• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 1995

Effects of titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) isolated from the urine of pregnant horse on the proliferation of human epidermal keratinocyte in culture were studied. An increase in the number of keratinocyte was observed with the treatment of TECA at the concentration ranges from 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι to 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι. Effects of low molecular weight EGF (LEGF) and high molecular weight EGF (HEGF) on the proliferation of keratinocyte in culture were also studied. The number of keratinocyte in culture was significantly increased with LEGF and HEGF respectively at the concentration of 10 ng/mι. Simultaneous treatment of the keratinocyte with LEGF, HEGF and TECA led to the increased proliferation of keratinocytes resulting 96% of the effect of a positive control, EGF isolated from mouse submaxillary glands.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2002

Ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine with various therapeutic effects. However, it is still unknown which component of this plant is effective at promoting wound healing. Recently, ginsenoside $Rb_2$ has been reported to improve wound healing. In this study, to investigate the reported wound healing effect of the ginsenoside $Rb_2$, cell morphology and protein factors involved in epidermal formation were evaluated by immunshemical and immunoblotting analysis. $Rb_2$ stimulated epidermal cell proliferation, and the cell showed a 1.5-fold increase in thymidine uptake compared to the control (p<0.05, n=3). Futheremore $Rb_2$, was found to stimulate epidermis formation in a dose-dependent manner in raft culture, and to dose dependently enhance the expressions of protein factors related to cell proliferation, namely, epidermal growth factor and its receptor, fibronectin and its receptor, keratin 5/14, and collagenase 1 (p<0.05, n=3~9). It is believed that ginsenoside $Rb_2$, enhances epidermal cell proliferation by upregulating the expressions of these proliferation-related factors.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.553-561
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• 2019

Rab25, a member of the Rab11 small GTPase family, is central to achieving cellular polarity in epithelial tissues. Rab25 is highly expressed in epithelial cells of various tissues including breast, vagina, cervix, the gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Rab25 plays key roles in tumorigenesis, mainly by regulating epithelial differentiation and proliferation. However, its role in skin physiology is relatively unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Rab25 knock-out (KO) mice show a skin barrier dysfunction with high trans-epidermal water loss and low cutaneous hydration. To examine this observation, we investigated the histology and epidermal differentiation markers of the skin in Rab25 KO mice. Rab25 KO increased cell proliferation at the basal layer of epidermis, whereas the supra-basal layer remained unaffected. Ceramide, which is a critical lipid component for skin barrier function, was not altered by Rab25 KO in its distribution or amount, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Notably, levels of epidermal differentiation markers, including loricrin, involucrin, and keratins (5, 14, 1, and 10) increased prominently in Rab25 KO mice. In line with this, depletion of Rab25 with single hairpin RNA increased the expression of differentiation markers in a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Transcriptomic analysis of the skin revealed increased expression of genes associated with skin development, epidermal development, and keratinocyte differentiation in Rab25 KO mice. Collectively, these results suggested that Rab25 is involved in the regulation of epidermal differentiation and proliferation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.248-253
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• 1989

The effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid and ginseng saponin iron Korean red ginseng on hyperkeratinization of guinea pig skin were investigated by means of enzymatic analysis and light microscopic observation. To induce hyperkeratinization, hexadevance It was topically applied to the dorsal skin of female guinea Pigs every other day for eight days and 13-cis- retinoic acid or ginseng saponin solution was administered orally or topically applied daily during the experimental period. As a result, both topical application of ginseng saponin and oral administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid showed prepentive effects on hyperkeratinization while topical application of 13-cis-retinoic acid inhibited normal epidermal cell proliferation and reduced epidermal enzyme activities such as LDH. ICD and GSPDH below the levels in a normal epidermis. It is suggested that topical application of ginseng saponin and oral administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid may have beneficial efforts against hyperkeratinization possibly by controlling epidermal proliferation and enzyme activities related to epidermal energy metabolism.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2002

Chlorella is rich in chlorella growth factor (CGF). A review of the literature has described that CGF improves the capability of a Th1-based immunity, anticancer, antioxidant antibacterial activity, growth promotion, wound healing and so on, but has not studied the effect for the metabolism and the proliferation of human skin keratinocyte. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of metabolism and the proliferation of human skin keratinocyte in vitro. CGF was extracted with an autoclaving method which is a modified hot-water extraction method from dried chlorella and conformed by means of absorbance 0.22 at 260 nm. We have measured the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of the CGF by Cytosensor$^{\circledR}$ Microphysiometer and evaluated responsiveness depending upon the dosage on the HaCaT cell. The ECAR for the concentrations of 0.15, 1.5, 15, 150 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of CGF increased as a 103.6, 128.2, 149.0 and 423.9%, respectively compared to control (0.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 100% ECAR). The ECAR for ErbBl tyrosine kinase inhibited by 4-anilinoquinazolines, $C_{16}$H$_{14}$BrN$_3$O$_2$.HCl on tile HaCaT cells with the amounts of 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of the CCF compared with 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of rhEGF. The conclusion of the study is that CGF might increase human epidermal keratinocyte proliferation through the interaction between the epidermal growth factor receptor and itself.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.841-858
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• 1996

Epidermal growth factor(EGF) is one of polypeptide growth factors. EGF has been reported as a biological mediator which regulates activities of wound healing process including the cell proliferation, migration and metabolism. The purposes of this study is to evaluate the effects of EGF on the human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblast cells that promote regeneration of periodntal tissue. The mitogenic effects of epidermal growth factor on human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated by determining the incorporation of 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine into DNA of the cells in a dose dependent manner. The prepared cells were the primary cultured gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells from humans, the fourth or sixth subpassages were used in the experiments. Cells were seeded in DMEM containing 10% FBS. 1, 10, 50, 100, $200{\eta}g/ml$ and epidermal growth factor were added to the quiescent cells for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. They were labeled with $10\{mu}l/200{\mu}l$ 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine for the last 6 hours of each culture. The results of the five determinants were presented as mean and S.D.. The results were as follows : The DNA synthetic activity of human gingival fibroblasts were increased dose dependently by epidermal growth factor at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. The mitogenic effects were similar at the 24 and 48 hours of epidermal growth factor, but the DNA synthetic activity of human gingival fibroblasts generally decreased at 72 hours. The DNA synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells were increased dose dependently by epidermal growth factor at 24 hours but the DNA synthetic activity decreased at $200{\eta}g/ml$ of each hour. Generally the maximum mitogenic effects were observed at the 48 hours application of epidermal growth factor. The DNA synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells generally decreased lower at 24, 72 hours than at 48 hours the application of epidermal growth factor. In the comparison of DNA synthetic activity between human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligament cells, human periodontal ligament cells had slightly higher proliferation activity than human gingival fibroblasts for a longer time at the high dosage of the epidermal growth factor. In conclusion, epidermal growth factor have important roles in the stimulation of DNA synthesis in human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts, and thus may be useful for clinical applications in periodontal regenerative procedures.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.649-652
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• 2003

Polymeric nanoparticles composed of polystyrene (PS) as core and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) as corona were prepared by the dispersion copolymerization. The potential of the nanoparticles as carriers for recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF) was investigated. The nanoparticles showed monodispersity and good water-dispersibility. The loading content of EGF to the nanoparticles was very high due to electrostatic interaction between EGF and nanoparticles. EGF was released as a pseudo-zero order pattern after initial burst effect. The nanoparticles were sufficient for A431 cells proliferation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 2009

${\beta}ig$-h3, is a TGF-${\beta}$-induced gene product, extracellular matrix protein with 68 kDa MW(683 amino acids) and has been known for its possible roles in cell adhesion, spreading, migration and proliferation. To minimize a proteolytic degradation of ${\beta}ig$-h3, ${\beta}ig$-h3 incorporated chitosan sponge was prepared and its effects on fibroblast adhesion and migration were investigated. And its wound healing efficacy was evaluated in deep 2nd degree burn rabbit ear wound model. ${\beta}ig$-h3 enhanced fibroblast adhesion and proliferation. In histological observation, a significant over-proliferation of epidermal regeneration was observed in ${\beta}ig$-h3/chitosan dressing applied wound while epidermal regeneration was not proceeded yet in chitosan only treated wound. ${\beta}ig$-h3/sponge dressing could enhance epidermal regeneration.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2015

We examined cell regeneration efficiency of brown marine algae living in Jeju coast for search of a novel therapeutic device with cutaneous wound healing materials. The five algae were collected and compared with epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a positive control in the assays of cell proliferation and cell migration of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Among the 80% methanol extracts of these brown algae, the two algal extracts from Ishige foliacea and Colpomenia bullosa showed the proliferative effects of the cells similar to the effect of EGF. Besides it was found that Colpomenia bullosa extract significantly enhanced cell migration of NIH3T3 cell. In the study, therefore, we confirmed that the Colpomenia bullosa extract improved proliferation of NIH3T3 cell and a potential candidate for cultaneous wound healing.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 1999

The induction of proliferation of adult rat islets was investigated under various culture conditions. The islets were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats and subsequently embedded in collagen gels, which mimic the in vivo three-dimensional surroundings. During the culture period, the effects of heterologous serum (fetal bovine serum, FBS), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and retinoic acid (RA) on islet growth were examined with respect to the morphological and total DNA content changes. To investigate these changes at the cellular level, whole mount immunocytochemistry using specific antibodies for insulin and glucagon was performed. The results showed that (i) collagen gels as an extracellular matrix can maintain islets in a similar way to that in vivo, (ii) heterologous serum (FBS) had stimulatory effects on islet proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, (iii) RA had inhibitory effects on islet proliferation induced by the serum in a dose-dependent manner, (iv) EGF had weak inhibitory effects on islet proliferation induced by the serum except at the concentration of 10 nM where its effect was not significant, and (v) whole mount immunocytochemistry revealed that newly proliferated islet cells were mainly $\beta$-and $\alpha$-cells.