• Information Systems Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.125-146
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• 2009

The emergence of open source software(OSS) with its most prominent advantages creates a vast interest among practitioners. A study on Linux, the most well-known OSS, estimated that it would cost as 5.4 billion Euros taking over 73,000 person-years if it had been developed by conventional means. However, Linux has achieved only 0.65 percent of the operating system market for individual users while Microsoft windows family counts for nearly 90 percent of the market. Much of the effort being spent in the development of OSS is going to waste and potential value that OSS can bring to users is not being realized. Adoption of OSS is often accompanied by the discontinuance of existing software that is already in place. If users resist changing, they may not adopt OSS. Using the case of Linux, this study examines user resistance to change from the commercial operating software to the free operating system. This study identifies six sub-types of switching costs (uncertainty, emotional, setup, learning, lost benefit, and sunk costs) and tests their effects on user resistance to change based on a survey of 201 users. The results show that user resistance to change has a negative impact on the adoption of OSS. Further, this study shows that uncertainty and emotional costs have significant effects on user resistance to change. Beyond previous research on technology adoption, this research contributes towards an understanding of the switching costs leading to user resistance to change and offers suggestions to OSS practitioners for developing strategies to improve the adoption of OSS.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.201-219
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• 2017

This study was performed to test the socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) with Korean adults. According to SST, perceiving their life as limited, people are motivated to enhance their mood by regulating their mood in such a way to maximize the positive emotions and weaken the negative ones. Being founded on the dialectical constructs which assume the positive and negative sides of emotional experience coexist, Korean adults were supposed to be less motivated to maximize positive emotions and weaken negative emotions. Thus the elderly koreans might regulate emotions not in the direction of maximizing the positive emotions and weakening the negative ones, but in the direction of not being highly aroused. 166 youth, middle-aged, and elderly were asked to rate the frequencies of 31 positive and negative emotions they had experienced during the last month. In addition, they were asked to judge whether they weaken / adapt / maximize their emotions after experiencing positive and negative events. The elderly experienced less positive emotions as well as negative emotions than youth. Youth experienced emotions of high arousal more often than those of low arousal, but the elderly experienced emotions of high arousal less often. The responses of weakening their negative emotions and their positive emotions were largest in the elderly group. On the other hand, the response of maximizing their positive emotions were largest in the youth group. These results show that the elderly maintains emotional stability by weakening both positive and negative emotions of high arousal.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.64-80
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• 1997

Background : An important issue in health care today is in trying to center service around the hospitalized patient. There is a "Kindness Movement" developing now, where in the focus of Health Care is being changed from simply treating the basic physical needs of the patient with sophisticated technology, to keeping emotional well being healthy with more humane and attentive treatment. In our attempt to reach the goal of a completely satisfied patient, we undertook a study of the common complaints of patients, and the subsequent nature of the interventions. Method : The study was carried out in two stages, first the patients made known their complaints by filling out questionnaires, then we collected data on the attempts to alleviate the complaints. The questionnaire provided 19 different complaints, which were then analysed for such variables as content, source of complaint, persons treating the complaint, and length of time and method used to solve the complaint. Results : 1. The Chief complaints made by patients(99.1%) were of physical discomfort, such as pain, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea and constipation. 2. The complaints were voiced primarily by either of the patient's family, or by the patients themselves(78.4). 3. The complaints were intervened by nurses alone(53.5%), physicians alone(25.5%), or by nurses and physicians together(19.25%). 4, The method by which the complaints were resolved included the utilization of prescriptions(55.7%), further explanation and education(25. 5%) and notification after treatment(13.2%). 5. Most complaints were voiced during the dayshift(42.6%, 7:00-15:00), followed by the evening shift(36.0% 15:00~22:00), and then the nightshift(21.3 %, 22:00-07:00). 6. The time required for successful resolution of the patient's problems varied from 10~88.9min, according to the nature of the complaint. Conclusion : Hopefully by knowing beforehand the nature of both complaint and intervention, we can anticipate problems and shorten reaction time, in order to provide for a more satisfied patient.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.45-56
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• 2011

This study explored what impacts can be brought to students, teachers, schools, and community by the improvement of physical environment of school spaces. For the purpose, we studied 5 schools (2 elementary and 3 middle schools) who took part in the Happy School Project funded by the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism in 2008. Ten series of Focus Group Interviews were carried out with a sample of 28 students and 20 teachers who experienced both before and after the school renovation project. The analysis of the interview data revealed that although the project was concerned with a part of school space such as restroom or reading room, it could bring multiple effects such as following: First, the students addressed that they felt "good" about school environment, which led them to feel good about their "schools." This change was found out to bring about more positive attitudes towards a school in general, public manners, peer relationships, emotional well-being, and learning. Second, the teachers became to value more their principals' leadership, being more satisfied with their work environment and more concerned about management of school facilities, and happier with students in terms of teaching and guidance than before. Third, all the 5 schools seem to go through a noticeable change in terms of a school climate and ethos in a more positive and harmonious way. Finally, 'spread', 'promotion', and 'openness' effects were discussed with regard to the relationships between the schools and local community.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.566-574
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• 2009

Recent tendency in modern society for urban design and public space forming it recommended diversity of studies and design development, for the interest in urban design is increasing. In particular, street furniture being one of the important components to construct public space has been researched and developed in aspects of formative and emotional style, broken from the old way of the function-oriented purpose. It could be said that this results from the desire of human pursuing a well-off life, the new value standard regarding design and the life styles in mode. The new development of street furniture could be a creating the value-added source potentially being able to raise community, identity of nation and international competitiveness, beyond the primary purpose, namely the improvement of surrounding environment, and therefore the most of countries in the world are concentrating their life and death on development of design in reality. For this investigation the concept of city design, the basic content analysis of the street furniture and also the contents in the related sectors were reported. In order to develop the bench design, one of the representative items of the street furniture furthermore it was proceeded that basic process for the design like data searching for the object place and the existing case studies. On the basis of this the series of the design development processes such as idea sketch, computer rendering and drawing work were described step by step. The aim of this study is therefore to contribute in compiling the development processes of bench design as a new shape into a data and in utilizing it as a design case study and research material in the related sectors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.217-228
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• 1997

According to industralization the percentage of working women with children is on the continuous increase. There has been a growing concern over important health problems of middle-aged women, especially with working women. But we didn't know how to care of themselves yet even if it was importment to fint out that. So this reseach was an attempt to identify the nature of experience of their health management so that it is to be contributed to be knowledge development of women' health management strategy. The phenomenological approach in qualitative studies was used to serve this purpose. Subjects were 10 middle-aged working women having children in well-being state. The result of this study was as follows : 'Diet pattern' was to unbalanced and irregular but they tried to correct balanced and harmony dietary life. 'Exercise' was very simple and irregular. They have closed-minded of kinds of exercise. 'Controlling the environment and their minds' was to obtain emotional stability and be free from stress. They put emphasis on refraining from being overtiring and watching their condition carefully. They always tried to keep the peaceful mind. 'Reducing fatigue' was to be bathing, hot streamed-bath, finger pressure therapy, massage, singing, communication with others and maintenance of personal relationships. 'Identification of self-esteem' was very key point to maintain their health. Working regulary gave them to please and value of the life. 'Work oriented life pattern' was to be harm their health state so that it need to be available clinics to check up their health state after work. The rest of this study showed that it need to be social support for working women to work with comfort. Further study regarding working women engaging in the lower level is nesessary.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.785-801
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• 2004

A Typically-Perceived-Situation(TPS) is a situation which might be useful for conceptual learning of science, rising spontaneously in an individual's mind when someone is thinking about, or in relation to, any object such as physical object, concept, situation, etc. But, for a discussion about the TPS' usefulness in depth, we need to analyze the specific features of the TPS in relation to conceptual learning of science. This study investigated four elementary school students' TPSs related to the topic of the action of force, especially (a) 'the situation where force is being acted on an object', and (b) 'the situation where force is not being acted on an object', with an interview as well as with a drawing-and-explanation type questionnaire. Their TPSs were then compared with their concepts, checked by a misconception questionnaire of choice-and-explanation type. The results showed that the students' TPSs illustrated not only their conceptions about the action of force, but also gave more fruitful details of their ideas, including (a) clues of their conceptions, (b) concrete situations, and (c) their past experiences with emotional components. On the whole, the TPS's appeared to be rather stable, affected by their past experiences, and needed to be analyzed into their sub-units for more subtle details. Finally, some practical ways of how to apply the ideas of the TPS to the conceptual learning of science are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.514-528
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• 2017

This study aims at exploring the transnational care for family members back home among the Nepalese marriage immigrant women in Korea on the bases of some transnational care practices like remittances, virtual intimacy through information and communication technologies, visit to Nepal, and invitation of family members to Korea. This study argues that in order to understand migrant women's care practices properly, Nepalese marriage immigrant women should be considered as 'being in-between' the societies and cultures of Nepal and Korea. This study identifies the characteristics of transnational care practices of Nepalese women are closely related to the role expectation for the eldest daughter as well as whether or not migrant women have children, jobs, and original family member in Korea. Furthermore, this study highlights that migrant women's transnational care practices should be considered as 'reciprocal exchange of cares' between marriage women and their family members rather than one-way benefits going to the latter.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2001

This study has been done in order to help the people understand the cancer patients and provide the basic materials for the care of cancer patients by deeply understanding the living experience of the practice of alternative therapy for cancer patients. Data were collected with several in depth interviews and observations. Collected datas were analyzed by using phenomenological method of study by Giorgi (1970). The trial experience of alternative therapy for cancer patients has been classified into the one of having concerns, following, being infatuated, and coming out by pushing, and the experience of having concerns appeared as the meaning of the limit of modern medicine, despair, loneliness. hope, emotional support. dissolution of the feeling of uneasiness. the feeling of burden of the medical expense, self-treating, the subject of treatment. and indifference while the experience of following appeared as the meaning of blind following, temptation, going outside to look for something, wandering. following unconditionally, advise of the professionals, mistaken belief. self-abandonment, powerlessness. disconnection of dialogue with the medical staff. elevation of immunity, strengthening the physical power, absence of the source of examined information, clinging, self-responsibility. the experience of being infatuated appeared as the meaning of thorough trial. affirmative experience. devotion. diverse efforts, faithful trial. affirmative self-suggestion. change of the style of life. the feeling of burden of expense, being envious, bitter feeling toward the family, considering family, family discords, and difficulty of enforcement. The experience of coming out by pushing appeared as the meaning of waiting. self-reflection. maintaining the distance. cutting attachment, throwing the greed away, coming out by pushing. being thoughtful. accepting disease. individual difference of physical quality, and ambivalence. But they return to the experience of being concerned all over again in case of recurrence or metastasis of the disease even though they come out of such stage, and they always have ambivalence even in the condition with no recurrence and metastasis. In conclusion, the trial of alternative therapy for cancer patients could be explained as the adaptive behavior to the disease which is difficult to be cured. the cancer. The cancer patients are exposed to the side effects and harm without the examined information resources. Therefore the nurse should well aware of the alternative therapy and be able to do the appropriative management through the open communication with the patients who are under the trial of alternative therapy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.653-661
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine the impacts of perceived stress and empathy ability on altruistic behavior of freshman nursing students. Data were collected from 160 freshman nursing students between 24 November and 9 December 2016. A total of 154 questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. The results showed that perceived stress had significant negative correlations with altruistic behavior (r=-0.178, p=0.028) as did positive perception, a subfactor of perceived stress (r=-0.347, p<0.001). However, empathy ability was significantly positively correlated with altruistic behavior (r=0.607, p<0.001). The factors influencing altruistic behavior included emotional empathy, cognitive empathy and positive perception, with emotional empathy being the most influential factor (${\beta}=0.320$), followed by cognitive empathy (${\beta}=0.312$), which together had an explanatory power of 41.6%. Moreover, there was a mediating effect of empathy ability in the relationship between positive perception and altruistic behavior. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the management of curricula for nursing college students should search for ways to reduce their perceived stress as well as increase their empathy ability in order to improve their altruistic behavior.