• 기술사
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.14-20
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• 1995

Discourses on global environment are not only limited to the matter of simple environmen-tal protection but also going to an imperative that every country should take the environ-mental aspects into more consideration, and if necessary even proceed to modify its own strategies for economic growth. It is because scores of existing International conventions and agreements on environmental caused tend to combine the environmental issues with trade sanctions and financial assistances in order to ensure a mandatory power in pushing themselves through on a global dimension. Particularly noteworthy is the so -called Green Round(GR) which substantially associates the Issues of environmental protection with some sanctions in international trade, its rationale is quite simple. The differentiated production costs rising from the difference in environmental standards among different countries may affect national competitiveness in in-ternational trade, therefore a need does exist to countervail this difference. In reality, however, severe dissention seems to have been exposed between the developed and developing countries around this matter, because national interests and priorities in national goals considerably differ among respective countries. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which caused global warming are mostly released from the combustion of fossil fuels. The perfect removal of released $CO_{2}$ is impossible with existing technologies, and moreover, it's not payable in economical terms. Therefore it will be more effective and desirable to make more efforts to prevent the release of the $CO_{2}$ it- self through energy conservation involving the development and promotion of clean and high-efficient energy technologies and energy sources, and the development and promotion of new & renewable energy resources, and so on. One of important national tasks In our country is to establish an Energy Policy consider-ing environmental impacts since Korea depends most of its energy consumption on the fossil fuels such as oil and coal.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.673-689
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• 2023

To realize the traceability of sustainable textile products, this study presents a low-carbon process through energy savings in the textile material manufacturing process. Traceability is becoming an important element of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which confirms the eco-friendliness of textile products as well as supply chain information. Textile products with complex manufacturing processes require traceability of each step of the process to calculate carbon emissions and power usage. Additionally, an understanding of the characteristics of the product planning-manufacturing-distribution process and an overall understanding of carbon emissions sources are required. Energy use in the textile material manufacturing stage produces the largest amount of carbon dioxide, and the amount of carbon emitted from processes such as dyeing, weaving and knitting can be calculated. Energy saving methods include efficiency improvement and energy recycling, and carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced through waste heat recovery, sensor-based smart systems, and replacement of old facilities. In the dyeing process, which uses a considerable amount of heat energy, LNG, steam can be saved by using "heat exchangers," "condensate management traps," and "tenter exhaust fan controllers." In weaving and knitting processes, which use a considerable amount of electrical energy, about 10- 20% of energy can be saved by using old compressors and motors.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

Purpose - The Visegrád Group cooperation of the past 14 years and that of V4 for the past 20 years has very important significance in the 21st century that must be maintained. This cooperation is valuable because of the trade routes that connect northern Poland to the Balkans in southern Croatia, which forman important basis for the resuscitation of Central European development. Currently, because of the European manufacturing base and industrial development, an energy supply and stable energy distribution networks have been introduced to secure cooperation and not competition within the Visegrád Group. This paper's research emphasizes the supply chain hub in neighboring countries. Although Central and Eastern European countries are small, they can provide a competitive response to Western Europe if they collaborate with the V4 group and other countries. Research design, data, and methodology - The subjects of this study in the Visegrád Group area are related to the development of Marketing and Distribution Sciences in the integrated European Union. In relation to the existing energy infrastructure, construction companies and financial institutions benefit from large-scale construction projects. Existing or new infrastructure facilities among the V4 must comply with the preconditions of regional energy markets. The network of emerging markets is changing into a European-logistics hub of new markets. This hub is closely associated with the economic development of European self-sustainment given that energy for distribution and consumption is imported from Russia. Therefore, this paper indirectly provides data on the regional distribution of energy as alternative bases in Europe for market expansion to Asia. Results - As a result, it appeared unlikely that V4 failed to implement homogeneity following the standards of Western Europe, as proposed by the EU. Throughout European history, individuals have gathered in Central Europe as an innovation hub. Currently, the region is being established independently for energy industrial development and not for tourism development, and is expected to play a central role in innovation and distribution consumption. Therefore, similar to Western and Northern Europe, V4 only appears to engage in distribution consumption on the basis of the identity that it formed for itself. This area is expected to either create a regional platform or a voice over a single economic policy. Conclusions - To this end, regarding the distribution of consumer groups within and outside the region, the V4 group is expected to be established for various policy areas and as a Eurasian outpost of trade and distribution logistics. In addition, given its purpose of engaging in the distribution of energy cooperation and trade clusters, the Visegrád Group will be in charge of the center axis of the bridge for distribution logistics trading partners from the Western Balkans to Caucasus and Eastern Europe. Thus, the Visegrád Group is entering this region as a platform for market share by enabling all or any investor can gain greater industrial benefits.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2022

산업통상자원부에서 제공하는 KOTRA 무역 데이터는 해당 품목과 해당 국가에 대하여 GDP, 관세율, 비즈니스 점수, 과/차년도 수출금액 등을 제공한다. 그러나 무역 수출품목은 수없이 많을뿐더러 그에 따른 대량의 데이터를 매년 수작업 기반 분석을 통해 유의미한 결과를 이끌어내는 것은 상당히 큰 시간과 비용을 요구한다. 따라서 이번 연구에선 대량의 데이터를 학습하여 단기간에 저비용으로 결과 예측이 가능한 다층 퍼셉트론 모델을 구현하고 성능을 평가하였다. 먼저 딥러닝 기반 무역 수출 가격 예측 모델을 일반적 다변량 회귀 모델과 비교하였을 때, 예측 오류와 학습 시간 측면에서 통계적으로 우수한 성능을 보였다. 수출 가격 데이터는 시계열 속성이 있을 것으로 예상하는 바, 은닉 노드들이 모두 연결된 다층 퍼셉트론과 순환 신경망을 이용하여 수출 가격 데이터를 예측하였다. 그 결과 새로운 데이터에 대해 수출 가격 예측을 위한 일반화 능력은 순환 신경망이 우수한 성능을 보였으나, 다층 퍼셉트론이 무역 수출 가격 예측에서 더 뛰어난 성능을 보였다. 추후 장기간 데이터를 확보한다면, 순환 신경망 혹은 트랜스포머 기반 딥러닝 모델을 이용하여 더 뛰어난 수출 가격 예측이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.633-654
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• 2016

Recently open data has been spread rapidly in the world include Korea. Accordingly in international trade field open data and using it became a key point to get competitiveness. In this study, the author make an attempt to suggest the way for quality improvement of international trade information by looking for some problems with crating and using the information. Thus, the problems of using information are can be point out as follows. Firstly the range of open data is narrow. Secondly the management of the open data is not conducted properly. Thirdly the suppliers of the open data didn't prepare some investigation system for their data's usability for user. Expansion of the organizations who open data is one way to solve quantitative problem. There are four suggestions to solve qualitative problems. Firstly the guidelines should be established and operated in each organizations respectively. Secondly the criterion of expenses for open data should be arranged among the concerned parties. Thirdly the ability of the manpower and organization who charged in the quality improvement of information should be reinforced both quantitatively and qualitatively. Lastly the system for data usability for user should be equipped in early stages. Finally the author emphasize the establishment of total management system for using open data in international trade is not needed only the efforts of the specific parties but also all parties led by Ministry of Industry, Trade and Energy in order to carry out above suggestions successfully.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.580-588
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• 2016

Energy efficiency is the main objective in the design of a wireless sensor network (WSN). In many applications, sensing data must be transmitted from sources to a sink in a timely manner. This paper describes an investigation of the trade-off between two objectives in WSN design: minimizing energy consumption and minimizing end-to-end delay. We first propose a new distributed clustering approach to determining the best clusterhead for each cluster by considering both energy consumption and end-to-end delay requirements. Next, we propose a new energy-cost function and a new end-to-end delay function for use in an inter-cluster routing algorithm. We present a multi-hop routing algorithm for use in disseminating sensing data from clusterheads to a sink at the minimum energy cost subject to an end-to-end delay constraint. The results of a simulation are consistent with our theoretical analysis results and show that our proposed performs much better than similar protocols in terms of energy consumption and end-to-end delay.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.158-167
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• 2010

The energy efficiency of wireless infrastructure and terminals has been drawing renewed attention of late, due to their significant environmental cost. Emerging green communication paradigms such as cognitive radios, are also imposing the additional requirement of flexibility. This dual requirement of energy efficiency and flexibility poses new design challenges for implementing radio functional blocks. This paper focuses on the area vs. power trade-offs for the type of channel filters that are required in the digital frontend of a flexible, energy-efficient radio. In traditional CMOS circuits, increased area was traded for reduced dynamic power consumption. With leakage power emerging as the dominant mode of power consumption in nanoscale CMOS, these trade-offs must be revisited due to the strong correlation between area and leakage power. The current work discusses how the increased timing slacks obtained by increasing the parallelism can be exploited for overall power reduction even in nanoscale circuits. In this context the paper introduces the notion of 'area efficiency' and a metric for evaluating it. The proposed metric has also been used to compare the area efficiencies of different classes of time-shared filters.

• 무역학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.111-130
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• 2018

온실가스 배출로 인한 지구온난화에 대응하고 지구의 평균 기온상승을 방지하기 위하여 2015년 12월 파리기후협정(Paris Agreement)이 채택되어 신기후체제가 도래하게 되었다. 해수면상승과 삼림고갈, 미세먼지 등과 같은 기후변화로 인한 환경문제에 대응하기 위하여, 신재생에너지의 중요성이 높아졌다. 신재생 에너지의 성장을 위해서는 현실적으로 정부의 지원이 필요하다. 그러나 신재생에너지 산업에 대한 각국 정부의 과다한 지원은 공정 한 경쟁을 저해하고 비용을 높인다는 점에서 문제가 될 수 있으며, 이미 WTO에서도 신재생에너지 보조금과 관련된 제소사례를 찾아볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 WTO의 보조금 및 상계조치 협정과 GATT를 중심으로 하였다. 신재생에너지 보조금에 관련된 WTO 분쟁사례를 살펴보고, 사례에서 쟁점이 되는 조항인 보조금협정의 제2조 특정성과 제3조 (b)항 수입대체보조금, GATT 제20조 일반적 예외를 분석하였다. 기후변화에 대응하는 환경보호적인 관점에서 현재 각 국의 에너지 정책을 반영하고 신재생에너지 산업의 발전을 위하여 보조금협정의 개정 또는 보완이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 보조금협정 제8조 허용보조금의 재도입 논의 또는 에너지보조금에 관한 특별규정과 같은 방안과 더불어 보조금협정 제3조의 명확한 해석기준이 필요하다고 보았다. 그러나 과도한 정부 보조금의 지급은 무역분쟁을 야기할 수 있으며 환경보호와 자유무역의 형평성, 지속가능한 개발이라는 WTO의 목적에 맞추어 WTO의 규범을 개선해야 한다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.281-305
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 민트의 성장성에 주목하여 기술수준별로 분류된 한국 수출제품의 민트에 대한 경쟁력의 현황 및 경쟁력의 변화 추이를 분석하고 시사점을 제안하는 데 있다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대 민트 교역에서 한국의 교역액 및 무역수지는 지속적으로 증가하고 있고, 교역 품목으로는 완제품 및 부품과 연료 등 1차 품목이 주로 수출입 되고 있다. 둘째, 무역성과지수를 분석한 결과 국산 수출제품은 민트 국가들에 대해 높은 경쟁력을 나타내고 있고, 추세적으로도 경쟁력을 유지하고 있다. 셋째, 국산 수출품이 민트에 대해 경쟁력을 확보하고 있지만 품목별 경쟁력은 국가별로 차이를 보이고 있다. 분석결과를 토대로 제시된 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 안정적인 에너지원 확보 차원에서 자원 부국 민트와의 경제적 유대관계 형성이 중요하다. 둘째, 대 민트 교역에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 경제여건에 대한 검토와 대응방안이 강구되어야 한다. 셋째, 국산 수출품의 민트 국가에 대한 안정적인 경쟁력 유지 전략을 구축해야 한다. 넷째, 대 민트 교역의 내용이 국가에 따라 상이하므로 수출전략도 국가별로 차별화된 접근 방법이 요구된다. 다섯째, 민트가 집단적 경제협력체를 형성하여 영향력을 확대해 갈 것에 대비한 대책 마련도 필요하다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.597-611
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• 2009

With the advent of ubiquitous computing society, many advanced technologies have enabled wireless sensor networks which consist of small sensor nodes. However, the sensor nodes have limited computing resources such as small size memory, low battery life, short transmission range, and low computational capabilities. Thus, decreasing energy consumption is one of the most significant issues in wireless sensor networks. In addition, numerous applications for wireless sensor networks are recently spreading to various fields (health-care, surveillance, location tracking, unmanned monitoring, nuclear reactor control, crop harvesting control, u-city, building automation etc.). For many of them, supporting security functionalities is an indispensable feature. Especially in case wireless sensor networks should provide a sufficient variety of security functions, sensor nodes are required to have more powerful performance and more energy demanding features. In other words, simultaneously providing security features and saving energy faces a trade-off problem. This paper presents a novel energy-efficient security architecture in an IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless sensor network called the Hybrid Adaptive Security (HAS) framework in order to resolve the trade off issue between security and energy. Moreover, we present a performance analysis based on the experimental results and a real implementation model in order to verify the proposed approach.