlation between the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and total organic carbon (TOC) in marine sediments was observed. Overall PCDD/F concentrations in the sediments were elevated in rivers and at inner locations close to harbors, indicating that these contaminants derived from local discharges of human activities. PCDD/F concentrations measured in our study were lower than those in several industrialized areas in Korea. Nonparametric multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordination showed that combustion processes from industrial complexes are the major source of PCDD/Fs in Mokpo coastal water.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 1996

For the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)(P(3HB-co-3HV)) from butyric acid and valeric acid, 10 strains of bacteria capable of producing P(3HB-co-3HV) were isolated from soil. Among them, the strain HJ-067 showed the best ability of producing P(3HB-co-3HV), and was indentified as a Azotobacter sp. For the production of P(3HB-co-3HV), the optimum concentrations of butyric and valeric acid were 3.0g/l, respectively. The most effective nitrogen source was $(NH_4)_{2}SO_4$ at an optimum concentration of 0.75g/l, which was equivalent to 21.36 in C/N ratio. Deficiency of the cationic metal ions ($Zn^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}$) in the proguction medium had stimulating effect on P(3HB-co-3HV) accumulation, especially in the manganese. deficient medium. The optimum temperature for P(3HB-co-3HV) production was 27$^{\circ}C$ and the optimum initial pH was 7.0. Under the optimum conditions, 1.82g/l of P(3HB-co-3HV) and 3.00g/l of dry biomass were produced after 36 hour cultivation, and the P(3HB-co-3HV) yield and HV% were 60.60% (w/w), 15.92%, respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTTIVES: The purposes of the study were to investigate folate intakes and plasma folate concentrations as well as estimate folate status in Korean healthy adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 254 healthy 19- to 64-year-old adults (68 men and 186 women) living in Seoul metropolitan area, Gumi, and Kwangju, Korea participated. Three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls, information on folate supplementation, and fasting blood samples were collected from the subjects. RESULTS: The mean dietary folate intakes were 587.4 and $499.2{\mu}g$ dietary folate equivalent (DFE)/day for men and women, respectively. The median dietary intakes of men and women were 566.6 and $474.6{\mu}g\;DFE/day$, respectively. Forty subjects (16.7% of total) less total folate than the estimated average requirement (EAR). Folate intakes of 23.3% of men and 34.8% of women aged 19-29 years did not meet the EAR for folate. Major food sources consumed for dietary folate were baechukimchi (Chinese cabbage kimchi), rice, spinach, eggs, and laver, which provided 44% of dietary folate intake for the subjects. Plasma folate concentrations were 23.4 nmol/L for men and 28.3 nmol/L for women, and this level was significantly lower in men than in women. Approximately 13% of men and 3% of women were folate-deficient, and the percentages of subjects showing folate concentrations lower than 10 nmol/L were 27.9% of men and 6.4% of women. CONCLUSIONS: Folate intakes of Korean adults in this study were generally adequate. However, one-third of young adults had inadequate folate intakes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.726-728
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• 2013

Optoelectronic arc discharge sensor was used to detect arc discharge inside power distribution panel. Arc discharge is fatal to power system once it begins, thus preventive detection is necessary before power failure occurs. Optoelectronic detection method was used to avoid direct electrical contact to power apparatus inside power distribution panel. 180 degree detection angle and detection range far exceeding 6m, which was sufficient for monitoring purpose, was achieved using the photodiode having $7.5mm^2$ of active surface area and flash source with $0.4cal/cm^2$ energy density, which is equivalent to 1.9J with $2.16cm^2$ emitting area. The response speed of arc discharge sensor was measured to be below 1 msec. The above optoelectronic arc discharge sensor was measured to be sensitive enough to detect 0.94 pC charge.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to examine how plant terpenoids, as natural growth substrates or inducers, would affect the biodegradation of PCB congeners. Various PCB degraders that could grow on biphenyl and several terpenoids were tested for their PCB degradation capabilities. Degradation activities of the PCB congeners, 4,4-dichlorobiphenyl (4,4-DCBp) and 2,2-dichlorobiphenyl (2,2-DCBp), were initially monitored through a resting cell assay technique that could detect their degradation products. The PCB degraders, Pseudomonas ((S)-(-) limonene, p-cymene and $\alpha$-terpinene) whereas Arthrobacter sp. B1B could not grow on the terpenoids as a sole carbon source. The B1B strain grown on biphenyl exhibited good degradation activity for 4,4-DCBp and 2,2-DCBp, while the activity of strains P166 and T104 was about 25% that of the B1B strain, respectively. Concomitant GC analysis, however, demonstrated that strain T104, grown on (S)-(-) limonene, p-cymene and $\alpha$-terpinene, could degrade 4,4-DCBp up to 30%, equivalent to 50% of the biphenyl induction level. Moreover, strain T104 grown on (S)-(-) limonene, could also degrade 2,2-DCBp up to 30%. This indicates that terpenoids, widely distributed in nature, could be utilized as both growth and/or inducer substrate(s) for PCB biodegradation in the environment.