• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2022

Background: One goal of the End tuberculosis (TB) Strategy is to see no TB-affected households experiencing catastrophic costs. Therefore, it is crucial for TB-elimination programs to identify catastrophic costs and their main drivers in order to establish appropriate health and social measures. This study aimed to measure the percent of catastrophic costs experienced by Egyptian TB patients and to identify its determinants. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study with 151 Egyptian TB patients recruited from two chest dispensaries from the Cairo governate from May 2019 to May 2020. We used a validated World Health Organization TB patient-cost tool to collect data on patients' demographic information, household income, and direct and indirect expense of seeking TB treatment. We considered catastrophic TB costs to be total costs exceeding 20% of the household's annual income. Results: Of the patients, 33% experienced catastrophic costs. The highest proportion of the total came in the pre-treatment stage. Being the main breadwinner, experiencing job loss, selling property, and the occurrence of early coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown were independent determinants of the incidence of catastrophic costs. Borrowing money and selling property were the most-often reported coping strategies adopted. Conclusion: Despite the availability of free TB care under the Egyptian National TB Program, nearly a third of the TB patients incurred catastrophic costs. Job loss and being the main breadwinner were among the significant predictors of catastrophic costs. Social protection mechanisms, including cash assistance and insurance coverage, are necessary to achieve the goal of the End TB Strategy.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.29-54
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• 2007

기업의 사회적 책임(corporate social responsibility: CSR)에 대한 기업 관점의 접근방법에 대해서는 국내외에서 많은 연구와 관심이 있었지만 정부의 CSR 정책에 대해서는 상대적으로 많은 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 CSR의 개념 및 필요성에 대한 검토를 바탕으로 CSR 정부정책이 필요한 근거를 고찰하였다. 또한, 해외 사례와 기존 연구 검토를 통해 CSR의 정부정책에 대해 새로운 개념적 모형을 제시한다. 제시된 모형에서 정부정책의 역할은 CSR 비전 설정, CSR 촉진, CSR 공조 등 세 가지이다. 결론에서는 요약과 함께 환경 및 에너지 정책 분야에서 CSR을 활용하기 위해 필요한 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2012

The present study attempts to understand the emission pattern of greenhouse gases in people's daily life through the estimation and analysis of the amount and characteristics of the greenhouse gases. Based on the survey of 1,000 people throughout the nation, monthly emission of greenhouse gases per-capita was estimated from their use of fuels, electricity, water, and personal and public transportation means in addition to their waste generation. In the case of personal car drivers, greenhouse gas emission was the greatest from their cars, followed by the emission from electricity, fuels, and public transportation. Emission from water consumption and waste generation was relatively low. Fuel consumption varied depending on the number of household members, their housing type, and the size of their living spaces. Results showed that single-person households emitted the largest amount of per-capita greenhouse gas while greenhouse gas emission from electricity was inversely proportional to the number of persons in a given household.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.378-380
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• 2003

One of the most common forms of land use change is urbanization. Fortunately, the temporal revisit capacity of remote sensing satellites and their multispectral imaging capability make it possible to monitor this process. Using two Landsat images taken in 1972 and 1989, and one SPOT image taken in 2000, urban growth in Metro Manila is monitored. The extent of urbanization in Metro Manila increased from about 39 percent in 1972 to about 74 percent in 2000, although a slowing of growth was observed in the last decade due to decreasing areas for development. Most cities and municipalities in Metro Manila exhibited urban growth rates higher than the metropolitan average. The drivers and environmental consequences of urban growth were determined as well as the relationship of the extent of urbanization with some socio-economic and environmental variables.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the impact of green corporate identity and employees' green identification on green business performance of international automobile manufacturers in Thailand. It involves 400 employees from the target study area, using questionnaires to collect data from January to February 2021, with purposive and convenient sampling methods. Data analysis employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that green corporate identity has a significant impact on employees' green personal-social identification and green business performance; meanwhile, employees' green social identification has a significant impact on green business performance. However, employees' green personal identification has a significant impact on green business performance only through employees' green social identification. Green corporate identity can increase the corporate' green business performance via economic, environmental and social aspects through employees' green personal-social identification. The findings suggest that green corporate communication through visual identity, employee behaviors, culture, policy products and services in response to environmental forces and drivers to create the green corporate identity is deemed to systematically work. Furthermore, the findings also suggest that employees' green identification on both personal and social levels can be a significant issue that the managers in automobile manufacturers should pay attention as well.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.341-358
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• 2015

This study aims to identify predictors of driving cessation among Korean elderly. Data from 2011 Elderly Survey conducted by Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs were used for the analysis. Based on Webber, Porter, Menec(2010)'s comprehensive theoretical framework for mobility, the model of this study tests five major determinants of driving cessation including financial, psychosocial, environmental, physical and cognitive factors. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that economic status, marital status, contacts with relatives and friends, residential location, taking medication, muscle strength, age, gender, and job were significant predictors of driving cessation of older drivers. Specifically, lower economic status, unmarried status, less contacts with relatives and friends, living in the city, taking medication, weaker muscle strength, older age, female, non-working status were significant risk factors for driving cessation. Practical implications in light of study findings were discussed.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.51-54
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• 2000

This paper presents an efficient method for estimating maximum simultaneous switching noise(SSN) of ground interconnection networks in CMOS systems. For the derivation of maximum SSN expression we use ａ-power law MOS model and an iterative method to reduce error that may occur due to the assumptions used in the derivation process. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing the results with those of previous researches and HSPICE simulations under the present process parameters and environmental conditions. Our method predicts the maximum SSN values more accurately as compared to existing approaches even in more practical cases such that there exist some of output drivers not in transition.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2012

The main purpose of this study is to highlight the importance and validity of introduction of stress-concerned aptitude items for the safety critical workers, corresponding to the radical environmental change in railway industry. To attain this purpose, the author performed a brief literature survey, and scrutinized the western practice in detail. Then, the necessity of introduction of stress-related aptitude items was suggested, based on the statistics resulted from a survey which has been once performed for experts and drivers. The final conclusion is that the present selection system through which the safety critical workers are being staffed, without any rigorous screening mechanisms cannot but have some limitations. So, an overall restructuring for aptitude management system needs to be done in order for us to advance to the position of upper-class railway country.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.27.1-27.1
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• 2017

There is a rich diversity of galaxy properties and we are starting to understand some of the drivers for differences between galaxies. Much progress has been has been made in the last decade, thanks in large part to massively multiplexed surveys using single fibres, but we still lack a complete picture of how galaxies are built. I will discuss how large-scale integral field surveys can address a number of the outstanding questions in the field, starting with the current SAMI Galaxy Survey, and then looking towards the Hector instrument that will carry out integral field surveys of order 50,000-100,000 galaxies. With SAMI we can start to address how mass and environment influence galaxy structure and history, and I will discuss examples such as the environmental quenching of star formation and the distribution of angular momentum. With larger samples afforded by Hector we can go beyond simply mass and environment, to separate galaxies based on their merger or accretion history, as well as their larger-scale environment.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2001

This paper presents an efficient and simple method for analyzine maximum simultaneous switching noise (SSN) on ground interconnection networks in CMOS systems. For the derivation of maximum SSN expression, we use ${\alpha}$-power law MOS model and Taylor's series approximation. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing the results with those of previous researches and HSPICE simulations under the contemporary process parameters and environmental conditions. The proposed method predicts the maximum SSN values more accurately when compared to existing approaches even in most practical cases such that exist some output drivers not in transition.