• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

Virtues and advantages of urban areas would be tarnished if benefits and convenience of the cities were overwhelmed by the logics of selfish development and reckless expansion. Reckless development, which is not limited to a certain point of time and space, has become a social and environmental problem for a long period of time, taking advantage of legal and administrative loopholes. In the metropolitan area surrounding the capital, especially Yongin, where semi-agricultural zones have been developed recklessly, serious problems have already emerged including the lack of infrastructure, environmental contamination, destruction of scenic landscapes, encroachment of good farmland and forest and invitation of natural disasters. This study assumed all these problems as the consequence of the inadequacy of the legislative system and analyzed the causes. The study also suggests some countermeasures. Most of all, a "planning-first, development-later" practice should be brought into place so that various experts could participate for a detailed planning. Public development should also be expanded so that beneficial public facilities could be set up in the first place. A system for reasonable development charges should also be come up with. In this process, the role of the administrators becomes yet more important for a long-term, systematic planning of future cities, accompanied by public housing developments.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1993

Chemical vapor deposited tungsten films were formed in a cold wall reactor at pressures higher (10~120torr) than those conventionally employed (<1torr). SiH4, in addition to H2, was used as the reduction gas. The effects of pressure and reaction temperature on the deposition rate and morphology of the films were ex-amined under the above conditions. No encroachment or silicon consumption was observed in the tungsten de-posited specimens. A high deposition rate of tungsten and a good step coverage of the deposited films were ob-tained at 40~80 torr and at a temperature range of $360~380^{\circ}C$. The surface roughness and the resistivity of the deposited film increased with pressure. The deposition rate of tungsten increased with the total pressure in the reaction chamber when the pressure was below 40 torr, whereas it decreased when the total pressure ex-ceedeed 40 torr. The deposition rate also showed a maximum value at $360^{\circ}C$ regardless of the gas pressure in the chamber. The results suggest that the deposition mechanism varies with pressure and temperature, the surface reac-tion determines the overall reaction rate and (2) at higher pressures(>40 torr) or temperatures(>36$0^{\circ}C$), the rate is controlled by the dtransportation rate of reactive gas molecules. It was shown from XRD analysis that WSi2 and metastable $\beta$-W were also formed in addition to W by reactions between WF6 and SiH4.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1
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• pp.421-424
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• 2004

As the deep sub-micron devices are recently integrated high package density, novel process method for sub $0.1{\mu}m$ devices is required to get the superior thin gate oxide characteristics and reliability. However, few have reported on the electrical quality and reliability on the thin gate oxide. In this paper I will recommand a novel shallow trench isolation structure for thin gate oxide $30{\AA}$ of deep sub-micron devices. Different from using normal LOCOS technology, novel shallow trench isolation have a unique 'inverse narrow channel effects' when the channel width of the devices is scaled down shallow trench isolation has less encroachment into the active device area. Based on the research, I could confirm the successful fabrication of shallow trench isolation(STI) structure by the SEM, in addition to thermally stable silicide process was achiever. I also obtained the decrease threshold voltage value of the channel edge and the contact resistance of $13.2[\Omega/cont.]$ at $0.3{\times}0.3{\mu}m^2$. The reliability was measured from dielectric breakdown time, shallow trench isolation structure had tile stable value of $25[%]{\sim}90[%]$ more than 55[sec].

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.347-360
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• 2018

It is ironic but not coincidental that the loss of Korean sovereignty to Japan roughly paralleled the formation of the idea of Korean ethnic identity. The coalescence of the content of this heretofore amorphous notion of a "pure" and transcendental (in the class sense) ethnic essence was, again ironically, the result both of ideologies taken from (or given by) Japan and resistance to Japanese encroachment. What resulted was the birth of a hybrid (sub) consciousness that was able to accommodate disparate, or even contradictory, realities simultaneously without any sense of contradiction (Christian and shaman for example). If, as Kim Chul has asserted, the colonial period was the most impactful in forming today's Korean society and "giving birth" to today's Korean, it becomes easy to imagine how this formation process included elements of Japanese and western culture. This meant that there was going to be an inevitable cognitive dissonance when these influences collided with the imperatives of ethnic nationalism which became the touchstone for a common Korean identity (North and South). This paper attempts to show how this split-consciousness was manifested in Yeom Sang seop's Manse jeon with the aim of identifying how it affects discourses related to nationalism and identity.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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• pp.333-333
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• 2017

최근 내성천에서는 오래도록 유지되어 온 하천 경관이 식생의 활착에 의해 바뀌어 가고 있다. 이러한 변화의 양상과 원인을 분석하기 위해 한국건설기술연구원에서는 내성천 56.8 km 구간에 대한 장기 모니터링 연구를 수행하고 있다. 2012년부터 2016년까지 얻은 연속적인 항공 라이다 데이터를 이용하여 사주와 같은 하도 형상의 변화를 탐지할 수 있었다. 지난 4년간의 모니터링 경과 직선 구간에서 하중 사주의 형성이 있었으며, 기존의 사주들은 식생 활착된 표면에서의 퇴적에 의해 수직적인 퇴적이 발생하는 변화가 야기되었다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2019

Nepal is bestowed with abundant water. With more than 1500 mm average annual rainfall in the country, a vast quantity of underutilized groundwater in the Terai belt, and the water stored in snowcaps in the Himalayas, aquifers in the mountains and glacial lakes, Nepal is potentially in an advantageous position in terms of per capita availability. However, low emphasis in management aspect of water and high emphasis in infrastructural developments related to water resources management has resulted in conversion of water in Nepal from a resource to a burden. The global climate change, reduction in number of rainy days, increase in intensity of rainfall during wet monsoon season, encroachment of river banks for settlement, inadequate release of environmental flows from hydropower plants, and attempt to tame the mighty and high velocity rivers of Nepal have resulted in increasing number of water induced disasters (flood and landslide), rise in conflict between local residents and hydropower developers, higher number of devastating landslides, and in some extreme cases mass migration of residents resulting in climate refugees. There is a ray of hope; the awareness level of the people regarding sustainable use of water resources is increasing, the benefit sharing mechanism is gradually being implemented, the role of interdisciplinary and integrated water resources management is appreciated at a higher level and the level of preparedness against flood and landslides is at a higher degree compared to a couple of decades ago. With the use of renewable energy sources, the possibilities for sustainable and productive use of water are on the rise in Nepal.

• 영어영문학
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.193-209
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• 2014

Writers in England's colonies and former colonies have long struggled with the advantages and disadvantages of employing the language of the colonizer for their creative work, an issue that today reaches beyond the older imperial trade routes in the era of "global English." Creative writers in widely disparate locations are now using global English to their advantage, with what can be described as post-postcolonial strategies. This essay explores the politics of global English, beginning with a satiric dictionary of "Strine" (Australian English) from 1965, and then looking back at the mid-1960s debate at Makerere University between Ngugi wa Thiong'o and Chinua Achebe, in which Achebe famously asserted the importance of remaking English for hi own purposes. The essay then discusses early linguistic experiments by Rudyard Kipling, who became the world's first truly global writer in the 1880s and 1890s and developed a range of strategies for conveying local experience to a global audience. The essay then turns to two contemporary examples: a comic pastiche of Kipling-and of Kiplingese-by the contemporary Tibetan writer Jamyang Norbu, who deploys "Babu English" and the legacy of British rule against Chinese encroachment in Tibet; and, finally, the Korean-American internet group Young-hae Chang Heavy Industries, who interweave African-American English with North Korean political rhetoric to hilariously subversive effect.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2013

CCTV를 이용하여 획득한 영상 내에서 다중 객체의 위험한 행위를 판단하여 사전에 미리 경고 및 긴급대책을 세워주는 감지 시스템을 제안한다. 위험한 행위의 판단여부를 위해 관심지역 및 관심지역 내에 위험지역을 설정한 후, 위험 행동 객체를 검출하여 객체의 위험지역 침범 범위에 따라 안전, 경고, 긴급 등의 위험도를 판단한다. 특히 본 연구는 위험 행동 중 교량에서 투신하는 행위를 감지하는 것을 목표로 하며 기존의 연구에서 단일객체의 행동검출에만 제한했던 연구를 여러 보행자 속에서 투신 행동하는 객체를 감지하는 것까지 확대하여 구현한다. 한 객체의 위험지역 침범의 정도에 따라 안전, 경고 및 긴급 상태로 분류하고 상황에 따라 긴급 상태로 판단되면 통합관제 센터에 즉시 알려 위험행위를 사전에 예방 할 수 있도록 한다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2012

This study was carried out in Gana Resettlement and Integrated Development (GRID) Project as a pioneer model for Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) in Sabah, Malaysia. The GRID project is developed to improve community livelihood as well as to promote community involvement in CBFM and at the same time to lessen community encroachment and traditional farming practices inside the forest conservation area. The objectives of this study are: (i) to identify the dependency of local community on forest resources; (ii) to examine local community's roles in conserving forest resources and, (iii) to analyze their views on GRID project in conserving forest. Interviews were conducted with randomly selected 130 households at the GRID project using semi structured questionnaires comprising closed and open-ended questions. The study reveals that community dependency on forest resources have lessened after the resettlement of the GRID project. The community shows positive perspective on their contribution for conserving the forest resources. However, the community's willingness to contribute as well as their real contribution can be further improved. The study recommends the government to create more effective training and relevant activities to improve the livelihood of community as well as to increase their positive perception on forest conservation efforts. Further research to strengthen the relationship between local community and forest governance through forest conservation is also recommended.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2006

주한 미군의 EC(Engineering/Construction) 시장에서 최근 나타나는 경향은: (1) MATOC(Multiple Award Task Order Contract)의 도입: (2)프로젝트의 대형화: 그리고 (3)대형 미국 EC회사들의 주한 미군 시장 진입으로 요약된다. 이러한 새로운 경향에 대한 이해를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 주한 미군 EC 시장의 변화를 시공관리 주체의 변화에 초점을 맞추어 분석한다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 주한 미군 EC 프로젝트들은 FED에 의해 관리되어 왔다. 그러나 최근에는 대형 미국 민간 EC 회사들이 한국에 진입하여 FED의 시공관리 역할을 대체하고 있다. 이러한 현상은 향 후 10여 년 간의 LPP(Land Partnership Plan: 한미연합 토지 관리계획)에 의한 한국에서의 비즈니스 기회와 시공관리 주체의 민영화를 통해 군 관련 공사비를 절약하려는 미 정부의 의도에 따라 가속화 되고 있다. 이러한 시장의 변화는 미국 대형 EC 회사들과의 JV(Joint Venture)를 통해 외국 시장에 관한 정보를 획득하고 선진 시공 관리 기술을 배울 수 있는 기회가 되기 때문에, 주한 미군 한국 EC 시장에 진입하는 미국의 대형 EC 회사들은 주한 미군 공사를 수주해 온 국내 EC 회사들에게는 위협임과 동시에 기회일 수 있다.