• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.63-79
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of restaurant environment upon customers' satisfaction and crowdedness awareness from July 4 to 30. Total 800 sets of questionnaire were distributed among major foodservice corporations including 16 restaurants from McDonald, Burger King, Popeyes, KFC, Ritz Carlton, Intercontinental, The Westin Chosun, Hilton, Merriot, Outback Steak House, Bennigans, VIPS, Pizza Hut, Pul-hyanggi(Scent of grass), Nolboo Co., and Our Story. They received 50 sets each to hand out to their customers. Out of total 800 sets of questionnaires, 592 sets (74.25%) were retrieved and underwent the Multiple Regression Analysis. We found the following results from the study. First, among each variable of restaurant environment that had a significant effect on crowdedness, "fast service" and "responsiveness to customer complaints" scored a regression coefficient value 0.381 and 0.325 respectively. Second, among each restaurant environment factor that had a significant effect on crowdedness, "quality of facilities" scored the highest regression coefficient value 0.423 with a standard error score 0.1074, followed by "condition of waiting", "overall ambience" and "service quality" in ascending order. Third, in the analysis of the effect of each environmental factor upon the satisfaction rate, "condition of waiting" showed the highest regression coefficient value 0.3821 with a standard error score 0.4565, followed by "cleanliness", "service quality" and "convenience', in ascending order.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.536-540
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were 1) to analyze the correlation between Word-of-Mouth(WOM) message sender credibility and WOM effect and 2) to analyze the differences of WOM message sender creadibility and WOM effect in off-line and on-line WOM communication. The messages were created as a form of scenario for this study. Respondents were asked to evaluate the message sender credibility and predict WOM behaviors after reading given scenario. The questionnaires were distributed to 200 customers and a total of 175 questionnaires were used for analysis(87.5%). The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Win(12.0) for descriptive analysis, paired t-test, factor analysis, correlation analysis. The positive off-line WOM message sender was considered as more credible(p<.001) than on-line WOM message sender. 'Message sender credibility' is correlated with 'attitude formation' in both channels, but 'reliable' factor of 'credibility' variable is not significantly correlated with 'attitude change'.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

The actue toxicity of a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (code name: LBD-005) was evaluated in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, by the oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes of administration. LBD-005 in the acute toxicity study in the rats was not considerde to induce any toxicological effect on the rats in mortalities, clinical findings, body weights and gross findings. It is suggested that $LD_{50}$ values in rats would be >48 mg/kg in the oral route and >12 mg/kg in the subcutaneous or intravenous route.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

Improving efficiency of the telecommunication is crucial to the development and growth of Korean economy. Recently, it has become important with the huge development of information technology and its greater potential for extensive impact on the rest of the economy. Hence, it is useful to determine the factors that help enhance efficiency in telecommunication and consider them in improving the evaluation model. This study applies DEA (data envelopment analysis) to evaluate the relative efficiency of 51 branches of a Korean telecommunication company. Using the super-efficiency approach, we tested outliers which may affect the results and ranked the efficient branches. A method of deriving key variables applied to business operation is proposed to identify the key performance indicators for evaluation that takes environmental (non-discretionary) factors into account. We used the extended CCR model proposed by Banker and Morey to investigate the influence of non-discretionary factor. The information provided by the model (slacks, weights) and the sensitivity analysis shows that the most important indicator that affects the branch performance is operating cost. The results of sensitivity analysis show that average efficient score decreases from 0.972 (base case) to 0.863 for CASE2-COST. The average score of the data proves the priority of operating cost over other indicators. The effect of environmental (non-discretionary) variable was found to be significant. The population effect was positive and improved overall efficiency by 0.91% on average. Non-discretionary factor plays a meaningful role explaining the performance of branches. The performance optimization report can help a manager of an inefficient branch to develop branch strategies. Managers can identify the top-performing units, study best practices and adopt the strategy to the organization.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of consumer's environmental knowledge, eco-friendly attitude and purchase intention about fashion consumers' eco-friendly products. This study was conducted by a survey of 330 males and females fashion consumers in their 20s-40s who experienced eco-friendly fashion products purchase. Respondents, who had purchased eco-friendly fashion items at least once, were selected using convenience sampling through the online survey from March $20^{th}$ to $30^{th}$ in 2013. The collected materials were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, t-test and multi-regression using SPSS 19.0 software. Through the result of statistical analysis, it is found that environmental knowledge has three dimensions; natural environmental knowledge, urbanized environmental knowledge, environmental pollution knowledge. Also the effects of environmental knowledge on eco-friendly attitude are significant and eco-friendly attitude has influence on eco-friendly fashion products purchase behavior. Eco-friendly attitude had an effect word of mouth intention. In addition, there are notable differences in environmental knowledge, eco-friendly attitude and purchase intention depending on fashion consumer's age. The results of this study will provide useful information for both eco-friendly customer management and fashion marketing strategies. Therefore, the fashion company is needed to consider personal characteristics, customer needs and present condition of purchasing eco-friendly fashion products.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, pH, and UV light on-the survival of life-threatening Vibrio vulnificus. In the temperature range of 15 to $25^{\circ}C$, the numbers of V. vulnificus incieased during the 6-day incubation, but outside this range, the survival of V. vulnificus was poor. Incubation between 1 and $10^{\circ}C$ showed that V. vulnifcts survived poorly below $10^{\circ}C$. At sal:nities between 5 and 25ppt, the numbers of V. vulnificus increased or remained unchanged for 6-day. At salinities above this range, the numbers of V. vulnificus decreased. The optimal pH range was 6.5 to 8.0 and outside this range, the survival ratio of V. vulnificus was small. At 15-and $25^{\circ}C$, UV radiation was bactericidal for cultures of V, vulnificus. The counts of V. vulnificus were reduced approximately 10, 000-fold after 2h of UV light treatment at both temperatures. Above results mowed 1ha't environmental factors were effective on the survival of V. vulniucus in the environment.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.229-254
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• 2011

In this paper, we decomposed Greenhouse-Gas emissions of Korea's manufacturing industry using LMDI (Log Mean Divisia Index) method. Changes in $CO_2$ emissions from 1991 to 2007 studied in 5 different factors, industrial production (production effect), industry production mix (structure effect), sectoral energy intensity (intensity effect), sectoral energy mix (energy-mix effect), and $CO_2$ emission factors (emission-factor effect). By results, the structure effect and intensity effect has a role of reducing GHG emissions and The role of structure effect was bigger than intensity effect. The energy mix effect increased GHG emissions and emission-factor effect decreased GHG emissions. By time series analysis, IMF regime affected the GHG emission pattern. the structure effect and intensity effect in that regime was getting worse. After 2000, in the high oil price period, the structure effect and intensity effect is getting better.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.231-245
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• 2022

When vertical shafts are constructed in soft clay with low strength, there is a risk of basal heave, which causes the excavation surface to heave due to the low bearing capacity of the ground against the imbalance of earth pressure at the excavation surface. Methods of deriving a safety factor have been proposed to evaluate the stability against the basal heave. However, there are limitations in that it is difficult to accurately evaluate the heave stability because many assumptions are included in the theoretical derivation. In this study, assuming that a circular vertical shaft is constructed in soft clay, the existing safety factor equation proposed through a theoretical approach was supplemented. Bearing capacity according to the shaft geometry, inhomogeneity of the soil, and the effect of soil plug were considered theoretically and applied in a previous safety factor equation. A three-dimensional numerical analysis was conducted to simulate the occurrence of basal heave and review the supplemented equation through various case studies. Several series of case studies were conducted targeting various factors affecting heave stability. It was verified that the additionally considered characteristics were properly reflected in the supplemented equation. Furthermore, the effects of each factor constituting the safety factor equation were examined using the results of the numerical analysis performed by simulating various cases. It was confirmed that considering the undrained shear strength increment according to depth had the most significant effect on the calculation of the safety factor.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.523-528
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• 2010

With the financial crisis from USA had negative impacts on the real economy, base metals price on LME was downward in 4 quarter of 2008. Following the deepest global downturn in recent history, economic growth solidified and broadened to advanced countries and simultaneously the price of base metal on LME showed a rising curve over 2009. There are three factors supported an upward tendency of base metal's price. The First factor is the US economy recovery, the second factor is the weak dollar, the third factor is the chinese base metal demand. Among the factors, the last one is a major factor. Therefore, this study analyze the factor of the movement of price of base metal with linear regression analysis. The result of analysis show that the chinese GDP growth has effect on the recent upward base metal price. Despite the result, the upward movement is difficult to be sustained without the full recovery of advanced economies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.416-424
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• 2011

This paper closely examines the relation between ‘how the local residents' involvement in a tourist industry and their perception of tourist development have an influence on tourism' and also 'how the understanding of a tourist effect has an influence on the local residents' participating intention in the tourist policy'. The local residents' involvement in the tourist industry was influenced by economical and socio-cultural factors among the influencing perceptions on local festivals, but, statistically, was not influenced by an environmental factor. The local residents' perception of tourist development has influenced on each local festival, and for the rate of influence, the environmental factor was the highest, and in the next order, the residents' intention to participate in tourist policy, the socio-cultural factor, and the economical factor followed. In the relation between local residents' perception of tourist influence and their participating intention, only the factor of socio-culture had a plus(+) influence on the participating intention in the tourist policy. It is expected that this result will be different from the tourist influence of tourist development. Therefore, a study of the perception on the influence of tourist development will be required in the future.