• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

This study is a study on the entrepreneurial characteristics of entrepreneurship by marketing competency. This study examines the relationship between the characteristics of entrepreneurs and their marketing competence, and examines the effects of these characteristics on entrepreneurial performance. The results of the empirical analysis show that the characteristics of entrepreneurs influence on entrepreneurship performance. Second, marketing competence affects entrepreneurial performance. Third, it is found that the characteristics of entrepreneurs influence the entrepreneurial performance according to marketing competence. Therefore, this study confirms that the characteristics of entrepreneurs and marketing competence affect the performance of entrepreneurship, and that the characteristics of entrepreneurs influence the entrepreneurship performance according to marketing competence. Therefore, It is significant to provide theory and implications.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.189-206
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper attempted to verify the process by which a multinational corporation (MNC)'s subsidiary practices entrepreneurship to create effective knowledge (KC) in the local market. We have looked at whether subsidiary entrepreneurship (SENT) has a moderation effect in creating knowledge for the local market when a subsidiary has been given autonomy (AUT) from the headquarters (HQ). We also argue that when a subsidiary creates meaningful knowledge, the effect of the increased status by the HQ within the MNC network position (NP) has an indirect effect on whether knowledge is transferred to other overseas subsidiaries (KTO). Design/methodology - This paper used a structural equation model (SEM) of 282 effective foreign companies invested in Korea. To test the hypothesis about the process of SENT on KTO, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, convergent and discriminant validities, and common method bias were analyzed using STATA. In addition, the moderation effect was verified along with SEM. The moderation effect of AUT on SENT and KC was presented graphically by confirming \mathrm{\pm1} standard deviation of AUT for the main effect. Findings - Our findings are as follows. First, while the hypothesis about the direct effect of SENT and KC on KTO was not supported, all other hypotheses were supported. Second, both the AUT and moderating effect and the indirect effect of NP were significant. In the conclusion, these findings are discussed in relation to its various theoretical and practical implications. Originality/value - This study attempted to contribute to the knowledge creation theory of MNC by contemplating how subsidiaries can move away from HQ and grow in the local market. Although there is still a shortage of foreign investment in the Korean market, our practical implications offer guidance for how current subsidiaries can develop more than other overseas subsidiaries.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

Purpose - to examine the theories related to the internationalization of multinational corporations as well as theories related to internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology - traditional theories, e.g. eclectic paradigm and behavioral theory and product life cycle etc. were examined and recent advances theories - network theory, entrepreneurship - were also examined to outline the theory of internationalization of firm. Results - the main schools of international researches are divided into two; one is the economics school, the other is the behavioral school. The economics school has considered internationalization as a pattern of investment in foreign markets explained by rational economic analysis of internalization, ownership, and location advantages. Apart from the economics approach, a theory relevant to smaller firms highlights slow and incremental overseas market commitment. Recent research on the network perspective is fast emerging and it can be applied and well explained on the internationalization of smaller firms, focusing on firm behavior in the context of a network of interorganizational and inter-personal relationships Conclusions - Small medium-sized enterprises have been recently rising, however, there has still been little consolidation of literature in internationalization and most of the relevant theories have been still focusing on explaining the globalization of multinational corporations. Little studied on the internationalization in the context of smaller firms which are distinctly differentiated from larger firms including international new ventures, which the motivation to study strongly calls for more information and studied on small medium-sized enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.14-28
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• 2023

The spin-off where the principal technology developers take the lead in the active and initiative pursuit of the commercialization of technologies is increasingly drawing attention, breaking away from the traditional means through the technology transfer or licensing of the public technologies created by the developers. This study aimed to determine the reasons for such differences from the perspective of the institutional theory. The results show that only the start-up support system, profit distribution system for researchers, degree of participation in the technology marketing, entrepreneurship of researchers, the use of start-up systems affected the number of start-ups of spin-off companies. Furthermore, an analysis of success factors and a study on the exploration of success paths for the RSOs will also be required

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

Under the international business circumstance, global supply chain management is considered a vital strategic challenge to small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) suffering from deficient resources and capabilities to exploit overseas markets comparing with large corporations. That is because they can expand their business domains into overseas markets by establishing strategic alliances with global supply chain partners. Although a wide range of previous researches have emphasized the cooperative networks in the chain, most are ignoring the importance of developing relational characteristics such as trust and reciprocity with the partners. Besides, verifying the relational factors influencing firms' export performances, some studies proposed different and inconsistent factors. According to the social capital theory, which is the social quality and networks facilitating close cooperation of inter-individual and inter-organization, provides the integrated view to identify the relational characteristics in the aspects of network, trust and reciprocal norm. Meanwhile, a number of researchers shows that global entrepreneurship is the internal and intangible resource necessary to promote SMEs' internationalization. Upon closer examination, however, they cannot explain clearly its influencing mechanism in the inter-firm cooperative relationships. This study is to verify the effect of social capital accumulated within global supply chain on SMEs' qualitative and quantitative export performance. In addition, we shed new light on global entrepreneurship expected to be concerned with the formation of social capital and the enhancement of export performances. For this purpose, the questionnaires, developed through literature review, were collected from 192 Korean SMEs affiliated in Korean Medium Industries Association and Global Chief Executive Officer's Club focusing on their memberships' international business. As a result of multi-regression analysis, the social capital - network, trust and reciprocal norm shared with global supply chain partner - as well as global entrepreneurship - innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking - have positive effect on SMEs' export performances. Also global entrepreneurship affects positively social capital which has mediating effect partially in the relationship between global entrepreneurship and performances. These results means that there is a structural process - global entrepreneurship(input), social capital(output), and export performances(outcome). In other words, a firm should consistently invest in and develop the social capital with global supply chain partners in order to achieve common goals, establish strategic collaborations and obtain long-term export performances. Furthermore, it is required to foster the global entrepreneurship in an organization so as to build up the social capital. More detailed practical issues and discussion are made in the conclusion.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. Further, the paper aims to study the moderating effect of regulatory focus in the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. As per regulatory focus theory, individuals have different goal attainment approaches and underlying motivations; this posits two distinct orientations: promotion focus and prevention focus. Consequently, we hypothesize that the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention would differ depending on the individual's regulatory focus, either promotion or prevention. In order to test the hypotheses, we select a random sample of 494 entrepreneurship students at six universities across the country. The analysis includes a survey of 309 students. The results indicate that students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a positive effect on their intention to become entrepreneurs. Further, regulatory focus moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, the impact of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention is greater in promotion-focused students than in prevention-focused students. The results highlight the need for education methodology that enhances students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy and specialized entrepreneurship education for prevention-focused students.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2018

Creativity, entrepreneurship, and technological innovation orientation are key factors for technological innovation. The main driver of technological innovation in the enterprise is the executives of the firm. According to the Upper Echelons Theory of D.C. Hambrick(2007), the creativity of the managerial individual will be put into various aspects within the organization's innovation system. The organizational innovation system is positively influenced by the creativity of the executives, and is achieved by manifesting innovation orientation and technological innovation orientation with innovative performances. The purpose of this study is to investigate using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM), whether individual creativity of executives of 132 companies with research organizations among domestic semiconductor companies in Korea influences innovation performance of firms through entrepreneurship orientation and technology innovation orientation. We applied the personal creativity level measurement index, the entrepreneurial orientation measurement factor, and the technology innovation orientation measurement factor identified in the previous research literature. The results of the Structural Equation Modeling analysis show that the creativity of executives have a positive (+) relationship with the innovation performance of firms when they are only mediated by technological innovation orientation, and entrepreneurial orientation. On the other hand, the results of the SEM shows the direct effects between the creativity of executives and innovation performance are not statistically valid. As a result, the individual creativity of executives who lead the innovation of the firm, entrepreneurial orientation, and technological innovation orientation of the researcher organization are very important factors and an inseparable relationship for the successful innovation of the firms.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.35-49
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is by using the Grounded Theory method to examine the process of starting a business in an online shopping mall for young self-employed people with experience in using Company N's Partner Square (Gwangju), a startup infrastructure institution. In this study, in-depth interview survey data were used, and theoretical sampling method was used in the selection of study participants. After proceeding in the order of open coding, axis coding, and selective coding suggested by Strauss & Corbin, it was analyzed with a paradigm model. The main research results are as follows. First, even when parents were unaware about online shopping malls or had a negative mindset about it, but they had a positive mindset about their children's start-ups, it was found that their children tended to start online shopping mall businesses. However, if parents had a negative mindset about online shopping malls and about their children's start-up, then the child could not start an online shopping mall business. Second, it was found that the ability to use online shopping malls is important as a condition for entrepreneurship and achievement in online shopping malls for young people. In particular, Partner Square (Gwangju) was found to increase the ability to use online shopping malls and positively influence startups in online shopping malls. Third, it was found that young people have increased their self-esteem, discovering opportunities, and reinforcing their creativity, in addition to simply increasing their sales after starting the online shopping mall.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.145-155
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• 2018

The matter of cultivating entrepreneurship and will to start a business of university students majoring in agriculture and life sciences and college students majoring in agriculture as a future leader in the sector is a very important object of study. However, the discussion on entrepreneurship, establishment of a business and venture based on creative technology and innovative management have been scarcely had, because traditionally the majority of agricultural business has been a small-sized and simple business run by a small farmer. Education for starting an agricultural business in agriculture industry has been ignored even in the developed countries. ICT and AI(artificial intelligence)-based smart agriculture in the 4th Industrial Revolution Age is emerging as a new growth potential of our agriculture industry. Thus, the interest in farmers to start a business and venture agriculture is growing in the agriculture industry. Accordingly, the study draws the influence factors regarding the effect of the planned behavior of the university students who take part in the education course for starting an agricultural business and an agricultural venture business on entrepreneurship and will to start the business and conducts the empirical analysis. The businessmen who newly join the agriculture industry should perform the technical innovation and the creative business activities to be able to compete in the agriculture industry.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 2015

This Research is based on the theory of the prior researches that have demonstrated a positive impact of the entrepreneurship and competitive advantages on business performance. And the purpose of this research which approaches in the viewpoint of combining a entrepreneurial attribute including two factors(entrepreneurship and commercialization capabilities) and the differentiated competitive advantage as a role of core competence is to examine how the combined competence affects the business performance. In order to achieve this purpose, we conduct a survey for CEO of 250 small firms which belong to the start-up phase and are located in the 6 administrative region with the assistance of Small & Medium Business Administration representatives and analyze empirically the survey data by utilizing statistical program(Spss 18.0). As the results, we conclude that the entrepreneurial attributes of small firms' CEO and DFCA have a positive impact on business performance respectively and the entrepreneurship, one of the two entrepreneurial factors, has a positive impact on choosing DFCA. Also we report that DFCA plays a mediating role with regards to relationship between entrepreneurial attributes and business performance. Therefore, this research suggests the followings: First, the CEO of start-up business should focus on building a differential competitive advantage which is the basis for creating competitiveness from the initial point. Secondly, he should make a alignment for core competencies, in order to reach the stable growth phase in the shortest period, through which the entrepreneurial attributes is to be inherent as a discriminatory competitive competence. Third, he should promote to establish a business strategy based on strengthening of entrepreneurship and discriminatory competitive as a growth strategy during start-up phase.