• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.3-8
• /
• 2017

본 논문은 차량 내부에서 무선 에너지 전송 기술을 지원하기 위해 분산 안테나 시스템의 사용을 제안한다. 차량 내 무선 에너지 전송 시스템은 에너지 수신 단말기의 이동이 제한적이고, 채널 환경이 정적이며, 인체가 송신기와 가까운 특징을 갖는다. 이러한 상황에서 송신기의 배치는 인체에서의 수신 에너지와 에너지 수신 단말기에서의 수신 에너지의 양에 큰 영향을 미친다. 이에 본 논문은 기존 무선 통신 시스템에서 사용되는 중앙 집중형 안테나 시스템과 분산 안테나 시스템을 적용하였을 때의 차량 내 무선 에너지 전송 성능을 모의실험을 통해 비교하고, 분산 안테나 시스템이 더 좋은 성능을 가짐을 보인다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.303-318
• /
• 2014

The rising global demand for energy resources may lead to greater interest in the Arctic region. Since it has various resources, such as oil and gas, and large potential as a strategic location in exploration and production (E&P), there is likely to occur island sovereignty issues between the five arctic costal states and other countries. While global warming has led to the opening of the Northeast Passage and the Northwest Passage, several obstacles may impede the development of this area such as the low temperature environment, infrastructure problems in a limited area, flow assurance, environmental regulations, etc. To overcome these problems, various techniques have been applied in the exploration, development, production, transportation, and environment fields and it seems to be made technical development in extreme environment. In this study, the E&P status of representative states and development technologies in the Arctic region have been summarized with regard to carrying out E&P related to drilling, development, production, and operation in oil and gas fields. Furthermore, environmental factors have been taken into account to enhance progress with regard to E&P and ensure sustainable development in the Arctic. On that basis, it will be possible to secure oil and gas field development, production technology and R&D infrastructure in the Arctic.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 2008

다수의 독립적인 시스템들이 네트워크를 통해 구성하는 분산 처리 환경에서 시간에 대한 일치성을 유지하는 일은 매우 중요하면서도 어렵다. 특히, 에너지가 제한되어 있고, 통신 기능이 연약한 USN 환경에서의 시간 동기화는 더욱 어렵다. 이러한 어려움에도 불구하고, USN에서 요구되는 시간 동기화 정밀도는 인터넷과 같은 일반적인 분산 처리 환경에서보다 더 높다. USN에서 매우 엄격한 시간 동기화를 요구하는 전형적인 응용 영역으로 TDMA MAC을 들 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 USN을 위해 최근에 제안된 FTSP (Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol) 시간 동기화 알고리즘을 개선한 새로운 알고리즘 FTSF(Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol)을 제안하고 평가한다. HTSP의 시간 동기화 정밀도는 FTSP와 동일하지만, 동기화를 위한 방송메시지 수를 줄임으로써 에너지 소모를 FTSP 보다 절약한다. 평가를 위한 시뮬레이션 결과, FTSP 대비 HTSP의 에너지 절약 비율이 약 26% 정도로 나타났다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제12권12호
• /
• pp.2307-2314
• /
• 2008

유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크는 현재 다양한 분야로 활용되고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크를 그린 하우스에 적용하여 작물생장정보 및 환경데이터 수집 등 유용한 정보를 모니터링 할 수 있다. 하지만 센서노드의 한정된 에너지 자원으로 네트워크 확장을 통한 대규모 네트워크를 구성하여 운영하기에는 부적절하다. 본 논문에서는 상기 문제점을 해결하기 위해 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크에 무선 메쉬 네트워크 기술을 적용하여 시뮬레이션을 구현하였다. 도출된 결론을 통해 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크에 무선 메쉬 네트워크 기술을 적용했을 때 에너지 측면에서 효율성이 높아진 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2008

The carbon dioxide is brought from the energy consumption and regarded as a criteria material to estimate the Global Warming Potential. Building shares about 30% in national energy consumption and affects to environment as much as the energy consumption. But there is not enough data to forecast the amount of the carbon dioxide during the maintenance stage. Various factors are related with the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission such as the physical area, the building exterior area, the maintenance type and location. Among these factors, the building carbon-dioxide emission can be estimated by the overall building characteristics such as the maintenance area, the number of household, the heating type, etc., The physical amount such as the thickness of the insulation and window infiltration could explained the limited scope and might not be use to estimate the total carbon-dioxide emission energy because the each value could not include or represent the overall building. In this paper, it provided the estimation model of the carbon-dioxide emission, explained by the overall building characteristics. These factors are shown as the maintenance area, no. of household, the heating type, the volume of the building, the ratio of the window to wall area etc., For providing the estimation model of th carbon-dioxide emission, it conducted the corelation analysis to filter the variables and suggested the estimation model with the power model and multiple regression model. Most of the model have a good statistics and fitted in the curve line.

• 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 논문지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.161-172
• /
• 2021

뉴로모픽 아키텍처는 저에너지로 인공지능 기술을 지원하는 차세대 컴퓨팅으로 주목받고 있다. 그러나 뉴로모픽 아키텍처 기반의 FPGA 임베디드 보드는 크기나 전력 등으로 인하여 가용 자원이 제한된다. 본 논문에서는 제한된 자원을 효율적으로 사용하기 위해 특징점의 고려 없이 크기를 재조정하는 보간법과 에너지 기반으로 특징점을 최대한 보존하는 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) 기법을 통한 특징 표현 방법을 비교 및 평가한다. 크기가 조정된 이미지는 일반적인 PC 환경에서와 FPGA 임베디드 보드의 Nengo 프레임워크에서 컨벌루션 신경망을 통해 정확도를 비교 분석했다. 실험 결과 PC의 컨벌루션 신경망과 FPGA Nengo 환경 모두에서 DCT 기반 분류 성능이 일반 보간법보다 약 1.9% 높은 성능을 보였다. 실험 결과를 바탕으로 뉴로모픽 구조 기반 FPGA 보드의 제한된 자원 환경에서 기존에 사용되던 보간법 대신 DCT 방식을 이용한다면 분류에 사용되는 뉴런의 표현에 많은 자원을 할당하여 인식률을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2017

Recently, There has been much discussed about unused space. This space can be used in a variety of ways. Utilizing it as a facility, craft shop, and utilizing renewable energy generation facilities. Especially, in terms of climate change should be supplied renewable energy. Renewable energy needs to be developed in terms of responding to climate change, and the recent Paris agreement is also emphasizing the importance of renewable energy. In particular, renewable energy needs to be widely disseminated. And renewable energy is limited space. In this regard, idle land can provide opportunities for securing new renewable energy generation facilities. The introduction of new and renewable energy facilities in idle space can enhance the self-sufficiency rate of the local community, which is significant in terms of responding to climate. In this study, to investigate the possibility of utilizing a unused space for a photovoltaic power generation facility, we investigated the amount of electricity which could be generated through photovoltaic power generation, and the economic effects, using a RETScreen model. The results showed that 9,738 MWh of power can be generated and that $4,540tCO_2eqcan$ be saved. Regarding the economic effect, the net present value of the facility was shown to be 2,247,389,020 KRW. As the net present value was shown to be positive, we believe that the installation of a photovoltaic power generation facility in an unused space would have a positive economic effect. We found the net present value following the fluctuation of the SMP price to be positive, though there was some variation. However, as the economic efficiency was shown to be low because the net present value in relation to the maintenance costs was negative, we believe that maintenance costs must be taken fully into account when evaluating economic efficiency. In particular, as subsidies can be used to cover maintenance costs which must be factored into photovoltaic power generation, we believe that photovoltaic power generation can have an economic effect. Because spaces not currently in use can have a positive economic effect as renewable energy power generation facilities, and can also contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, unused spaces are thought to greatly help local governments to cope with climate change as well as reinforcing their related capabilities. We believe our study will help local governments with decisions relating to unused real estate utilization in the future.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The use of renewable energy system is essential for building energy independence and saving energy consumption in the building sector. Among renewable energy technologies, ground source heat pump(GSHP) system is more energy-efficient and environmental-friendly than other heat source systems due to utilize stable ground heat source. However, the GSHP system requires a high initial installation cost and installation space in limited urban area, so it is difficult to have superiority in the market of heat source system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the installation method of low-cost and improve system performance. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of double u-tube ground heat exchanger(GHX) and verify system feasibility through real-scale experiment. Method: In this study, the real-scale experiment of vertical closed-type GSHP system was conducted using double u-tube GHX and high-efficiency grout. Through the verification experiment, heat source temperature, heat exchange rate(HER) and seasonal performance factor(SPF) were measured according to the long-term operation. In addition, the feasibility analysis was conducted comparing to the single u-tube system. Result: In the results of experiment, average HER was 136.27 W/m and average SPF was 5.41. Furthermore, compared to the single u-tube, the installation cost of the developed system could be reduced about 70% in the same heating load condition.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.640-648
• /
• 2017

Sensors have limited resources in sensor networks, so efficient use of energy is important. In order to use the energy of the sensor node efficiently, researches applying mobile sink to the sensor network have been actively carried out. The sink node moves the sensor network, collects data from each sensor node, which spread the energy concentrated around the sink node, thereby extending the entire life cycle of the network. But, when the sink node moves, it requires a reset of the data transmission path, which causes a lot of control messages and delays. In this paper, we propose a CMS(Cluster-based Mobile Sink) method to support the movement of mobile sink in a cluster sensor environment. The proposed scheme minimizes an amount of control messages without resetting the routing paths of entire sensor networks by supporting the sink mobility path using the neighbor cluster list. And, it simplifies the routing path setup process by setting a single hop path between clusters without a gateway. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme has superior energy efficiency in processing and network structure, compared with existing clustering and mesh routing protocols.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제4권5호
• /
• pp.753-775
• /
• 2010

Greedy forwarding is a key mechanism of geographic routing using distance as a metric. As greedy forwarding only uses 1-hop neighbor node information, it minimizes routing overhead and is highly scalable. In existing greedy forwarding schemes, a node selects a next forwarding node based only on the distance. However, the signal strength in a realistic environment reduces exponentially depending on the distance, so that by considering only the distance, it may cause a large number of data packet retransmissions. To solve this problem, many greedy forwarding schemes have been proposed. However, they do not consider the unreliable and asymmetric characteristics of wireless links and thus cause the waste of limited battery resources due to the data packet retransmissions. In this paper, we propose a reliable and energy-efficient opportunistic greedy forwarding scheme for unreliable and asymmetric links (GF-UAL). In order to further improve the energy efficiency, GF-UAL opportunistically uses the path that is expected to have the minimum energy consumption among the 1-hop and 2-hop forwarding paths within the radio range. Comprehensive simulation results show that the packet delivery rate and energy efficiency increase up to about 17% and 18%, respectively, compared with the ones in PRR${\times}$Distance greedy forwarding.