• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.399-407
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• 2020

The paper examines social entrepreneurial intention through outcome expectations. The proposed model incorporates outcome expectations from social cognitive career theory and theory of planned behaviors. The study also introduces a scale for outcome expectations in social entrepreneurship, including solving social problems, innovation, family tradition of social involvement, meaning in life, prestige and social recognition, competitive and favorite job and wealth. A survey of 279 students was conducted through face-to-face structured interviews. The confirm factor analysis and technique of structural equation modeling were used to explore relationships among latent constructs. Research results show that the outcomes impact only through three determinants of theory of planned behavior and do not have significant impact to social entrepreneurial intention. It suggests that outcome expectations may be a flexible factor. Individual outcome expectations can shift to motivations when facing favorable conditions such as family support, government support, etc. The findings suggest that the ability to predict social entrepreneurial intention of attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The proposed model in this study contributes importantly to the emerging literature on entrepreneurial intention, particularly to social entrepreneurial intention. This study is also the first quantitative study to measure the impact of outcome expectations on social entrepreneurial intention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2079-2086
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• 2012

In this paper, the relation model for three important entrepreneurial entities are studied based on the expectation theory for entrepreneurs. The three entrepreneurial entities include entrepreneurial expectancy, entrepreneurial outcome and expect growth intentions. In this study, the entrepreneurial expectancy is defined as the expectation about establishment, while entrepreneurial outcome and expect growth are related to entrepreneur's dominant idea for enterprises' operation and management. Based on the investigation data via questionnaire for 489 subjects, the relation model hypothesis for the three entrepreneurial entities is tested using structural equation model analysis. According to the analysis result, arguments can be made that entrepreneurial expectancy can have a significant positive effect on realization of successful entrepreneurial activities, and entrepreneurial outcome may have a significant positive effect on realization of expect growth intentions. Therefore, a kind of mutual promotion model can be observed among the three entrepreneurial entities. In addition, the proposed relation model is applied to both Korean and Chinese entrepreneur, and their differences are compared and discussed.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.11-23
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• 2020

Many former studies for the entrepreneurial intention dealt with the opportunity-driven motivation, but the actual entrepreneurial motivation is the necessity-driven motivation such as maintaining a living. It is necessary to study the necessity-driven factors for entrepreneurship such as employment barriers and job dissatisfaction. This study focused on the fact that the majority of cultural artists are freelancers or self-employed entrepreneurs. For those who majored in culture and arts, this study was conducted to investigate how an individual's internal and external environment affects the entrepreneurial intention considering the theory of planned behavior. I explored the factors that led individuals to choose entrepreneurial intention between employment and entrepreneurship, and studied the relationship between these factors and the entrepreneurial intention. As the result of the study, the job dissatisfaction and the employment barriers were the pressure factors for entrepreneurship. Job satisfaction had a negative effect on the entrepreneurial outcome expectation and the entrepreneurial intention. The perceived employment barrier had a positive effect on the entrepreneurial outcome expectation and the entrepreneurial intention. An individual's risk-taking orientation is one of the entrepreneurship and had the positive effect on the entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The entrepreneurial outcome expectation and the entrepreneurial self-efficacy had a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-47
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of prep-entrepreneurs psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, this study established Positive psychological capital and Public self-consciousness as variables of psychological characteristics based on Social Identity Theory and, as factors affecting Positive psychological capital and Public self-consciousness, established Narcissism, Self-compassion and Career ambition as independent variables based on self-affirmation Theory. In order to verify research hypotheses, 358 questionnaires collected from prep-entrepreneurs were used for the empirical analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, narcissism and self-compassion has a positive effect on positive psychological capital. Second, career ambition has a positive effect on public self-consciousness. Third, positive psychological capital and public self-consciousness has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. As the outcome of Mediating effect positive psychological capital and public self-consciousness has a Mediating effect on the relationship between narcissism, self-compassion, career ambition and entrepreneurial intention. This study has a meaning in that it confirmed the influential relationship between the prep-entrepreneurs' psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, this study suggested its implications, limitations, and future research directions based on the study results.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention, and analyze how social support gained through social relations influences on the relation between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. This study outcome is as in the following. First, both general corporate and preliminary social entrepreneur are to examine that entrepreneurial self-efficacy positively influences the entrepreneurial intention. Second, in the case of the social support, it didn't influence on preliminary general corporate. And only feedback support and instrument support are related to influence on preliminary social entrepreneur among social supports. This study shall have a significance in using the result of previous studies that entrepreneurial self-efficacy influences on entrepreneurial intention by looking into moderating effect of social support, classifying general corporate and preliminary social entrepreneur who have the entrepreneurial intention.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.27-43
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• 2020

Recently, there has been growing interest in entrepreneurial universities. Accordingly, this study discussed the paradigm shift from traditional university roles to entrepreneurial universities and conducted case analysis of Oxford University, Stanford University and Berlin Institute of Technology from the perspective of ambidextrous strategies of universities. Universities are emphasizing the importance of academic capitalism through market activities as well as the educational and research-oriented role to adapt and survive the rapidly changing uncertain environment. Therefore, many studies related to this have been conducted. This paper discusses the background and necessity of the transformation from traditional universities to entrepreneurial universities, and applies the case of a university that has been successful in transforming into an entrepreneurial universities and creating excellent outcome in terms of ambidextrous strategy. Specifically, this study examined the structural, contextual, and leadership perspectives as a antecedents for ambidextrous strategy. This paper expects not only to introduce cases but also to be used as reference for adapting to future paradigm shifts to entrepreneurial universities and setting the direction of universities.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.37-45
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• 2013

Purpose - Appropriate response to the fast changing economic environment determines SMEs' competiveness in the era of globalization and open market and, therefore, government policies to strengthen SME's competitiveness will be very important in the future. It is time to investigate the element of strategic orientation that is necessary for strengthening the competitiveness of SMEs, and its effect on the success of a business start-up. This study analyzes the network orientation in addition to existing strategic orientation, and focuses on price and quality management capability as mediators for strategic orientation and outcomes of business start-ups. Research design/data/methodology - The orientations of technology-based business founders were classified into market, technology, network, and entrepreneurial orientation. We then investigated the effect of these orientations on product price and quality management capability, as well as the influence of price and quality management capability on the outcome of a business start-up. This study is based on the nation-wide survey of the founders and members of technology-based business establishments. The survey was administered to 300 selected companies via email for a period of one month, at the end of which 175 companies replied with valid answers. Further, for effective and objective research, we used SPSS 14.0 and Amos 7.0 for structural equation modeling assumptions and hypothesis verification. Results - Except for entrepreneurial orientation, the other three orientations, namely, technology, market, and network orientations, affect the price management capability according to our results. The price management capability relates significantly with the sales and customer satisfaction. Especially, technology orientation is the core competency of start-ups that affects price and quality management capabilities. However, technology and entrepreneurial orientation do not influence the outcome of business start-ups, but affect their quality management capabilities. Conclusions - This study confirms that the strategic orientation affects product price as well as quality management capabilities, to introduce new products and achieve successful outcomes. In conclusion, new business founders face the dilemma of trade-off between price and quality in the planning stage of new product development. In particular, price management capability directly affects the outcome. Therefore, price management is more important for a successful start-up than quality management. Especially, during the initial stages of starting up a new business, price management capability entails following the market-leading company, or price penetration strategy. In this stage, price management is dependent on the information from outside rather than on the founder's decision, and it directly affects sales performance and customer satisfaction. In contrast, quality management capability is directly related to the technology capability and market experience of founders. In this case, subjective and proactive decision making is required for differentiation and development of demand in the niche market, which does not directly influence the sales performance and customer satisfaction.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.117-127
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• 2018

When we face an unexpected challenge, should we stick to the original plan and persevere through the series of challenges? Or shall we pivot and transform our original plan into something new by taking into account the newly acquired information? This perennial question of perseverance versus pivot as two competing problem-solving strategies has puzzled our every day lives. In this study, based on the large-scale, nation-wide survey on entrepreneurship, I found that individual entrepreneurial orientation, which consists of innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness, promotes an individual's tendency to choose new problems to solve. Perseverance strategy was found to positively moderates the relationship between innovativeness and the tendency to choose new problems to solve, whereas the relationship between risk-taking and the tendency to choose new problems to solve was found to be negatively moderated by perseverance strategy. Pivot strategy, on the other hand, was found to be positively moderates the relationship between proactiveness and the tendency to choose new problems to solve. These findings contributes to the stream of individual entrepreneurial orientation research by empirically testing two competing problem-solving strategies of perseverance and pivot to show their interaction effects with entrepreneurial orientation. Also the findings of this study expand the potential outcome of entrepreneurial orientation by adding an individual's tendency to choose new problems to solve rather than what he or she has already experienced before.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.113-132
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• 2019

The degree of females' participation in corporate activity has been recently increased over the world and females' participation in economic activity may be new dynamic fuel for the Korean economy that falls into the vicious cycle of low growth. Start-up, therefore, has increasingly taken attention as an opportunity for females whose careers were interrupted to re-enter the labor market. The need for studies that examine factors influencing the decision of start-up is also increased along with the increase of the ratio of females' start-up. This study aims to verify effects of the women's characteristics(women discrimination, women's role conflict) and the human networks of females whose careers were interrupted, with the intention for entrepreneurial intention, which are mediated by personal attitudes and subjective norm suggested by Ajzen's Theory of Reasoned Action, based on an empirical research. The findings show that the human networks of females have an effect on attitudes toward start-up activity and subjective norm and the woman discrimination influence the personal attitudes. In contrast, the women's role conflict have no effect on both personal attitude toward start-up activity and subjective norm. This can be supposed as an outcome resulted from the subjects' low level of conflict caused by their sex roles, on their age distribution. The relation between subjective norm and entrepreneurial Intention seemed to be moderated by their perceived strong entrepreneurial supporting policy. Their attitudes toward start-up activity were found to have a mediating effect on the relation between the women discrimination, human networks and entrepreneurial Intention, while the subjective norm only mediated the relation between human networks and entrepreneurial Intention. Based on such results, this study attempts to suggest theoretical suggestions and the direction of various entrepreneurial supporting policy for the increase and the growth of start-up of females whose careers were interrupted, in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.106-121
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• 2016

While economic crises are happening internationally due to the global financial crisis and the long-term recession of the domestic economy, South Korea is also experiencing an aging society with the retirement of the baby-boomers and a low birth-rate. The rapid retirement of baby-boomers, which is one of the essential parts of the Korean economy, is ongoing. Consequently, the number of seniors showing interest in entrepreneurship, as a way to avoid the economic threat, is increasing. Therefore, this study examined the correlation between two factors and its success, which can be stated as the influence of decision making in entrepreneurship and the influence of promotion policies to entrepreneurship. A survey was taken from 393 people, who received academic and managerial assistance from the Senior-Founded Support Center of Small Business Market Corporation and Adults Incubators of Seoul-Business Agency. and 'Hypothesis 1-1' and 'Hypothesis 2-2' were selected, because a positive effect was derived at each verification process. As a result, under the decision making types of entrepreneurship, only a reasonable type showed a positive effect at both the financial outcome and non-financial outcome of success, and the intuitive type was affected positively by the non-financial outcome. In addition, under the entrepreneur supporting business, among financial support, managerial support and educational support only managerial support had a positive effect.