• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.445-450
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• 2004

A railway station is a place where the railway operator concretize his marketing policy to meet the internal and external changes of a railway. Hence the analysis on the railway stations could give some useful information on the conditions which influence the shape of railway station. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of Japanese railway stations. This study shows that the influencing factors on the shape of Japanese railway stations are as follows: invitation of investment from outside the japanese railway, necessity to define measures against the cut off the urban fabric by the railway facilities, profitability of the railway operator by the creation of subsidiary business, integration of administrative or public function into the station building. And the future of Japanese railway stations is now preparing by the policies on the accessibility and commodity of users and by the research projects on the environmental quality, user satisfaction.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2024

Saudi Arabia is transitioning from its traditional oil-dependent economy to become a leader in the hydrogen industry. This paper explores the kingdom's strategic investments in hydrogen production and infrastructure as key components of its energy diversification and sustainability efforts. The focus is on enhancing green hydrogen production to meet domestic needs and strengthen its position in the global market. The urgency of diversifying energy sources is emphasized, with projects like the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project illustrating Saudi Arabia's commitment to renewable energy integration. These initiatives are positioned to centralize Saudi Arabia in the global shift toward sustainable energy, signaling a significant pivot in its economic and environmental policies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Purpose - As economic activities between different countries have rapidly spread in a world of free trade, it is inevitable that a large volume of cargo will be carried between countries. It is natural, then, that CO2 emissions and other environmental pollutions have followed, which exposes people and society to serious environmental problems and social costs, and so on. Therefore, the need to understand logistics is not only a matter of transportation but also an environmentally oriented matter. The purpose of this study is to look at some lessons and implications from the European case in terms of green logistics matters. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to look into this matter, first, it has to be established that some cargo transport volumes using different transportation modes have clearly declined because of previous economic recessions. Some transport policies produced by the European Union (EU) are based in a long history of struggling to cope with transport matters in European countries. In its recent transport policies, the EU has provided greener transportation alternatives, realizing that pollution matters affect the European transport market. This study tries to determine what policies the EU has implemented to deal with green logistics matters. This study concentrates in particular on the Marco Polo program in the EU. Results - This study found that the EU seems to consider these kinds of matters, that is, transport and the environment in the context of green logistics. The EU launched some policy instruments to solve this matter relatively earlier than other countries and reviewed them as necessary. In order to make these policy tools work, the EU provided PACT for combined transport, and then the Marco Polo I and II European transport white paper packages. These European policies deal with green logistics matters in two ways. First, some restrictions have been imposed, especially taxation, and so on. Transport subsidies are also powerful means of handling green logistics matters in Europe. Along with these two means of dealing with transport and the environment, the EU eventually targeted integration of different transport modes. Instead of employing only a single transport instrument mode to deliver the cargo to be carried, such as trucking, rail, ocean-going carrier, flight, or inland waterway transport, the EU has proposed that combining transport modes is the best alternative for transport and the environment. That is, the EU is pursuing the adoption of multimodalism as an answer to the green logistics challenge as it provides a more cost efficient and more productive means of transport. Conclusions - In conclusion, multimodal transport should be considered when applying green logistics, as it can provide an alternative way to achieve transport and environmental solutions together at the present time. Two methods can be used to encourage multimodal transport: restrictions and subsidies. These are the lessons and implications from European green logistics policies.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2006

Government uses some sections of intended areas of abolition in Development Restricted Zones(DRZ) to construct a million national rental houses. It has been opposed by environmental NGOs, local governments and land owners. Therefore, government carried out a questionnaire survey to make plans for the better development of housing estates for national rental houses in DRZ. The results of the survey are as follows: First, using abolished DRZ has to be kept to a minimum, though the continued construction of this kind of houses is inevitable. Second, it has to be designed using pro-environmental techniques. Third, the discussion between the interested groups was not enough. Fourth, residents were dissatisfied with the compensation package. The policies based on this research, are as follows: First, meetings for projects presentation and public hearings have to be held on a regular basis. In addition, the consultative council with residents, local NGOs, and local governments should be combined. Second, The plan should promote social integration through the mixing of rental and owner-occupied houses. Third, a compensation policy, which offers land or houses, and not only cash, needs to be introduced.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.2969-2974
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• 2020

Looking at the recent studies, nuclear energy and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions nexus shows inconclusive result. To further explain nuclear energy-pollution nexuses this study is an attempt to analyze the impact of nuclear energy on pollution reduction for BRICS countries covering data for the period from 1993 to 2017. This study conducts advanced panel techniques such as Continuously-Updated Fully-Modified (CUP-FM) and Continuously-Updated Bias-Corrected (CUP-BC) for long run estimation. Our results support the notion that nuclear energy reduce CO₂ emissions. Also, renewable energy corrects environmental pollution in BRICS countries. The magnitude of the coefficient of nuclear energy is less as compared to renewable energy, implying that nuclear is less effective in reducing environmental pollution. The findings offer significant policy understandings and suggestions not only for BRICS economies but for developing countries as well in designing suitable nuclear energy-growth-carbon policies.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-29
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• 2004

As a result of very limited access due to the military confrontation between South and North Koreas for the last five decades, ecosystems in the transboundary coastal area in the western part of Korean Peninsula have been protected from intensive developments in both Koreas. In the core of the recent two military collisions lies the fishery resources represented as blue crabs as well as the politico-military aspect. Increasing development pressures from both sides as reflected in the South Korea supporting the construction of an industrial complex in Kaesung, North Korea, is the main factor which threatens the sustainable resource base in this region. This research is aimed to develop a cooperative management system for the well-preserved transboundary coastal area between South Korea and North Korea. The Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework of OECD was used to assess environmental conditions, socioeconomic pressures on the environment of the region, and policy responses of both Koreas to those pressures. Protection of ecosystems, peace settlement, and prosperity of the region and the entire peninsula were proposed as the management goals of the cooperative management system. The designation of the area as a Co-managed Marine Protected Area System (COMPAS) through close cooperation among South Korea, North Korea, and international entities was suggested as a way to achieve those goals. Revision of legal and institutional mechanisms, strengthening knowledge base for optimal COMPAS management, integration of the marine protected area and DMZ (demilitarized zone) ecosystem, enhancing stakeholder participation, building international partnership, and securing financial resources were presented as six management strategies.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.55-67
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• 2021

Global warming affects critical natural resources, one of which is the oceans that occupy 70% of the total cover of the earth. In other words, ocean warming is a subset of global warming which needs to be addressed urgently. Purple laver (pyropia spp.) is one of the most vulnerable items to climate change although it is a major export product of Korean fisheries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causality of how climate change caused by global warming affects the increase or decrease of PLP (purple laver production). The target area for analysis was set to Maro-hae between Jindo-gun and Haenam-gun. We selected marine environmental factors and meteorologic factors that could affect PLP as variables, as well as co-integration tests to determine long-term balance, and the Granger causticity tests. As a result, PLP and marine environmental factors WT (water temperature), pH, and DO confirmed that long-term equilibrium relationships were established, respectively. However, there is only causality with WT and it is confirmed that there is only a correlation between pH and DO (dissolved oxygen). There was no long-term equilibrium relationship between PLP and HDD (heating degree days) and there is a causal effect that HDD affects PLP; however, it was less clear than that of WT. The relationship between PLP and RF (rainfall), WS (wind speed), SS (percentage of sunshine), and FF (farm facilities) was all balanced in the long term, and causality exists. Based on the results of the analysis, policy proposals were made.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.65-86
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• 2023

Purpose - As globalization progresses, complexity also increases, and various factors that threaten port functions are emerging. Accordingly, the demand for port security to prevent the crisis and resilience that quickly recovers its original function after the crisis is also increasing in port operations. However, few studies have examined how to ensure the port security and how the resilience affects operation performance of port and sustainability performance as well. So the study aims to find out how port security affects port resilience and port operational performance, and consequently, this two factors affect socioeconomic and environmental sustainability performance respectively and synthetically. Design/methodology - Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was first performed to determine the validity of the factors of model and hypothesis test was performed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analyze the Port Performance Model, which show the perception logic among port security level, port resilience, operation performance, and sustainability performance. In order to empirically analyze this model, total 264 respondents from port security operators, shipping companies in South Korea were surveyed. Findings - As result of SEM, First, port security level positively affected the resilience (H1) and cargo operational performance (H2) but not in both of the sustainability performances (H3, H4). Second, resilience positively affected only cargo operational performance (H5) and socio-economic sustainability performance (H7). Last, cargo operation performance positively affects the both of sustainability performances (H8, H9). Originality/value - It was confirmed that port security could improve cargo operational performance through ensuring port resilience and eventually increase the socio-economic sustainability. Therefore the study implies that careful integration and management of port security, port resilience, and sustainability are required, along with compromise on sustainable development goals in the social, economic, and environmental area among all stakeholders.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.635-645
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to establish a linkage between local forest human resources policies and the analysis of forest resource conditions in Gyeongsangbuk-do. In particular, the study aims to gather insights from students enrolled local formal education institutions through a demand survey and their opinions. These findings would serve as basic data for the formulation of medium- and long-term policies. According to the results of the analysis, all surveyed groups expressed a desire to pursue careers, entrepreneurship, or further school education based on their forestry majors. Among, the most important needs identified for local human resources, receiving training related to field practice and access to information emerged as paramount. In addition, it was observed that educational programs were conducted on weekends and during school vacations, with integration into the school curriculum to ensure participants not only benefit from self-development but also receive administrative support. A notable observation in the survey results was the absence of a network among forest professionals, signifying a key weakness within the forest sector in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The results of this study hold significant value in terms of analyzing and sharing the educational preferences of forest human resources in Gyeongsangbuk-do, thereby serving as basic research data for proposing policies. In the future, by expanding the scope to include case studies and forest human resource preference analyses through cooperation with other local governments and institutions, the research can contribute to the establishment of national-level policies for forest human resources on a broader scale.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.809-850
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• 2012

A linkage of emissions trading schemes among Korea, China and Japan demonstrates overall increase in gross domestic product (GDP). However, it also demonstrates reductions in household consumption, and the impact of integration could be very unbalanced between the countries. In particular, the reductions in domestic marginal costs are high in both Korea and Japan. Therefore, household consumptions in the two countries decrease despite increases in GDP because Korea and Japan will be purchasers of emissions rights. China, on the other hand, will experience the opposite. The unbalanced impacts on real household consumptions are intensified when emission credits are allocated via paid auctions instead of free allocation. This was demonstrated to be the case because the circumstances of three countries are intensified when using a paid emissions credit allocation scheme, and their differences could potentially hinder the cooperation between the three countries. Under the free allocation scheme, the emission trading schemes' unbalanced impacts on consumption could be mitigated, but unavoidable negative impacts of free allocation schemes are also serious. Based on the analysis results, Korea, China, and Japan will individually face complicated impacts if their carbon markets are integrated. Although the GDP of three countries will increase as a result of carbon market integration, the benefits of integration will surely be unbalanced, and the three countries will experience negative impacts in terms of actual consumption or employment. In particular, increases in income and consumption, reductions in employment, and energy dependence by credit purchasers (Japan and Korea) and production reduction and possibility of offshoring faced by revenue producing countries (China) could serve as a barrier to carbon market integration. To maximize the positive influences of carbon market integration while reducing the risks of negative side effects, the development and application of complimentary policy tools, such as import duties or discounts for emissions credits, are required.