• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.152-156
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• 2011

Viable bacteria on water-insoluble airborne particles were detected in the urban atmosphere of Kumamoto ($134^{\circ}45'E$, $32^{\circ}28'N$), Japan, in autumn 2008. Airborne particles were collected onto film-covered Cu meshes under clear weather conditions. The samples were stained by fluorescent stains, and then viewed and photographed with an epifluorescent microscope. Non-biological and bacterial parts in particles larger than 0.8 ${\mu}m$ were distinguished by their morphologies, fluorescent colors and fluorescent intensities. Bacterial viable statuses were discriminated according to cell membrane damage. In total, 2681 particles were investigated and it was found that 78 airborne particles were associated with bacteria. Viable bacteria were identified on 48 particles. A few particles carried multiple viable bacteria. These results provide the evidence that airborne particles act as carriers of viable bacteria in the atmosphere.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.871-880
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• 2006

Water management treatment of coastal region has been an important problem in Jeju city since the distributions of pipeline of the pumping system made a bad view in coastal region. To solve the problem, we observed the pipelines that are on the surface around the coastal region from Tapdong to Doduhang. From the observations, we found that Todong and Dodu areas were not unsightliness because the all pipelines were located in underground. However, the other areas, such area Yongdam, Handugi, Yongdam fishing village, had a serious problem for the coastal landscape view. To solve the problem, at we estimated coastal land color characteristics of Jeju city based on the observation of the pipelines. The estimated color panel shows that the green, blue and grey colors are a dominant factors of the Jeju coastal region. Based on the color panel, we proposed two methods, that is, one is a short time treatment, the other is a long time one. The short is based on the colour treatment, which is pipeline colour changing into surround natural one. The long time is the construction plan design method. Although the later method was very useful in Jeju island. However, it takes a lot of time and money. Therefore, in the situation, the short time is the better than the long time one.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2016

This study derives the characteristics of physical environmental designs and formats which can serve as guidelines in spatial design for the social regeneration of residential areas. For this purpose, this study redefined factors of social regeneration in living areas and their design strategies through a theoretical review. This study also selected practical examples and investigated the characteristics of environmental design in terms of shapes, finishing, and devices used stated in the strategies for social regeneration in the given examples through field investigation. As a result, designs for communities should Maximize characteristics of daily use and formated types reused as well as use complicated and small facilities. Second, access types should make it easy to induce artificial movement, themes using finishing materials should be given, and perception media should be used to encourage physical activity. Third, psychological stability can be achieved by improving the colors used in the finishing materials, and should ensuring safe environmental facilities by design. Finally, for metaphoric contact to the properties of nature, using themes of nature in the finishing materials and in diverse devices.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.796-801
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• 2010

이 연구는 감마선 처리에 의한 장미($Rosa$ $hybrida$ Hort.) 신품종을 개발하기 위한 효과적인 방법을 개발하고 돌연변이 발생 형태를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 장미 스피델라와 커버넷 두 품종에 감마선($^{60}Co$ 선원)을 선량별(0, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 170Gy)로 조사하여 돌연변이 유기에 적정한 선량과 변이의 발생 양상을 구명하였다. 약 50% 식물체가 고사하는 반치사($LD_{50}$) 선량은 품종에 따라 차이가 있었는데 '스피델라'는 110Gy에서, '커버넷'은 150Gy이었다. 식물체의 50% 신초길이 감소 선량은 '스피델라'에서 70Gy 선량 정도 이었는데 비해 '커버넷'에서는 110Gy 선량에서 나타났다. 분홍색의 '스피델라'와 적색의 '커버넷'에 30-170Gy 선량의 감마선을 처리하여 다양한 색의 완전변이, 키메라, 모자익 꽃잎을 가진 변이체를 유기할 수 있었다. '스피델라' 에서 흰색, 상아색, 분홍색을 띤 상아색, 옅은 분홍색 그리고 진분홍색의 꽃잎을 가진 변이가 출현하였고, '커버넷'에서 분홍색, 진분홍색, 자홍색, 주황색, 그리고 진한 자색의 꽃잎을 가진 변이가 발생하였다. 돌연변이 유기를 위해서 식물체 생존율, 신초생장, 돌연변이 발생률을 고려할 때 '스피델라'는 70-90Gy, '커버넷'은 90-110Gy의 선량 처리가 적당하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2022

우리 사회의 고령화가 점차 심화되면서 실버타운 공간의 노인 돌봄 모델을 바탕으로 노인 돌봄 환경의 질은 점차 모두의 관심의 초점이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 주로 노인의 시각적 특성과 행동적 특성을 연구하고 토론하며, 공간의 환경을 최적화하기 위해 노인의 특별한 요구에보다 많은 관심을 기울일 수 있도록 실버타운에서 노인의 생활 환경에서 시각적 체험 디자인을 심층적으로 탐구한다. 이를 통해 노인들이 편안한 환경에서 노년을 즐길 수 있도록 공간의 환경을 최적화한다. 본 연구는 시각 심리학, 환경 심리학, 노인학 그리고 다른 이론으로 기초한다. 관련 문헌 수집과 노인현장 연구를 통해 실버타운 노인들의 생활 환경의 기능과 전반적인 조합을 연구하고, 환경을 정리한다. 중·장년층의 행동적·시각적 요구를 바탕으로 공간에서의 시각적 연결을 강화하기 위한 디자인 방법을 제안하였다. 시각적 경험의 관점에서, 환경의 조명, 색상, 그리고 재료들이 연구된다. 이론과 연구·실험의 결합을 통해 노인들은 따뜻한 색채, 고휘도 색채, 기하학적인 문양이 있는 식물을 선호한다는 결론을 내린다. 실버타운 공간에서의 시각적 경험의 디자인 원리와 디자인 방법을 요약하였다.

• 복식
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• 제22권
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• pp.263-276
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• 1994

The achievement of notable social reoforms attained during the period of 19th and 20th centuries needlessly speaking remodelded the social environmental into several different patterns such as :1) high industrialization 2) propensity to consume 3) up graded overall social stands. Accordingly the industrial world of the but-tons too established the mess production syhstem by breaking from convention of hand-craft work of 17th century. The raw materials used in the production line on buttons during the 20th century are almost all-kind of materials one can possibly named including cheap plastic which enabled production lines to produce cheaper but higher productivities of the buttons being produced, The design (incused design) used in the 19-20h centuries are : men landscape, sports features, birds, livestocks, bugs, or geomatric features, tec, 1, The classification o f the buttons by materials Techniques shapes colors marking (Incused design) used in the productionof buttons in the England United States of America Laska Italy france Denmark Japan and India are categolizzed as : natural raw materials and syntetical resines. 1) Of the natural raw materials used are : Matal Enamel Iodine Agate, Coral, Green jade(Jasper) Granite, Wood, Ivory, Horn and bone etc. 2) The sythetical resin used in the button in-dustries are : Artificial jewell glass Acrylic material Styroform Celluloid and Nylon etc. 2. The thecnique quoted in producing buttons are hand craft work inlay work precision casting press mosic dye etching, processing, engraving and embossed carving etc. 3. The major designs used in the buttons in -dustries are : Round shape however elliptical column angular and edge shape often used. 4. The colors used are : The multi-colors were highly used than mono-colored materials such as : Adjoining Color and Contrast Color. The highest consideration to be considered in choosing the colors for the buttons are harmonization and matching factor with the garment or dresses to be wore. 5. The major design(incused design) on the buttons are embodiment and the design were also used in order of abstractive-combination abstractive with has offers much surprising. The button industries during the 19th and 20th centuries were not only the determination factors those can judge the value of self-pride of Nation and which were far beyond the in-dustrial arts in those days but also highly refelected and influenced by cultural sense ideology and self-pride of the Nation of those period. The followings are details of the role of the buttons categolized in the order of functional ornamental and symbolical aspects : 1. The functional role : The functional role of the buttons were simply designed for dress how-ever the buttons beyond from this role of function now a days. 2. The ornamental role : The ornamental role of he button beyond from this role of the button were effectuated by : 1) shape materials colors 2) technique locations size and design (incused design) 3) The ramaterials used for buttons shall not be over looked because it is highly depends on the taste sense and combination of harmony with the garment to be wore. 4) The color of the buttons are made well contrasted with the color of garments just as in the case of other artistical area such as matchs with the color of garment of contrast with brigtness of colors contrasted as complementary color and so and so. 5) The technique being adoped are: precision casting press handcraft inlay work etching mosic etc,. Since the buttons are no longer a simple catching devise used to fasten together the different part of the dress but now it has formed own and occupied the independent role in the garment or dresses location can be de-termined and varying depending on the ideas of designers. The size of the buttons has no specific limits, However the variation has widely dependined on the entire circumperence rhythm contrast harmonization of the garments. 3. The symbolical role : Since the button is no longer a just a simple devise for catching and fastening device used fastening together the different part of the garments but now were built a independent area as major part of the Garment and well reflected all kinds of occupations political background cultural as-pect etc. on the buttons. The design of buttons in the western circles are more simplified but they are polished looks and their techniques of manufacturing are comination of both machanis and handcraft. The colors used in the buttons are pretty well harmonized with garment(dress). Almost all kind of materials can be used in the but-tons however materials used in the buttons are : Bone of livestocks ivory, turtle shell are no longer used because the prevention of cruely of animal. On the contraly the level of buttons indus-try of Korea is far to reach and catch up with the level of western circles. It is highly suggested therefore the but-tons industrial field of Republic of Korea shall place and encouragement in producing beter industrial environment of the buttons based on the traditional and cultural aspect of republic of Korea to produce both manufacturing of qulified and best designed and colored buttons.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2003

본 연구는 환경디자인을 통한 대학 캠퍼스의 정체성과 이미지 확립에 바람직한 도움이 되고자 캠퍼스 내의 건축물을 대상으로 하는 색채 사용 기준을 제시하였다. 특히 오랜 역사와 고유의 학풍을 지닌 Y-대학교 S-캠퍼스를 대상으로 향후 건축물조성에 사용할 수 있는 색채 팔레트를 제시함으로써, 전통과 현대의 조화를 통해 다가올 미래의 변화를 수용할 수 있으며, 대학의 특성화 및 차별화 된 환경 디자인의 한 기준을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 연구의 진행은 기초조사, 본 조사, 분석 및 색채 팔레트 제안으로 이루어지는데, 기초조사 단계에서는 문헌을 통해 대학교의 역사와 교육 이념 등의 대학교 이미지를 형용사어를 중심으로 조사하였다. 본 조사에서는 다양한 건축 외장재를 수집하여 측색하고, 현재 캠퍼스 내의 건축물 색채 및 사계절에 해당하는 자연 색채를 계절별로 실측 조사하였다. 이 때에는 측색기와 NCS 표준 색채, 디지털 카메라 등이 보조 수단으로 사용되었다. 분석 단계에서는 위에서 수집된 자료들을 바탕으로 Y 캠퍼스의 지향 이미지 색채를 설정하고, 현재 건축물 색채와 자연 색채와의 조화를 고려한 배색 팔레트를 최종 제시하였다. 이를 바탕으로 설정한 최종 대표 색으로 주조 색은 중 명도/중 채도의 화강암을 주재료로 하는 YR 계열 및 무채색에 해당하는 색을 선정하였고, 보조 색은 고 채도와 어둡고 무거운 색을 제외한 P, Lgr, Dl, Dp에 해당하는 주조 색과 비슷하거나 약간 어두운 중 명도, 중 채도에 해당하는 색들을 지정하였다. 마지막으로 강조 색은 한국인 단색감성척도를 사용하여 추출한 Y 대학교가 지향하는 이미지 색채와 캠퍼스의 자연 색을 함께 사용하기로 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻을 수 있는 결과물은 자연 색 체계(NCS System)에 기초하고 색채 조화 원리에 의거한 Y 캠퍼스의 지향 이미지 색채를 설정하고, 현재 건축물 색채 및 자연 색채와의 조화를 고려한 배색 팔레트이다. 또한 건축물, 자연 색, Y대학교 지향 이미지를 바탕으로 향후 종합적인 색채 계획에 필요한 색채 팔레트 메뉴얼 제안이 이루어 질 수 있고, 최종적으로 Y 대학교 캠퍼스 이미지 통합을 위한 연구의 보조적 자료로서의 색채 팔레트 제안이 이루어 질 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.837-845
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• 2017

D염색공단의 폴리에스테르 알카리 감량폐수 및 호발폐수가 혼합된 실제 종합염색폐수를 처리하기 위하여 D염색공단의 종합폐수처리장 반송슬러지를 고정한 폐타이어담체를 충전한 재순환 유동상 바이오필터와 소성된 $TiO_2$ 코팅-glass bead를 광촉매담체로 적용한 UV/광촉매반응기를 결합한 재순환 통합시스템을 구축하여 운전하였다. 그 결과로서 재순환 통합시스템의 총 $COD_{cr}$ 제거율과 총 색도 제거율 추이는 각각 약 81% 및 55% 정도를 유지하였다. 이러한 재순환 통합시스템의 총 $COD_{cr}$ 및 총 색도 제거율의 제고효과는 각각 최대 약 7% 및 3%로 평가되었다. 재순환 통합시스템의 유동상 바이오필터 및 광촉매반응공정은 총 제거율에 대한 상대기여도로서 각각 총 $COD_{cr}$ 제거율의 약 94% 및 6%를 처리하고, 총 색도 제거율의 약 86% 및 14%를 처리하였다. 이와 같이 재순환 통합시스템의 광촉매반응공정에서는 총 제거율에 대한 색도 제거율의 상대기여도가 $COD_{cr}$ 제거율의 상대기여도보다 약 2.4배 정도 컸다. 따라서 본 연구의 재순환 통합시스템에서 광촉매반응공정은 $COD_{cr}$ 제거보다 아조결합과 같이 염료에서 색을 나타내는 화학결합을 깨는 역할에 더욱 효율성이 있었다. 또한 본 연구의 재순환 통합시스템에서 각 단위공정들의 $COD_{cr}$ 및 색도 제거율이, 재순환 통합시스템의 총 $COD_{cr}$ 및 색도 제거율에 미치는 영향에 대한 모델식과 대수적 상관관계를 구하고 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2017

Heat treatment of wood is an attractive alternative environmentally-friendly treatment to add value of less valuable woods by improving color, dimensional stability, and natural durability. To improve the color properties of Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) and royal paulownia (Pauwlonia tomentosa), we treated the woods at $160^{\circ}C$, $180^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, and $220^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Color change after heat treatment was evaluated using the CIE-Lab color system and survey was conducted to determine the consumer preferences towards color of heat-treated wood. Lightness ($L^*$) decreased with increasing temperature and the higher degree of change was obtained in royal paulownia. The red/green chromaticity ($a^*$) in both wood decreased after heat treatment at $160^{\circ}C$, and constantly increased after heat treatment at $180^{\circ}C$ to $220^{\circ}C$. Yellow/blue chromaticity ($b^*$) in Korean white pine tended to increase after heat treatment at $160^{\circ}C$, then decreased gradually afterwards. In royal paulownia, $b^*$ values linearly increased with increasing temperature. Overall color change (${\Delta}E^*$) increased with increasing temperature with higher degree obtained in royal paulownia. Samples with the clamps in both wood species showed lower degree of the change in $L^*$, $a^*$, b and ${\Delta}E^*$. The results of the consumer preferences test showed that the darker colors of heat-treated woods were more preferred by consumers compared to the lighter colors of untreated woods. Consequently, heat treatment could enhance the color properties of Korean white pine and royal paulownia woods for value added products.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2016

The purpose of the thesis is to explore ways of improving the quality of urban life by analyzing the Luzinterruptus's work looking for a new perspective on the relationship between environmental color and society. The street artist Luzinterruptus was born in Spain, is a leader in the field of New Genre Public Art brush on a canvas of light in the night. They should seek the views of other common color system and color environments. The method of research is urban design, we consider the concept of the public good understanding, and New Genre Public Art. It also analyzes the environmental color of Luzinterruptus to take advantage of the phenomenology by David Katz color classification. The scope of the thesis is focused on the analysis of the works featured in their website and webzine. Then select a sculpture installation information is stated on the environmental color of their work. The role of environmental color in their work is not an aesthetic experience of harmonious urban landscape was seeking Public Art. The citizens of the area and the installation work themselves. Also it listed as demolition after the exhibition to realize the difference with other people and take advantage to environmental color. Therefore, they the contemporary agenda in many part of narrative takes in the garbage or disposables that you can easily look at our surroundings, In addition, citizens are directly experiencing the fantastic custom-made lights and colors and objects of the oversize as a potential recalls memories. Thus, the use of environmental color comfortable life there is horizontal participation and communication of the 'citizens' critical perspective of the 21st century cumulative cities.