• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.7C
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• pp.421-427
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• 2011

The importance of the real-time object recognition and tracking field has been growing steadily due to rapid advancement in the computer vision applications industry. As is well known, the mean-shift algorithm is widely used in robust real-time object tracking systems. Since the mentioned algorithm is easy to implement and efficient in object tracking computation, many say it is suitable to be applied to real-time object tracking systems. However, one of the major drawbacks of this algorithm is that it always converges to a local mode, failing to perform well in a cluttered environment. In this paper, an Optical Flow-based algorithm which fits for real-time recognition of multiple moving objects is proposed. Also in the tests, the newly proposed method contributed to raising the similarity of multiple moving objects, the similarity was as high as 0.96, up 13.4% over that of the mean-shift algorithm. Meanwhile, the level of pixel errors from using the new method keenly decreased by more than 50% over that from applying the mean-shift algorithm. If the data processing speed in the video surveillance systems can be reduced further, owing to improved algorithms for faster moving object recognition and tracking functions, we will be able to expect much more efficient intelligent systems in this industrial arena.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.3B
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• pp.421-430
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• 2010

Now a days, as a communications network is being broadband, IPTV(Internet Protocol Television) service which provides various two-way TV service is increasing. But as the data which is transmitted between IPTV set-top box and smart card is almost transmitted to set-top box, the illegal user who gets legal authority by approaching to the context of contents illegally using McComac Hack Attack is not prevented perfectly. In this paper, set-top box access security model is proposed which is for the protection from McComac Hack Attack that tries to get permission for access of IPTV service illegally making data line which is connected from smart card to set-top box by using same kind of other set-top box which illegal user uses. The proposed model reports the result of test which tests the user who wants to get permission illegally by registration the information of a condition of smart card which is usable in set-top box in certification server so that it prevents illegal user. Specially, the proposed model strengthen the security about set-top box by adapting public key which is used for establishing neighbor link and inter-certification process though secret value and random number which is created by Pseudo random function.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to verify the most effective spinal stabilization exercises program by comparing the activities of muscles contributing to spinal stabilization during four types of exercises using a sling and a mat. Twenty healthy males were recruited and each subjects performed four types of exercises. Exercise 1 was performed in a quadruped position with the subjects lifting the left arm and the opposite leg on the mat. Exercise 2 was performed in a prone position while holding a sling with the right hand and the left knee was fully extended while lifting the left arm and right leg. Exercise 3 was performed in quadruped position while holding a sling with one the right hand and lifting the opposite arm and leg. In exercise 4, subjects were instructed to maintain a balance push-up position while holding slings with both hands in 10 cm forward reaching with extended elbows. Electromyographic(EMG) activities were recorded from the multifidus, external oblique, internal oblique, abdominal rectus, and erector spinalis muscles during the exercises. The EMG amplitude of each muscle was normalized to the amplitude in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of each muscle. Repeated ANOVA and Bonferroni's tests were used to compare the differences in the muscle activity according to the types of exercise. The EMG amplitudes of all the muscles were significantly different according to the types of exercises (p<.05). The highest EMG activities of each muscle was as follow; multifidus was 73.38%MVIC in exercise 3, the erector spinalis was 40.03%MVIC in exercise 3, the external oblique was 135.88%MVIC in exercise 4, the internal oblique was 128.60%MVIC in exercise 4, and the rectus abdominalis was 95.24%MVIC in Exercise 4. The types of exercises showed a significant difference in composition rate of EMG amplitudes of each muscle (p<.05). EMG composition rate of the multifidus was high in exercise 1 and 3. However, EMG composition rates of the external oblique, internal oblique, and the rectus abdominals were high in exercise 2 and 4. These results showed differences in EMG activities of muscles contributing to trunk stabilization during different therapeutic exercises. Therefore, the type of exercise should be carefully selected to effectively strengthen a specific trunk stabilizer.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.223-234
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• 2013

Poultry industry is abounding day by day as it engrosses less cost of investment per bird as compared to large animals. Poultry have the most copious genomic tool box amongst domestic animals for the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker assisted selection (MAS). Use of multiple markers and least square techniques for mapping of QTL affecting quality and production traits in poultry is in vogue. Examples of genetic tests that are available to or used in industry programs are documented and classified into causative mutations (direct markers), linked markers in population-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the QTL (LD markers), and linked markers in population wide equilibrium with the QTL (LE markers). Development of genome-wide SNP assays, role of 42 K, 60 K (Illumina) and 600 K (Affymetrix$^{(R)}$ Axim$^{(R)}$) SNP chip with next generation sequencing for identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been documented. Hybridization based, PCR based, DNA chip and sequencing based are the major segments of DNA markers which help in conducting of MAS in poultry. Economic index-marker assisted selection (EI-MAS) provides platform for simultaneous selection for production traits while giving due weightage to their marginal economic values by calculating predicted breeding value, using information on DNA markers which are normally associated with relevant QTL. Understanding of linkage equilibrium, linkage dis-equilibrium, relation between the markers and gene of interest are quite important for success of MAS. This kind of selection is the most useful tool in enhancing disease resistance by identifying candidate genes to improve the immune response. The application of marker assisted selection in selection procedures would help in improvement of economic traits in poultry.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1995

To investigate the storage behavior of the defective LWR spent fuel, air-oxidation tests on non-irradiated and irradiated U $O_2$ were performed. The weight gains of non-irradiated U $O_2$ specimens are characterized by the S-shape curves at 250-40$0^{\circ}C$ temperature range. One hundred percent conversion of U $O_2$ to U$_3$ $O_{8}$ corresponds with about 4％ weight increase. The activation energies are 110 kJ/mol above 35$0^{\circ}C$ and 153 kJ/mol below 35$0^{\circ}C$. The irradiated U $O_2$ specimens with about 35 GWD/MTU burnup were oxidized at 300-40$0^{\circ}C$ in air. They show a rapid increase of weight gain at the initial stage and a slow increase at the later stage when compared with non-irradiated U $O_2$. The activation energy under these conditions is 95 kJ/mol. Burnup and aging effects of irradiated U $O_2$ were also investigated at 35$0^{\circ}C$ in air environment, but the specimens appears insensitive to these variables.s.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2007

Despite the risk of high altitude disease (HAD), raising cattle at higher altitudes does have advantages such as beef quality due to minimal chance of infection and stress. The ideal situation is to determine the optimum altitude suitable for raising cattle while at the same time minimizing the risk of HAD. Therefore, in this study, we documented the health status of three groups of steers, raised at three different altitudes (200m, 400m and 800m) in Gangwon province, using routine hematological, biochemical and hormonal tests. The red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentration were highest in the 800m group, and lowest in the 200m group, possibly due to hypoxia induced myeloid and erythroid stimulation. The mean concentration of AST, BUN and serum cortisol were lowest in the 800m. These findings suggest the stress factor will contribute the general health status of animal and indicate a difference in the Hanwoo groups raised at 800m compared to 200m, where the cattle raised at the higher altitude exhibit better health status compared to the lower altitude, possibly due to less stressful environment in the higher altitude.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.843-855
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• 2013

In the modern society with high science and technological level, many people have been tried to mitigate natural disaster. The disaster was so huge that we made special service organization which deal with 'The Natural Disaster Endangered Districts'. But the analysis of the organization's works was inadequate. In order to analyze their regeneration project, this study selected analysis area and did a spot survey. We did validity, reliability tests and statistical data analysis of this survey. We also did reliability analysis of this policy using Structural Equation Model. According to the result, there is a reasonable suitability in 'The Natural Disaster Repair work Policy'. And it also improved spiritual, substantial environment of the surrounding people. The people formed positive awareness about Government Repairing Policy. This 'Natural Disaster Repair work Policy' is essential to improve and develop local community. Therefore it will affect democratic development of society.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: The skin barrier protects skin against a harmful environment. Its function includes an antimicrobial barrier as well as a physical barrier. Stress is harmful to the skin barrier and there are many studies on this, but there are few about the effect of stress during pregnancy on the skin barrier of offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stress during pregnancy on the skin barrier of offspring by examination with the naked eye, cortisol, weight, TEWL and histologic tests. Materials and Methods: Male hairless mice ten weeks old were coupled with females for three days. After twelve days the females were divided into two groups. We stressed one group and not the other group. The offspring from the non-stressed (N group) and stressed (S group) grew up until four weeks. The S group was exposed to chronic mild stress using the chronic stress model protocol modified method of Wilner and Towell for a week. We made examinations with the naked eye, assessment of cortisol, weight, TEWL, and histologic test to contrast the S group with the N group. Statistical analysis was performed by using Mann-Whitney and Friedman test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5% (p<0.05). Results: 1. By making an examination with the naked eye, S group showed papules, creases and dryness on their skin, but N showed no change compared with normal skin. 2. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in cortisol (p>0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in weight. N group had less weight than S group (p<0.05). 4. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in TEWL (p>0.05). 5. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in TEWL recovery (p>0.05). 6. In TEWL and TEWL recovery, there was statistically significant difference by time between S group and N group (p<0.005). Histologically, S group showed a thicker epidermis and epidermal crest than N group. Conclusions: We found that stress during pregnancy has negative effects on the skin barrier of offspring. Though there were no statistically significant differences between S group and N group in TEWL recovery, we found evidence that the recovery of skin barrier function is interrupted by stress during pregnancy by examination with both the naked eye and histology.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 2011

In an effort to isolate novel bacteria for the bioremediation of over-fertilized soils, we identified 135 denitrifying cells out of 3,471 oligotrophic bacteria pools (3.9%) using a denitrification medium supplemented with potassium nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Soil samples were taken from ecologically well-conserved areas, including a mountain swamp around the demilitarized zone (Yongneup), two ecoparks (Upo and the Mujechi bog), and ten representative islands around the Korean peninsula (Jejudo, Daecheongdo, Socheongdo, Baekryeongdo, Ulrungdo, Dokdo, Geomundo, Hongdo, Huksando and Yeonpyeongdo). All of the 135 bacteria produced nitrogen gas from the denitrification medium, and were proved to be nitrate reductase positive by API-BioLog tests. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences revealed that the 135 bacteria consisted of 44 different genera. Along with the most prominent, Proteobacteria (87.4%), we identified denitrifying bacteria from Firmicutes (9.4%), Actinobacteria (2.4%), and Bacteroidetes (0.8%). Physiological analyses of the 44 representative denitrifying bacteria, under various pH levels, growth temperatures and salt stresses, revealed 12 favorable denitrifying strains for soil bioremediation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.316-322
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• 2006

The current study evaluated the technical feasibility of the application of $TiO_2$ photocatalysis for the removal of nocotine which has well known as a representative material of environmental tobacco smoke(ETS). Four different preliminary experiments were performed for the evaluation of nicotine removal using photocatalyst-coated construction materials. The photocatalytic removal of nicotine was investigated for five parameters: dry condition of coating tiles, type of coating sol, number of coatings, relative humidity(RH), and input concentrations. Prior to performing the parameter tests, adsorption of nicotine onto the current experimental system was surveyed. All the variables tested in the present study exhibited to influence the photocatalytic decomposition of Nicotine. A dry condition of high temperature and short dry period presented higher photocatalytic oxidation(PCO) efficiency compared to that of low temperature and long dry period. ST-KO3 sol showed higher decomposition efficiency than E-T Sol. The PCO efficiency increased as the number of coating increased. High humidity and low input concentrations exhibited higher PCO efficiency. Consequently, it is noted that the five parameters tested in the present study should be considered for the application of photocatalyst-coated construction materials in cleaning nicotine in ETS.