• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.244-249
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• 1999

This study is to examine the emission rate of $CO_2$gas as the environmental load in office buildings. After the investigation of monthly consumption of each energy source(electricity and natural gas), it is analyzed that the $CO_2$emission rate of 34 office buildings surveyed is 22.4kg-$c/m^2$.year, which consists of 17.5kg-$c/m^2$.year by consuming electricity, and 4.9kg-$c/m^2$.year by consuming natural gas. And the $CO_2$emission rate of each load in those buildings consists of 68% emitted by general electricity, 16% by cooling load and 16% by heating load. It is also proposed that the $CO_2$emission rate of cooling and heating load is profoundly pertinent to the variation of outdoor temperature.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2001

This study is to examine the emission quantity of $CO_2$ gas as the environmental load in office buildings. After the investigation of monthly consumption of each energy source(electricity and natural gas), it is analyzed that the $CO_2$ emission quantity of 34 office buildings surveyed is 22.4 kg-c/$m^2$-year, which consists of 17.5 kg-c/$m^2$-year by consurunlelectncif. and 4.9 kg-c/$m^2$-year by consuming natural gas. And the $CO_2$ emission quantity of each load in those buildings consists of 68% emitted by general electricity, 16% by cooling load and 16% by beating load. It is also proposed that the $CO_2$ emission quantity of cooling and heating load is profoundly pertinent to the variation of outdoor temperature.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2011년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 1부
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• pp.193-195
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• 2011

Nowadays, climatic environment change has become a major issue in the world. This causes major emissions of carbon dioxide industries steel industry, thermal power industry, cement industry is essential in the reduction of carbon dioxide, which is based on total carbon dioxide emissions account for most of the construction industry in an effort to minimize the environmental load is needed. accordingly, through case studies, It can be induce the selection to minimize environmental load by comparing the output of quantitative energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per constructional methods. As a result of this study, RC Structure was less environmental load than SC structure.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2016

Seabed affected by scouring, sedimentation, and siltation occurrences often cause exposure, which induces risks to existing structures or crude oil or gas pipeline buried subsea. In order to prevent possible risks, more economical structure installation methodology is proposed in this study by predicting and managing the risk. Also, the seabed does not only consist of sandy material, but clayey soil is also widespread, and the effect of undrained shear strength should be considered, and by cyclic environmental load, pore water pressure will occur in the seabed, which reduces shear strength and allows particles to move easily. Based on previous research regarding sedimentation or erosion, the average value of external environmental loads should be applied; for scouring, a 100-year period of environmental conditions should be applied. Also, sedimentation and erosion are mainly categorized by the bed load and suspended load; also, they are calculated as the sum of bed load and suspended load, which can be obtained from the movement of particles caused by sedimentation or erosion.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.53-54
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• 2012

This study is aimed at utilizing LCA processor with BIM LOD, eliciting the problems of the existing environmental assessment by constructing the database for environmental values of green buildings. For these objects, environmental load database of BIM construction material and evaluation process are presented, after matching BIM family based environmental load database which is available during evaluation stage, input-output tables and Korea LCI database to standard item code of public procurement service. It is a important factor in environmental assessment of building to develop database unit of standard item code for BIM and construction material. Thus, the results of this study are expected to provide basic data for improving effectiveness of construction through BIM based environmental load evaluation database. Furthermore, the provided environmental load database unit for construction material is considered to be available as basic information for BIM study by suggesting a processor connecting BIM with LCA and along with this, continuous examination on the connection process is needed.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.476-482
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• 2011

Following public expectations from the emergence of an international agreement with greater legal force after the expiration of the 2012 Kyoto Protocol, Korea is also making efforts to effectively and systematically initiate the mitigation policy and enforce the terms of the international climate change agreement. The majority of domestic industries are candidates for greenhouse gas emission regulation, thereby requiring the proposal of a method that effectively reduces environmental contaminate substances released from railway facilities, following the prediction of an increase in railway usage as an environment-friendly transportation method in the future. Accordingly, this study has quantitatively calculated the amount of released environmental contaminates through the life cycle assessment (LCA) on railway facility constructions, and has evaluated the environmental load and the amount of greenhouse gas emissions through the resulting values. The results of the LCA analysis showed that the amount of environmental load was the highest at the early stages of material implementation and construction, and that the value of global warming was viewed as the highest among the effects. As officially announced by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program that $CO_2$ is the main culprit of global warming, the analytical values confirmed that the amount of $CO_2$ emissions accounted for more than half of the released greenhouse gases at 2.90E+04tons. The environmental load and $CO_2$ emission rates analyzed in this study are judged to be used in the deduction of the optimum environment-friendly method and quantitative environmental effect of railway facility constructions in the future, as the values can be evaluated based on their degree of environment friendliness.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2012

세계적인 에너지 및 온난화 문제로 이에 대한 개선은 필연적인 과제가 되었다. 그러나 기존의 대응은 건설단계와 운용단계의 에너지 소비절감에 집중되어 왔다. 상대적으로 유지관리 및 해체 폐기단계의 관리는 소홀하였다. 본 연구에서는 건설 전 생애주기에 걸쳐 각 건설단계 별로 발생하는 환경부하를 정량적으로 예측하여 평가하고, 각 공정별로 환경부하를 평가할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 또한 건설 전과정에서의 환경부하 평가 및 저감을 위한 객관적이고 신뢰성 있는 의사결정 모델을 제시하였다. 또한 프로그램의 현장 적용성을 검토하기 위해 실제 해체공사를 대상으로 시험평가를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 친환경 건설기술 개발에 일조하고 저탄소 녹색성장에 기여하고자 한다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

The current building energy efficiency rating certification regulation on apartment houses evaluates only the saving rate of energy consumed during operation, i.e. use, of a building, but doesn't consider the energy consumptions and environmental load($CO_2$) emissions occurring during the whole lifetime of a building. So this study calculated the energy consumptions and environmental load emissions occurring during the whole lifetime of a building, selected reference schemes and alternative items by design variables to present a design draft considering energy efficiency and environmental performance, and evaluated the total cost by combining and calculating its direct cost(material and heating cost) and indirect cost(environmental cost), for an existing apartment house as an evaluation object. As a result of analysis, the change of heating cost by alternative items of design variables showed a 4~8% change rate compared to the reference scheme, and the material cost of design variable 7 showed a maximum 4.4 times change rate in the alternative plan 6 compared to the reference scheme. The environmental cost showed a similar change rate to the material cost change rate in general, but showed a similar environmental cost change rate to the heating cost change rate in case of design variables 4-1, 4-2, 7.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2010

The study set up the models of a general standard apartment house and a super high-rise standard apartment house, which were based on the 5 floor plans of the assessment reference houses of the "green homes" provided by the government; such main construction materials as to account for more than 80% of the entire amount of $CO_2$ emission in a construction work were selected; a database was built up for evaluating the environmental loads of the main materials according to the house types that were different from each other in area, block type, combination of living units or floor; and using the database, an attempt was made to develop the technology to assess $CO_2$ emission from the production of construction materials used in the stage of construction.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.425-450
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• 2006

산업부문은 생산 활동을 담당하는 특성 때문에 많은 에너지를 소비하고 많은 $CO_2$를 배출한다. 산업부문 중에서 에너지다소비산업이라고 일컬어지는 산업들은 다른 산업에 비해서 에너지소비가 많고 $CO_2$ 배출을 많이 하므로 관련정책의 목표대상으로서 우선적으로 거론된다. 그러나 해당 산업의 생산액과 $CO_2$ 배출량을 사용하는 환경원단위는 해당 산업만의 환경오염물질 배출의 정도를 측정하기에는 적합하지만, 산업들이 유기적으로 연결되어 서로 생산품을 수요하고 공급하고 있는 점을 고려한다면 환경원단위를 확대시킨, 그리고 산업 전체를 고려하는 지표로 해당 산업의 환경물질의 배출 정도를 평가해야 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 우리나라의 환경산업연관표 2000을 작성하고, 에너지다소비산업 외에 전 산업을 대상으로 하여 산출액기준 및 열량기준의 환경원단위와, 이를 보다 확대하고 산업의 유기적 관계까지를 모두 고려하는 유발 $CO_2$ 발생량을 추정하여 우리나라의 경제주체간 및 산업간의 상품생산과 흐름에 수반되는 에너지소비와 환경오염물질의 흐름을 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 산출액기준 및 열량기준의 환경원단위가 상대적으로 높은 산업들의 유발 $CO_2$ 발생량은 크다. 이 산업들은 직접적으로 발생시키는 $CO_2$가 많은 산업들이며, 환경부하가 큰 재화나 서비스를 생산한다. 그러므로 이 산업들을 대상으로 환경원단위 저감을 유도한다면 $CO_2$ 발생량을 감소시킬 수 있다. 그러나 환경원단위가 낮은 산업의 생산 시에 환경원단위가 높은 산업들의 생산품이 투입재로 사용된다면 그 산업의 유발 $CO_2$ 발생량은 커지고 경제 전체의 환경부하를 크게 만든다. 따라서 산출액기준의 환경원단위가 높은 산업들만을 중심으로 하여 환경원단위를 저하시키는 것 외에, 낮은 환경원단위를 갖는 산업들의 환경원단위도 지속적으로 감소시켜 다른 산업에 대한 연관을 통한 유발 $CO_2$ 발생량을 감소시켜야 한다. 이는 모든 산업에 대한 지속적인 환경원단위 저감이 경제 전체를 기준으로 더 큰 $CO_2$ 발생량 저감을 유도하는 것을 의미한다.