• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1491-1499
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• 2017

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is transformed from trimethylamine (TMA) through hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenases, can promote atherosclerosis. TMA is produced from dietary carnitine, phosphatidylcholine, and choline via the gut microbes. Previous works have shown that some small molecules, such as allicin, resveratrol, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol, are used to reduce circulating TMAO levels. However, the use of bacteria as an effective therapy to reduce TMAO levels has not been reported. In the present study, 82 isolates were screened from healthy Chinese fecal samples on a basal salt medium supplemented with TMA as the sole carbon source. The isolates belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae, particularly to genera Klebsiella, Escherichia, Cronobacter, and Enterobacter. Serum TMAO and cecal TMA levels were significantly decreased in choline-fed mice treated with Enterobacter aerogenes ZDY01 compared with those in choline-fed mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline. The proportions of Bacteroidales family S24-7 were significantly increased, whereas the proportions of Helicobacteraceae and Prevotellaceae were significantly decreased through the administration of E. aerogenes ZDY01. Results indicated that the use of probiotics to act directly on the TMA in the gut might be an alternative approach to reduce serum TMAO levels and to prevent the development of atherosclerosis and "fish odor syndrome" through the effect of TMA on the gut microbiota.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2016

An auxin-producing bacteria (strain 5-1) was isolated from button mushroom compost in Boryeong-Si, Chungcheongnam-Do. The 5-1 strain was classified as a novel strain of Enterobacter aerogenes based on chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. The isolated E. aerogenes 5-1 was confirmed to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), one of the auxin hormones, using TLC and HPLC analyses. When the concentration of IAA was assessed by performing HPLC quantitative analysis, a maximum concentration of IAA of $109.9mgL^{-1}$ was detected in the culture broth incubated in R2A medium containing 0.1% L-tryptophan for 24 h at $35^{\circ}C$. Acidification of the culture was deemed caused by an increase of IAA because a negative relationship between IAA production and pH was observed. Supplementation with a known precursor of IAA production, L-tryptophan, appeared to induce maximal production at 0.1% concentration, but it reduced production at concentrations above 0.2%. To investigate the growth-promoting effects to crops, the culture broth of E. aerogenes 5-1 was used to inoculate water cultures and seed pots of mung bean and lettuce. In consequence, adventitious root induction and root growth of mung bean and lettuce were two times higher than those of the control.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.318-326
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• 2016

Two phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Pantoea rodasii PSB-11and Enterobacter aerogenes PSB-12, were isolated from button mushroom compost and employed to assess their synergistic effect in liquid medium and on growth of green gram plants by single and co-inoculation of the strains. Co-inoculation of two strains was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus ($521{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of Pantoea strain ($485{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) and Enterobacter strain ($470{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$). However, there was no significant difference between single inoculation of bacterial strain and co-inoculation of two bacterial strains in terms of phosphorous release. The highest pH reduction, organic acid production and glucose consumption was observed in the E. aerogenes PSB-12 single inoculated culture medium rather than those of co-inoculation. According to the plant growth promotion bioassay, co-inoculated mung bean seedlings recorded 10.6% and 10.7% higher shoot and root growth respectively compared to the control. Therefore, in concluding, co-inoculation of the strains P. rodasii and E. aerogenes displayed better performance in stimulating plant growth than inoculation of each strain alone. However, being short assessment period of the present study, we recommend in engaging further works under field conditions in order to test the suitability of the strains to be used as bio-inoculants.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.214.1-214
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• 1996

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.258-267
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the growth and biogenic amines (BA) formation of Enterobacter aerogenes CIH05 in skim milk and soymilk. Lactobacillus acidophilus GK20, Lactobacillus paracasei GK74, and Lactobacillus plantarum GK81 isolated from mustard kimchi did not produce BA in the decarboxylation broth. L. paracasei GK74 exhibited the highest cell viability and antimicrobial compounds producing ability in fermented skim milk and soymilk samples, while the lowest producer was L. plantarum GK81. The production yield of lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and bacteriocin was dependent on the species of Lactobacillus and the type of culture medium. As LAB the number of viable cells of E. aerogenes CIH05 were higher in skim milk than in soymilk. When mixed culture with L. acidophilus GK20 and L. paracasei GK74 and treated with bacteriocin solution (300 AU/ml) obtained from these strains in milk media, the cell growth and cadaverine and histamine contents of E. aerogenes CIH05 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the respective values in control sample.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1472-1478
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• 2004

The effects of microorganisms inoculated in beef, pork and chicken on the production of various biogenic amines (BA) were examined. Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila, Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus alimentarius, Lactobacillus curvatus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Mesenteroides, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aerugina, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium were inoculated into beef, pork and chicken and incubated for 24 h at optimum temperatures of each bacterium. In ground beef, total amount of amines (TAA) produced was highest in the sample inoculated with Bacillus cereus, followed by Enterobacter cloacae. In ground pork, TAA was highest in the sample inoculated with Alcaligenes faecalis, followed by Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus cereus. TAA of chicken breast was highest in the sample inoculated with Alcaligenes faecalis, followed by Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus alimentarius while in chicken leg was the sample inoculated with Proteus vulgaris, followed by Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae and Alcaligenes faecalis. Among biogenic amines produced, cadaverine (CAD) was detected at the highest level, followed by putrescine (PUT) and tyramine (TYM), their order being reversed by the kind of microorganism in beef and pork. In chicken breast and leg, CAD level was still the highest but PUT, TYM or PHM was the second highest, depending upon the kind of microorganism inoculated. In total, Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus cereus were ones that produced a larger amount of BAs regardless of meat sources from different species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.994-1000
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• 1994

Hot water extract from mugwort (Artemisia asiatica nakai) leaves and tea inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis by adding to the nutrient broth 1.0% and 0.5% concentration, respectively. Among the important compounds that contributing mugwort like flavor to the mugwort leaves and tea were considered, authenic compound of thujone, caryophyllene and farnesol showed bactericidal effect for Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Vibrio paraheaemolyticus, Psudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus when teste by paper disc method ( 8 mm diameter). The mixture of caryophyllene and farnesol was more bactericidal effect for various bacteria than the mixture of thujone, caryophyllene and farnesol was more bactericidal effect for various bacteria that the mixture of thujone, caryophyllene and farnesol or each compounds . Especially, the mixture of caryophyllene and farnesol showed strong bactericidal effect (diameter of inhibition zone>40mm) for Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Enterobacter aerogenes and BAcillus subtilis.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.178-182
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• 2007

During 2006, the antibiotic resistance rate were investigated in gram negative bacteria. Resistance to piperacillin were detected at 60% in Escherichia coli, and 37% in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ceftriaxone were detected 58% in Enterobacter cloacae, 52% in Acinetobacter baumannii, 43% in Enterobacter aerogenes and 76% were detected in Serratia marcescens. Between 1998 and 2007 antibiotic resistance rate were decreased in seven types antibiotic drugs. but, ceftazidime were increased from 12 to 20% during this times. In addition, E. coli, E. cloacae, A. baumannii and E. aerogenes were more isolated from May to June and K. pneumoniae and S. marcescens were more isolated from July to September. We should monitor and control antibiotic use and regularly survey antibiotic resistance patterns among pathogens in the hospital.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.334-339
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• 1987

Enzymatic conversion of pyruvic acid produced by microorganism to tryptophan was investigated. A luminescent bacteria. Beneckea sp., was used for the production of pyruvic acid. As a source of tryptophanase which synthesizes tryptophan from pyruvic acid, indole and ammonia, whole cells of Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 10031 were used directly in the reaction mixture. To increase the production of tryptophan, nonionic detergents and nonaqeous organic solvents were used ms reserviors of indole in the reaction mixture. In the case of nonionic detergents, TritonX-100 was very effective. When 1.5% of Triton X-100 was used, 7.7g/$\ell$ of tryptophan was produced at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48hr. In the case of nonaqueous solvents, 8.7g/$\ell$ of tryptophan was produced at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr, when 10% of benzene was used. This amount of tryptophan corresponds to conversion of 48% of Indole and 36% of pyruvic acid, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.401-414
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• 2016

The synergistic effect on phosphate solubilization of single- and co-inoculation of two phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Burkholderia anthina PSB-15 and Enterobacter aerogenes PSB-16, was assessed in liquid medium and green gram plants. Co-inoculation of two strains was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus ($519{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of Burkholderia strain ($492{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) and Enterobacter strain ($483{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$). However, there was no significant difference between single inoculation of bacterial strain and co-inoculation of two bacterial strains in terms of phosphorous release. The highest pH reduction, organic acid production, and glucose consumption were observed in the culture medium co-inoculated with PSB-15 and PSB-16 strains rather than that of single inoculation. Based on the plant growth promotion bioassay, co-inoculated mung bean seedlings recorded 9% and 8% higher shoot and root growth, respectively, compared to the control. Therefore, in conclusion, co-inoculation of the strains B. anthina and E. aerogenes displayed better performance in stimulating plant growth than inoculation of each strain alone. However, considering the short assessment period of the present study, we recommend engaging in further work under field conditions in order to test the suitability of these strains as bio-inoculants.