• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-189
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• 2017

This paper is the fifth investigation on the methods of evaluating flow characteristics in a steady flow bench. In previous studies, several assumptions used in the steady flow bench were examined and it was concluded that the assumption of the solid rotation may lead to serious problems. In addition, though the velocity profiles were improved as the measuring position went downstream, the distributions were far from ideal regardless of the valve angle and evaluation position. The eccentricities were also not sufficiently small to disregard the effect on impulse swirl meter (ISM) measurement. Therefore, the effect of these distribution and eccentricity changes according to the positions needs to be analyzed to discuss the method of flow characteristics estimation. In this context, the effects of evaluation position on the steady flow characteristics were studied. For this purpose, the swirl coefficient and swirl ratio were assessed and compared via measurement of the conventional ISM and calculation based on the velocity by particle image velocimetry(PIV) from 1.75B, 1.75 times bore position apart from the cylinder head, to the 6.00B position. The results show that the swirl coefficients by ISM strictly decrease and the curves as a function of the valve lift become smooth and linear as the measuring position goes downstream. However, the values through the calculation based on the PIV are higher at the farther position due to the approach of the tangential velocity profile to ideal. In addition, there exists an offset effect between the velocity distribution and eccentricity in the low valve lift range when the coefficients are estimated based on the swirl center. Finally, the curve of the swirl ratio by ISM and by PIV evaluation as a function the measuring position intersect around 5.00B plane except at $26^{\circ}$ valve angle.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.195-204
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• 2010

Several quality parameters affecting Alaska pollack, Theragra chalcogramma, were measured and modeled kinetically under storage at different temperatures: the K-value, trimethylamine (TMA), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), Torry meter, pH, acid value (AV), total viable cell count (TVC), and colony forming units (CFU) of Pseudomonas spp. The off-flavor development time (ODT) was also measured using the R-index sensory test and modeled kinetically. Among the quality parameters, the CFU of Pseudomonas spp. was an indicator of the ODT according to a similarity in the Arrhenius temperature dependence, which was derived as a criterion mathematically. The temperature dependence was represented by the Arrhenius's activation energy ($E_a$). On comparing the $E_a$ of the quality factors and the ODT, the similarity in the temperature dependence was found to be high in the order Pseudomonas spp., pH, VBN, TVC, K-value, TMA, AV, and Torry meter. Therefore, Pseudomonas spp. was identified as the primary indicator of ODT.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-61
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• 2004

Purpose : For qualify improvement in radiotherapy, it is important to set up and evaluate equipment (linac) accurately. In addition, technicians are needed to be fully aware of the equipment's detailed quality and its manual. Therefore, the result of ATP is evaluated and introduced, in order that the technicians are skilled by participating in quality assurance (QA) and understanding the quality of the equipment before clinical use. Method and Material : QA for LINAC 21EX (Varian, US) was done with suppliers its procedure was divided into radiation survey, mechanical test, radiation isocenter test, bean performance, dosimetry, and enhanced dynamic wedge and using X-omat film (Kodak), multidata, densitometer, and electrometer. QA of MLC (Millennium, 120 leaf) attached to LINAC and EPID (Portal vision) were done separately. Result : The leakage dose by survey meter was below the tolerance. In mechanical test, collimater, gantry, and couch rotation were less than 1mm, and the angles were ${\pm}0.1^{\circ}$ for digital and ${\pm}0.5^{\circ}$ for mechanical. The alignment test of the light field and crosshair were evaluated less than 1mm. The (a)symmetrical jaw field was less than ${\pm}0.5mm$. The radiation isocenter test using X-mat film was less than 1mm. The consistency of light field and radiation field was less than ${\pm}0.1mm$. PDD for photon energy was less than ${\pm}1\%$ and for electron energy of $90\%,\;80\%,\;50\%,\;and\;30\%$ were evaluated within the tolerance. Flatness for photon and electron energy was evaluated $2.3\%$ (tolerance $3\%$) and $3\%$ (tolerance $4.5\%$), respectively, and symmetry was $0.45\%$ (tolerance $2\%$) and $0.3\%$ (tolerance $2\%$), respectively. Dosimetry test for short term, MU setting, rep rate, and dose rate accuracy of photon and electron energy was within the tolerance depending on energy, MU, and gantry angle. Conclusion : Accuracy and safety for clinical use of Clinac 21EX was verified through customer acceptance procedure and the quality of the equipment was found out. These can reduce the difficulties in using the equipment. Furthermore, it is useful for clinically treatment of patients by technicians' active participations.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.201-201
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• 2010

The evaporative desalination system with solar energy would be the efficient and attractive method to get fresh water. This study was described the development of Multi Effect Distillation(MED) with solar energy desalination system. The system was designed and manufactured Multi effect distillation on the capacity of $3m^3$/day. The experimental apparatus consists mainly of ejector pump, Hot water pump, flow meter, demister, cooler, evaporator and condenser. Evaporator and condenser were made Shell&Tube Heat Exchanger type with corrugated tube. The experimental variables were chosen $75^{\circ}C$ for hot water inlet temperature, 40, 60 and $80{\ell}$/min for hot water inlet volume flow rate, 6.0 and $8.0{\ell}$/min for evaporator feed seawater flow rate, $18^{\circ}C$ for sea water inlet temperature to cover the average sea water temperature and the salinity of sea water is measured about 33,000 PPM (parts per million). for a year in Korea. This study was analyzed the results of thermal performance of Multi Effect Distillation. The results are as follows, The experimental Multi effect distillation is required about 40 kW heat source for production of $3m^3$/day fresh water. Various operating flow rate was confirm in the experiments to get the optimum design data and the results showed that the optimum total flow was $8.0{\ell}$/min. Comparison of Single Effect Distillation with Multi Effect Distillation showed MED is at least more than double of SED.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2005

The horizontal reflectometer, which uses a neutron beam in the reactor, provides scientists a set of unique tools offering destruction-free investigation of biological membranes in the native-like environments in nano-meter scale. As an intial stage for the development of the first Korean neutron reflectometer with a horizontal sample geometry, we performed the instrumental simulation using MCSTAS, Monte Carlo Simulations of Triple Axis Spectrometers for neutron ray-tracing simulation. The results indicated that modeling of the overall instrument geometry based on the thermal neutron source with a wavelength of 2.55 $2.5{\AA}$ at HANARO was successfully performed, and further the optimization of the individual components of the instrument, including the collimator, monochromators, filter and supermirror has been made.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.47-54
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• 1996

Highly sensitive $WO_{3}$ doped with $SnO_{2}$ and Pt thick-film sensors for NOx gas were fabricated. The sensors had a maximum sensitivity at operating temperature of $250^{\circ}C$, but the optimum operation temperature, considering recovery desorption time, was at $330^{\circ}C$. These sensors improved sensitivity, response and recovery time, selectivity and stability, as compared to $WO_{3}$ sensors. The good linearity of sensitivity as a function of the gas concentration exhibited the possibility to be used for concentration meter.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04b
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• pp.365-368
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• 2006

The objective of this research is to investigate usage of 3KW photovoltaic-wind power hybrid generation system composed of 500W solar power generator and 400W wind power generator in a parallel circuit. In addition, solar radiation meter and wind monitor have been installed into each generation system to obtain the practical operating data that monitored in monthly, daily and hourly. These data that are independent to weather change and location would provide adequate generation output on average and cope with emergency situation in generation system In conclusion, based on this study, it could be considered for 3KW combined generation system to be gradually propagated to houses and small-size public facilities.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 1996

Peroxodisulfates are being developed as low temperature bleaching agents for cotton fabrics to save the thermal energy. In this research we used the colar difference meter to determine the whiteness which peroxide booster will possibly make an effect on cotton fabric at the low temperature process using consist of temperature with different conditions agents, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium peroxodisulfate and potassium peroxodisulfate. The peroxide bleaching follows a laboratory experiments, using a statistical plan for three variables: the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide and the temperature of bathing. The purpose of this research was to use the response surface analysis method to evaluate the relative importance of factors providing optimum whiteness. A ridge analysis of the data on whiteness response results in 3-D response surface diagrams for optimizing the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide at about 42~52$^{\circ}C$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.205.1-205.1
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• 2011

This study concerns a low head and kaplan turbine efficiency measurement using the acoustic scintillation flow meter(ASFM). The ASFM is one of absolute discharge measurement methods because it measures velocity-area of discharge with couples of transducers. This study shows that the highest efficiency of turbine is 87.7% and the efficiency is 85.8% in the rated output(600kW). The test result is reliable because the efficiency trend from this test is similar to the result of index test conducted in 1986. In this paper, the principle, measurement methods, application and test procedures of the test are discussed.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.101-112
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• 2000

An Experimental study of oxygen enriched double inversed diffusion flame was conducted to understand the flame characteristics and radiation heat transfer. The infrared radiation meter was used to measure of various combination of fuel, air and pure oxygen. The results show that oxygen enriched double inversed diffusion flame is very effective to increase of thermal radiation and proper addition of pure oxygen in air flow can intensity thermal radiation of flame. And it can be found that oxygen enriched double inversed diffusion flame could give benefits of cost effective and very high energy saving.