• 제목/요약/키워드: Environmental disease

검색결과 2,190건 처리시간 0.029초

Functional Characterization of PR-1 Protein, β-1,3-Glucanase and Chitinase Genes During Defense Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Capsicum annuum

  • Hong, Jeum-Kyu;Hwang, Byung-Kook
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.195-206
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    • 2005
  • Spatial and temporal expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene and proteins has been recognized as inducible defense response in pepper plants. Gene expression and/or protein accumulation of PR-1, $\beta-1,3-glucanase$ and chitinase was predominantly found in pepper plants during the inoculations by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum coccodes. PR-1 and chitinase genes were also induced in pepper plants in response to environmental stresses, such as high salinity and drought. PR-1 and chitinase gene expressions by biotic and abiotic stresses were regulated by their own promoter regions containing several stress-related cis-acting elements. Overexpression of pepper PR-1 or chitinase genes in heterogeneous transgenic plants showed enhanced disease resistance as well as environmental stress tolerances. In this review, we focused on the putative function of pepper PR-1, $\beta-1,3-glucanase$ and chitinase proteins and/or genes at the biochemical, molecular and cytological aspects.

Population attributable fraction of indicators for musculoskeletal diseases: a cross-sectional study of fishers in Korea

  • Jaehoo Lee;Bohyun Sim;Bonggyun Ju;Chul Gab Lee;Ki-Soo Park;Mi-Ji Kim;Jeong Ho Kim;Kunhyung Kim;Hansoo Song
    • Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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    • 제34권
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    • pp.23.1-23.14
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    • 2022
  • Background: The musculoskeletal disease (MSD) burden is an important health problem among Korean fishers. We aimed to investigate the indicators of the prevalence of MSD and contributions of significant indicators to MSD in Korean fishers. Methods: This cross-section study included 927 fishers (male, 371; female, 556) aged 40 to 79 years who were enrolled from 3 fishery safety and health centers. The outcome variable was one-year prevalence of MSD in 5 body parts (the neck, shoulder, hand, back, and knee). Independent variables were sex, age, educational attainment, household income, job classification, employment xlink:type, hazardous working environment (cold, heat, and noise), ergonomic risk by the 5 body parts, anxiety disorder, depression, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The adjusted odds ratio of MSDs by the 5 body parts were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis. We computed the population attributable fraction (PAF) for each indicators of MSDs using binary regression models. Results: The one-year prevalence of MSD in the neck, shoulder, hand, back, and knee was 7.8%, 17.8%, 7.8%, 27.2%, and 16.2% in males vs. 16.4%, 28.1%, 23.0%, 38.7%, and 30.0% in females, respectively. The ergonomic risk PAF according to the body parts ranged from 22.8%-59.6% in males and 22.8%-50.3% in female. Mental diseases showed a significant PAF for all body parts only among female (PAF 9.1%-21.4%). Cold exposure showed a significant PAF for the neck, shoulder, and hand MSD only among female (25.6%-26.8%). Age was not a significant indicator except for the knee MSD among female. Conclusions: Ergonomic risk contributed majorly as indicators of MSDs in both sexes of fishers. Mental disease and cold exposure were indicators of MSDs only among female fishers. This information may be important for determining priority risk groups for the prevention of work-related MSD among Korean fishers.

전북지역 토마토와 박과류 무농약재배지의 주요 병해 발생 현황 (Occurrence of major diseases in pesticide-free cultivated tomato and cucurbit in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea)

  • 김주희;최민경;문형철;전형권
    • 환경생물
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.486-495
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    • 2020
  • 토마토와 박과류채소의 유기농산물을 생산하기 위하여 무농약으로 재배하는 시설하우스에서 최근 문제되는 병해를 조사한 결과 토마토 잎곰팡이병과 토마토반점위조바이러스병, 토마토퇴록바이러스병, 박과류 쥬키니황화모자이크바이러스병, 박과류 흰가루병 등의 피해가 심한 것으로 조사되었다. 농약을 사용하여 일반재배를 하는 시설하우스에 비해 무농약재배 하우스에서 재배되는 작물에서 병 발생 시기가 더 빠르고 병 발생도 심한 것으로 나타났으며, 총채벌레와 진딧물 등에 의해 매개되는 바이러스병 피해가 심한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 우수한 유기농산물을 생산하기 위해서는 병해충방제를 효율적으로 하는 것이 중요하며, 병 발생 피해를 최소화기 위해서는 포장위생과 물리적 차단, 유기농업자재나 미생물제 등을 종합적으로 활용하여 예방적으로 방제하는 것이 가장 중요하다.

간접흡연자의 요코티닌과 치주질환의 관련성에 관한 융합연구 (The Urine Cotinine level and Periodontal Disease among Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Convergence study)

  • 김송숙
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제9권12호
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    • pp.295-299
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구의 목적은 30세이상 성인을 대상으로 간접흡연노출과 치주질환과의 관련성을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구자료는 2014년, 2015년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하였으며, 5,146명을 최종분석대상자로 선정하였다. 치주질환은 지역사회 치주지수로 파악하였다. 이분형 로지스틱회귀분석을 이용하였으며, 95% 신뢰구간을 산출하였다. 본 연구결과 성별, 연령, 교육수준, 그리고 수입을 보정한 경우에서 요코티닌 수준이 50ng/mL미만에 비해 550ng/mL이상인 경우에서 치주질환 위험이 2.08배(95% CI=1.73-2.50) 높게 나타났다. 요코티닌 수준과 치주질환 위험 증가에 대한 용량-반응관계가 나타났다. 본 연구결과 간접흡연자에서 요코티닌 수준이 증가할수록 치주질환 위험이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 간접흡연에 대한 노출을 감소시키기 위해 흡연자의 자발적인 금연참여를 권장하여야 할 것이다.

대기오염에 따른 환경성 질환의 인자 분석: Big Data를 통한 Google 트렌드 데이터의 분석 및 영향 (Factor analysis of Environmental Disease by Air Pollution: Analysis and Implication of Google Trends Data with Big Data)

  • 최길용;이수민;이철민;서성철
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제44권6호
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    • pp.563-571
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental pollution caused by exposure to air pollution in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate environmental and health factors through big data. Methods: Among the environmental diseases, the data centered on "percentage per day in 2015 to 2018". Data of environmental diseases and concentrations of air pollution monitoring network were analyzed. Results: Lung cancer and bronchiolitis obliterans were correlated with 0.027 and 0.0158, respectively, in the contamination concentration of fine dust ($PM_{10}$). Ozone, COPD, allergic rhinitis, and bronchiolitis obliterans were correlated with 0.0022, 0.0028 and 0.0093, respectively. At the concentration of $SO_2$ and the diseases of asthma, atopic dermatitis, lung cancer and bronchiolitis obliterans were 0.0008, 0.0523, 0.0016 and 0.0126, respectively. Conclusions: We surveyed the trends of air pollution according to the characteristics of Seoul area in Korea and evaluated the perception of Korea and the world. As a result, respiratory lung disease is thought to be a major factor in exposure to environmental pollution.

주거지에서 환경 스트레스의 지각이 거주자의 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 기초적 연구 (Fundamental Study on Relationship between Perception of Environmental Stress and Healthy Behavior in Residential Environment)

  • 김남길
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 1996
  • The Purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between residential environment and healthy behavior by examining the effect of environmental stress on psychology and physiology. With anxiety, the acute environmental stressor activates sympathy nerve system and the chonic environmental stressor activates the intenal secretion system because this stress induces depression. Thus, we could find that the continuity of these kinds of stresses brings the chronic disease.

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Microstroma juglandis에 의한 호두나무 흰곰팡이병 발생 (Occurrence of Downy Leaf Spot on Juglans regia Caused by Microstroma juglandis in Korea)

  • 이상현;이승규;박지현;조성은;신현동
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.386-390
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    • 2011
  • 2011년 6월에 김천과 무안의 호두나무 재배지에서 잎에 노균병 병징과 유사한 증상이 관찰되었다. 병든 잎의 뒷면에는 다각형의 병반에 흰색의 곰팡이가 눈꽃처럼 형성되었고, 상응하는 잎의 앞면에는 퇴록 부분이 생겼다. 병세가 진전되면서 병든 조직은 붕괴되었고 나중에는 괴사되었다. 이 병의 원인균은 형태적 및 배양적 특징으로 보아 Microstroma juglandis로 동정되었다. 또한 균주의 ITS rDNA 염기서열을 GenBank에 등록된 M. juglandis의 자료와 비교하여 100% 일치함을 확인하였다. 호두나무 묘목에 병원성 검정을 실시하여 코흐의 원칙을 만족시켰다. 이 병은 지금까지 북미, 유럽, 오세아니아 그리고 서아시아(인도, 파키스탄, 터키)에서 보고되었다. 이 연구를 통하여 한국을 포함한 동아시아에서는 이 병을 처음으로 보고하며, 병명은 '호두나무 흰곰팡이병'으로 제안한다.

병저항성 GM(OsCK1)벼의 물벼룩(Daphnia magna)에 대한 급성독성 평가 (Acute Toxicity Evaluation to Daphnia magna of Disease Resistant(OsCK1) Rice)

  • 오성덕;이기종;박수윤;류태훈;서상재
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.121-128
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    • 2014
  • BACKGROUND: The disease resistant (OsCK1) rice was generated by inserting choline kinase (CK1) and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) genes isolated from Oryza sativa and Streptomyces hygroscopicus into the genome of the rice, Nakdongbyeo. With the potential problems of safeties, the evaluations on non-target organisms are essentially required for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops. In the present study, we conducted the evaluation of acute toxicity on Daphnia magna that commonly used as a model organism in ecotoxicological studies for non-target organism evaluation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effect of acute toxicity to Daphnia magna by each concentration were investigated in the disease resistant (OsCK1) rice and non-genetically modified (non-GM) rice, Nakdongbyeo, as concentration (0, 1,000, 1,800, 3,240, 5,830, 10,500 and 20,000 mg/L). The OsCK1 rice used for the test was confirmed to express the OsCK1/PAT gene by the PCR(Polymerase chain reaction) and western blot analysis. Feeding test showed that no significant differences in cumulative immobility and abnormal response of Daphnia magna fed on OsCK1 rice or non-GM rice. The 48hr-$EC_{50}$ values showed no difference between OsCK1 rice (3,147.18 mg/L) and non-GM rice (3,596.27 mg/L). CONCLUSION: This result suggested that there was no significant difference in toxicity to Daphnia magna between OsCK1 rice and non-GM counterpart.

Prevalence of Drug Resistance-Associated Gene Mutations in Plasmodium vivax in Central China

  • Lu, Feng;Wang, Bo;Cao, Jun;Sattabongkot, Jetsumon;Zhou, Huayun;Zhu, Guoding;Kim, Kwonkee;Gao, Qi;Han, Eun-Taek
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.379-384
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    • 2012
  • Resistance of Plasmodium spp. to anti-malarial drugs is the primary obstacle in the fight against malaria, and molecular markers for the drug resistance have been applied as an adjunct in the surveillance of the resistance. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mutations in pvmdr1, pvcrt-o, pvdhfr, and pvdhps genes in temperate-zone P. vivax parasites from central China. A total of 26 isolates were selected, including 8 which were previously shown to have a lower susceptibility to chloroquine in vitro. For pvmdr1, pvcrt-o, and pvdhps genes, no resistance-conferring mutations were discovered. However, a highly prevalent (69.2%), single-point mutation (S117N) was found in pvdhfr gene. In addition, tandem repeat polymorphisms existed in pvdhfr and pvdhps genes, which warranted further studies in relation to the parasite resistance to antifolate drugs. The study further suggests that P. vivax populations in central China may still be relatively susceptible to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.