• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.1
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• pp.125-146
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• 1989

This paper is examine the problems of U.S.-Korea Air Service Agreement and recommend some directions for its improvement under the rapidly changing circumstance and growing importance of Korean penisula. Since the provisional agreement of 1949, U.S. -Korea Air Service Agreement has consistently been favorable to U.S. side. Fair and equal opportunity is the principle and basis of the bilateral air agreement. Notwithstanding such principle, it is only the U.S. carriers who can freely enter into any market, under the discretion of business strategy, while Korean carrier can serve only three points including Honolulu. In an effort to recitify such serious imbalance, Korea continuousely requested additional rights and has given utmost efforts to accommodate requests made by U.S. carries without much success. When we review aviation market between Korea and U.S. under the present agreement, Korea is fully open to U.S. carries as they can connect from any or all points in the U.S. via any or all points in Korea and all points beyond Korea. Increased number of U.S. carriers are enjoying greater utilization of the opportunity accorded them. Four(4) U.S. carries now operate to Korea using thirteen(13) gateway points and about one hundred fifty(150) on-line points in the U.S. such imbalance can be well understood when we review the exchange of traffic rights between the U.S. and the Pacific rim countries. During the yeras following the 1978 agreement with Korea, the U.S. proceeded to sign liberal agreements with Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore and the Phillipines. In exchange, the U.S. granted the four Pacific rim countries substantially greater rights than were granted to Korea, although Korea was the first Asian nation to sign a pro-competitive aviation agreement which granted U.S. carriers unrestricted market access and pricing flexibility. Moreover, Korea ranks the 2nd trading and tourist partner to the U.S. among the Pacific rim countries (Japan is the largest partner to the U.S. in terms of both trade and tourist market). In this paper such problems in the Korea-U.S. Air Services Agreement are analyzed in terms of historical perspective, U.S. Aviation policy, imbalance status in detail cases, discrimination to Korea comparing to other Asian countries, and theoretical application. And further it discusses current aviation issues between Korea and U.S. such as the ratification of 1980 MOU and various doing business issues of U.S. carriers in Korea. Finally, this paper concludes the analysis and suggests some directions to improve and rectify the problems and imbalance of U.S.-Korea Air Services Agreement in question.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.453-477
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• 2013

The intent of this study is to fully investigate the major issues and challenges related to characteristics of gifted children from multicultural families in Korea. The gifted students of multicultural families are currently categorized as disadvantaged gifted students, but they need to be defined more deeply and separately due to the continuous increase of multicultural families. Most culturally different gifted children have common problem such as integrating into Korean culture, often suffering from emotional problems and their parents' economic disadvantage. Due to these problems a variety of issues arise. First, culturally diverse talented students have problems due to the alienation and the lack of equal opportunity given to gifted children of multicultural families in need. Secondly, another issue is whether or not the selection of these students for a gifted and talented program is administered equally and fairly. Thirdly students and teachers may have difficulty forming relationships. Fourth, there is a dire need to address the issue of a lack of formal education policy. for these students. Fifth, the formulation of a gifted and talented program solely for multicultural students is necessary. Sixth, educating the parents of such students remains a critical challenge. Seventh, the last issue arises from a lack of research regarding the identity of multicultural gifted children in Korea. In this study, we discuss each of these issues in-depth. Additionally the future of Korean Multicultural Gifted selection, training in the field, school direction and it's implications are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.41-53
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• 1999

The rate of automobile ownerships has been increased significantly in multi-family housing sites so that government has made new parking regulations increasing the rate of parking supply by the high demand of parking lots in multi-family housing sites. However, the new regulation of parking supply has several problems that it applies to only new multi-family housing sites and disregards to the locational distinctions around the sites. It also has reduced to the open spaces in the sites and increased the price of housing units especially to the small size units of multi-family housing sites by increasing the number of underground parking lots. Furthermore, the residents have not been equal opportunity to access their parking lots even though they have been charged to equal amount of financial burden for the construction of underground parking lots. This research aims to relieve above problems by analysing parking supply and demand management strategies both domestic and foreign countries, and suggest to new parking management system for multi-family housing sites in 21st Centuries. This research reveals that most of multi-family housing sites want to be applied 1) diverse parking supply regulations considering the locational distinctions of sites, 2) parking lot ownership programs, 3) charging parking fees to second vehicles, 4) increasing parking lots both in the sites and around the sites, 5) enforcing police power to the parking violation vehicles to their sites. Especially, the multi-family housing sites consisting of small & medium size of units and locating in small & medium size of cites strongly want to be accepted new Parking regulations considered their locational and social distinctions and applied police power to the parking violation vehicles in their sites compared to the other multi-family housing sites.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.187-204
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• 2010

This study shows evaluation of how much OASIS meets "the korean web content accessibility guidelines" and analysis of some of the accessibility problems and their solutions in OASIS(Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System) which is the only web site that offers papers and project information related to Traditional Medicine in Korea. The evaluation criteria to determine if OASIS is accessible is classified into four sub items; Perceivable - if information and user interface components is presentable to users in ways they can perceive, Operable - if user interface components and navigation are operable, Understandable - if information and the operation of user interface are understandable, Robust - if content is robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies. Based on the measured results, OASIS has just been redesigned and implemented in more accessible and effective way. OASIS that improves web accessibility for the disabled is expected to help them study oriental medicine more easily and conveniently by providing equal access and equal opportunity to use the web.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.155-162
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• 2003

The comparative study of the administration policy that the government and the local self-governing body have enforced to a handicapped child and the family, was made in South Korea and Japan. As data, I utilized brochures distributed to a handicapped child's guardian in the government publication, health center, and hospital of both countries and the homepage that each organization manages. With the investigation of (1) the handicapped child's present condition, population and entering-school situation, (2) the organization which can consult about a juvenile entering-school problem, (3) the public service with which the parents of handicapped child, or a handicapped child are provided and (4) the feedback surveys of (3)’s services, the followings were proved. In (1), the handicapped child's population and their school attendance are not be specified by the South Korea side. In (2), a private consultation organization is mainly opened and be hard to say that use is simple from the little of a kind. In (3), there is almost nothing than rehabilitation education as the administration policy, which is universally held for the handicapped child. Besides they cannot receive freely the education. In (4), it became clear not to carry out. The improvement from the direction of both hard and soft aspects - the institution of basic education for the handicapped child who lives in all areas and the equal opportunity to all children - is called for urgently.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2004

This paper describes an experiment of concrete and specific group work learning system based on the traditional Jigsaw group work learning model. Jigsaw model has two groups of students such as random group and expert group so that a course can make progress on explaining and lecturing all members of class after each student can be a member of expert group of course topic. We design and implement Web-based training system to support collaboration and Interaction among students of a course based on Jigsaw model The Web- based learning system makes each group going up to the expert level of a course subject by supporting various study menu and provides equal opportunity of improving social abilities such as leadership, communication skill, trust, and trouble-settling by taking part in collaboration activities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

This study aimed to suggest the tasks to develop the Inclusive Education Model for Remote Islands by analyzing the characteristics of special needs education in remote islands of Okinawa, Japan and the current states of the implementation of special needs education in them. For these purposes, the survey using the Inclusive Education Assessment Tool (hereafter IEAT) was conducted to evaluate the special needs education system of remote islands of Okinawa and its results were analyzed through t-test. Finally, the tasks to develop the inclusive education model for remote islands by comparing and analyzing the results of this study with the tasks that were proposed in the Outcome Report on the Project to Build Inclusive Education System Model(2016) were suggested as follows: first, the expertise of special needs education should be guaranteed; second, the network among various professionals and organizations needs to be established; third, the awareness of disabilities needs to be promoted; fourth, the independence of students with disabilities needs to be improved; and finally equal opportunity should be guaranteed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1125-1137
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• 2014

This paper studies what affects the private education cost for the elementary, middle, and high school students. It is a big issue now because there can be a problem in the equal opportunity for education if the portion of private education cost is very high in the total education cost. If we spend more time and money on the private education than the school education, it can cause the polarization among the classes and regions. The excessive private education also can deteriorate the school system. we use various regression and classification methods to analyze the cost of private education and find the important variables in the models. we found that large cities spend more money on the private education than small cities. We also found that high school students spend more than middle school students and the elementary students and the household with more income spend more money on the private education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to supply data of resident′s participation direction about children′s playground management. In this study, use disposition and consciousness of resident about management are investigated and analyzed at the 5 children′s playground in Taegu city. The results of this study were as follows: The result of resident′s use disposition showed ; visiting frequency was "everyday or occasionally(53.5% )", and visiting purpose was "for children(47.9 %), for rest, sports, spare time(24.6%)" and visiting time was equal1y except forenoon, and staying time was "within 1 hour(73.1%)". The satisfaction about park facilities and park existence of residents′ is composed importance degree of which is convenient, manyfunction spaces, managemental of tree and facilities in order. 9.3% of residents were proposal experience about management, and concern ratio of circumferenmce showed highly "concerned answer(45.9%)" About consciousness ratio of management subject, 46.5% of residents depended on authorities leading. Wholly, recognition ratio showed low. Park administration of authorities leading and lack of resident′s concern wore thought as its problem. About experience of cleaning beautification rout children′s playground, 14.2% of residents answered "be experience". Participation type of desirous management showed highest "cleaning of fallen leaves and rubbish(22.7% )". So, residents wished to take part in such simple managements. Charge of necessary tool and cost for management showed highest "partial charge of residents (47.9% )". About participant ratio of self government activity made by residents, 75.1% of residents answered "don′t be participated". A reason of nonparticipation showed "insufficiency of place and opportunity (38.7%), deficiency of time(17.97)". Activity of initiative and existing group can be done as a fine device in future. Desirous events for children and residents showed highest "play guidence for children or meeting for aged milan(40.7% )". Therefore, it will have to consider enough about resident′s participation program for activity of use and efficient management of children′s playground.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.14-24
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• 2010

Because WSNs operate with limited resources of sensor nodes, its life is extended by cluster-based routing methods. In this study, we use data on direction, distance, density and residual energy in order to maximize the energy efficiency of cluster-based routing methods. Through this study, we expect to minimize the frequency of isolated nodes when selecting a new cluster head autonomously using information on the direction of the upper cluster head, and to reduce energy consumption by switching sensor nodes, which are included in both of the new cluster and the previous cluster and thus do not need to update information, into the sleep mode and updating information only for newly included sensor nodes at the setup phase using distance data. Furthermore, we enhance overall network efficiency by implementing secure and energy-efficient communication through key management robust against internal and external attacks in cluster-based routing techniques. This study suggests the modified cluster head selection scheme which uses the conserved energy in the steady-state phase by reducing unnecessary communications of unchanged nodes between selected cluster head and previous cluster head in the setup phase, and thus prolongs the network lifetime and provides secure and equal opportunity for being cluster head.