• Title/Summary/Keyword: Envelope Tracking (ET)

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Design of an Advanced CMOS Power Amplifier

  • Kim, Bumman;Park, Byungjoon;Jin, Sangsu
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.63-75
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    • 2015
  • The CMOS power amplifier (PA) is a promising solution for highly-integrated transmitters in a single chip. However, the implementation of PAs using the CMOS process is a major challenge because of the inferior characteristics of CMOS devices. This paper focuses on improvements to the efficiency and linearity of CMOS PAs for modern wireless communication systems incorporating high peak-to-average ratio signals. Additionally, an envelope tracking supply modulator is applied to the CMOS PA for further performance improvement. The first approach is enhancing the efficiency by waveform engineering. In the second approach, linearization using adaptive bias circuit and harmonic control for wideband signals is performed. In the third approach, a CMOS PA with dynamic auxiliary circuits is employed in an optimized envelope tracking (ET) operation. Using the proposed techniques, a fully integrated CMOS ET PA achieves competitive performance, suitable for employment in a real system.

CMOS Linear Power Amplifier with Envelope Tracking Operation (Invited Paper)

  • Park, Byungjoon;Kim, Jooseung;Cho, Yunsung;Jin, Sangsu;Kang, Daehyun;Kim, Bumman
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2014
  • A differential-cascode CMOS power amplifier (PA) with a supply modulator for envelope tracking (ET) has been implemented by 0.18 ${\mu}m$ RF CMOS technology. The loss at the output is minimized by implementing the output transformer on a FR-4 printed circuit board (PCB). The CMOS PA utilizes the $2^{nd}$ harmonic short at the input to enhance the linearity. The measurement was done by the 10MHz bandwidth 16QAM 6.88 dB peak-to-average power ratio long-term evolution (LTE) signal at 1.85 GHz. The ET operation of the CMOS PA with the supply modulator enhances the power-added efficiency (PAE) by 2.5, to 10% over the stand-alone CMOS PA for the LTE signal. The ET PA achieves a PAE of 36.5% and an $ACLR_{E-UTRA}$ of -32.7 dBc at an average output power of 27 dBm.

Dual Bias Modulator for Envelope Tracking and Average Power Tracking Modes for CMOS Power Amplifier

  • Ham, Junghyun;Jung, Haeryun;Bae, Jongsuk;Lim, Wonseob;Hwang, Keum Cheol;Lee, Kang-Yoon;Park, Cheon-Seok;Yang, Youngoo
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.802-809
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    • 2014
  • This paper presents a dual-mode bias modulator (BM) for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifiers (PAs). The BM includes a hybrid buck converter and a normal buck converter for an envelope tracking (ET) mode for high output power and for an average power tracking (APT) mode for low output power, respectively. The dual-mode BM and CMOS PA are designed using a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process for the 1.75 GHz band. For the 16-QAM LTE signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 7.3 dB and a bandwidth of 5 MHz, the PA with the ET mode exhibited a poweradded efficiency (PAE) of 39.2%, an EVM of 4.8%, a gain of 19.0 dB, and an adjacent channel leakage power ratio of -30 dBc at an average output power of 22 dBm, while the stand-alone PA has a PAE of 8% lower at the same condition. The PA with APT mode has a PAE of 21.3%, which is an improvement of 13.4% from that of the stand-alone PA at an output power of 13 dBm.

Study of Improved Efficiency Circuit for Envelope Tracking Amplifier in Cellular Radio Handset (샐룰러용 단말기의 포락선 추적 증폭기의 효율 개선회로에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Byeong-Koo;Kang, In-Ho;Sim, Jun-Hwan;Park, Dong-Kook;Kim, Joo-Yoen
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.39 no.9
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    • pp.44-50
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    • 2002
  • Recently, a envelope tracking(ET) amplifier that improves efficiency by changing of the bias according to the RF input level is presented to use for a high power amplifier of cellular radio handset using CDMA. The input and the output impedances of the ET amplifier may be varied by changing of the bias of the amplifier, and it makes the amplifier having low gain, low efficiency, and high input and output VSWR. In order to improve the input and the output mismatch of the amplifier, in this paper, two types of ET amplifier are suggested. In case of an ET amplifier using varactor diode, in experimentation, gain is improved about 7dB and the power consumption of the amplifier is better about 60% than that of the conventional amplifier. In case of a base voltage controlled ET amplifier, the gain and power consumption of the amplifier is improved about 9dB and 40% than those of the conventional amplifier, respectively.

Design of High Efficiency Underwater Power Amplifier for Parametric Array Transducer (Parametric Array Transducer를 위한 고효율 수중전력증폭기의 설계)

  • Shim, Jae-Hyeok;Kim, In-Dong;Nho, Eui-Cheol;Moon, Won-Kyu;Kim, Won-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2013.11a
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    • pp.29-30
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    • 2013
  • 본 논문에서는 수중통신용 Parametric Array Transducer를 구동하기 위한 고효율 전력증폭기를 제안한다. 수중전력증폭기는 증폭부와 전원부로 나뉘며 증폭부는 Class B push-pull type의 전력증폭기를 사용하며 전력증폭기 구동을 위한 전원부는 기존의 일정전압이 아닌 가변전압을 얻는 Phase-shifted PWM AC/DC 컨버터를 사용하여 고효율로 동작한다. 증폭부는 Class B push-pull type 증폭기를 사용함으로써 뛰어난 선형성이 보장되며 전원 또한 ET(Envelope Tracking)기술을 적용한 가변전압 AC/DC컨버터를 사용하여 고효율로 동작한다. 본 논문에서는 고 효율 수중전력증폭기와 가변전압 AC/DC컨버터의 전력회로를 제시하고 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 특성을 확인하였으며, 수중음향센서를 위한 전력증폭기로 유용하게 사용 될 것을 예상한다.

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Design of variable DC-DC Converter for improved efficiency of Power Amplifier in Underwater Communication System (수중통신용 전력증폭기의 효율 향상을 위한 가변 DC-DC 컨버터의 설계)

  • Kim, Seul-Gi;Lee, Chang-Yeol;Kim, In-Dong;Nho, Eui-Cheol;Moon, Won-Kyu;Kim, Won-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2011.11a
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    • pp.181-182
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    • 2011
  • 수중에서는 대기와는 달리 매질의 차이로 인하여 통신의 제약이 따르므로 초음파를 이용하여 정보를 송 수신한다. 수중통신을 하기 위해서는 신호를 증폭시키는 전력증폭기와 초음파를 발생시키는 트랜스듀서가 필요하다. 전력증폭기는 수중에서의 발열과 연료문제로 인하여 높은 효율로 동작하여야한다. 하지만 전력증폭기에 인가되는 고정전압과 출력전압의 차이로 인해 손실이 발생하여 효율이 저하된다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 전력증폭기의 효율 향상을 위해 출력전압에 따라 인가전압을 가변하는 ET(Envelope Tracking) 기술을 적용하기 위한 4[kW]급, 20[kHz]의 대역폭을 갖는 가변 DC-DC 컨버터를 설계하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 특성을 확인하였다.

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Design of Power Amplifier for Stepped Plate Transducer (Stepped Plate Transducer를 위한 전력증폭기의 설계)

  • Kim, Seul-Gi;Kim, In-Dong;Nho, Eui-Cheol;Moon, Won-Kyu;Kim, Won-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2011.07a
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    • pp.232-233
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    • 2011
  • 수중에서는 대기와는 달리 매질의 차이로 인하여 통신의 제약이 따르므로 초음파를 이용하여 정보를 송 수신한다. 수중통신을 하기 위해서는 초음파를 발생시키는 트랜스듀서와 신호를 증폭시키는 전력증폭기가 필요하다. 전력증폭기는 선형적인 출력이 보장되어야 하며, 수중에서의 연료문제로 인하여 높은 효율로 동작하여야한다. 하지만 출력의 선형성과 시스템의 효율은 Trade off의 관계이기 때문에 두 가지 모두를 만족시키는 연구가 요구된다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 Class B push-pull 증폭기를 사용하여 선형 출력 특성을 보장하며, 신호의 크기에 따라 증폭기의 인가전압을 가변하는 ET(Envelope Tracking) 기술을 적용하여 향상된 효율 특성을 갖는 넓은 대역폭의 전력증폭기를 설계하고 실험을 통해 특성을 확인하였다.

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