• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-91
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• 2014

This study aims to examine the patterns of middle-aged parents' intergenerational support exchange with their adult children and its effects on the happiness of the parents. The sample consisted of 765 middle-aged parents selected from the National Survey of Korean Families by the Ministry of Equality and Family in 2010. The results were as follows. First, intergenerational support exchange between parents and their adult children was categorized into four groups depending on the provider of support: parents who exchanged no support with their children, parents who only received support from their children, parents who only provided support to their children, and parents who exchanged support with their children. Second, parents who exchanged no support with their children were high in instrumental support and those who both provided and received support were high in emotional support. Third, consciousness of their children significantly affected the satisfaction level of their relationship with their children. The more the parents emphasize on the growth of their children, the more they were satisfied. Parents in the support exchange group were more satisfied when they received economic support from their children. With regard to instrumental and emotional support, parents were more satisfied when they provided support to or mutually exchanged support with their children. Forth, subjective health conditions, consciousness of their children, and household's income more significantly affected the happiness of middle-aged parents than the patterns of intergenerational support exchange. With regard to economic support, parents who only received support from their children were less happy than the other groups. With regard to instrumental support, parents who exchanged no support with their children were happier than the other groups. With regard to emotional support, parents who provided support to their children were happier than the other groups.

• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2014

This research is designed to identify factors that affect life satisfaction of the Korean elderly by studying residential environments and individual personalities as independent variables, and life satisfaction of the elderly as a dependent variable. It also includes emotional and instrumental support to describe relations between variables as mediating variables. It utilizes a questionnaire survey as its research method and studies those aged 65 and over living in urban, suburban and rural areas. In addition, regression and path analysis is used to identify casual links between different variables. The results are as follows: (1) Direct factors that impact emotional support are home ownership (direct effect= -.18) and transportation services (.15). That is, those who own their home and have easy access to public transpiration show increased levels of emotional support. (2) Direct factors that affect instrumental support are economic status (direct effect= .311) and living arrangement (.17). In other words, those who are financially stable and live with their children have more instrumental support. (3) Factors linked directly to life satisfaction of the elderly are their age (direct effect= -.10), health status (.19), economic status (.25), region of living (.22) and housing type (.19). (4) Among the mediating variables, emotional support has direct effect (.45) while instrumental support has indirect effect (.16).

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify factors(perceived health and social support) affecting social capital formation of the elderly. Methods: Samples consisted of 184 people aged over 65 years old in one county of Kyungsangbukdo. Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis. Results: First, social support(both emotional support and instrumental support) were significantly different by economic status. Secondly, regression analysis showed that perceived health affected a positive influence on social capital in Model1, which analyzed only perceived health. However, Model2, which analyzed perceived health and social support(emotional support, instrumental support) at the same time, showed that only instrumental support affected social capital formation. Conclusions: It was suggested to develop customized health promotion and job creation are required for social capital formation of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.303-324
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• 2009

This study examines the mediating effects of social support on the relationship between health status and depression of the elderly in Korea. Through stratified multi-state random sampling, 1409 individuals aged 65 and over who lived in Seoul and Chunchen, and who had their own children were selected. Social support was composed of three types: emotional support, instrumental and financial support, and included both support-received from and provided to children. The multiple regression model proposed by Kenny and Baron was used. As the results, first, the elderly get more depressed when having lower health status and lower social support. Second, there is a partial mediating effect of social support in association with health status and depression. Comparing by gender, instrumental support received from children, and emotional and instrumental support provided to children are mediators in the link between health status and depression in the case of male. In the case of female, emotional, instrumental and financial support received from children, and instrumental and financial support provided to children shows the mediating effects between health status and depression. The results suggest that social support both received from and provided to children reduces the negative impacts of health status on depression of the elderly in Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.9 no.1 s.17
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• pp.161-178
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• 1991

The purposes of this study are to investigate the impacts of social network support on the middle-aged housewives' crisis and to identify the importance of social network systems of modern families. The subjects of this study were unemployed housewives living in the Seoul area, whose age was from 40 to 59 and whose last child was older than 11 years old. Data were collected by structured questionnaire with the subjects(N= 404). The collected data were analyzed by Frequencies, onewy ANOVA, Scheffe-test, t-test. The major findings were as follows ; 1) Middle-aged housewives, who were the first half of 40's, university graduated, and bilieved in a religion, had lower crisis. 2) The association of social network support and middle-aged housewives' crisis, which were found to be significant were as follows ; (1) The more middle-aged housewives received total, emotional, instrumental support from husbands' families of origin, the lower their crisis was. (2) The more middle-aged housewives received total, emotional, informational, support from their families of origin, the lower their crisis was. (3) The more middle-aged housewives received total, emotional, instrumental support from their friends, the lower their crisis was. (4) The more middle-aged housewives received total, emotional, instrumental, social companionship support from their voluntary association members, the lower their crisis was.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.311-331
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• 1997

This study investigated the relationship between preschool children's social competence and perceived social support. The subjects were 85 children enrolled in 10 kindergartens and nurseries located in Seoul. Social support was assessed by children themselves with a social support dialogue Cask, "My Family and Friends," developed by Reid, Lamdegman, and Jaccard (1989). This task consists of 12 dialogues based on Vygotskian principles. Social competency was assessed by teachers with a slightly modified version of Song's Iowa Social Competency Scale (ISCS). The data were analyzed by frequencies percentiles, mean, one-way ANOVAs, and Pearson's correlations. Results showed that (1) Children perceived parents to be the best multi-purpose social providers: mothers for emotional support and fathers for instrumental support. (2) Children with unemployed mothers perceived higher maternal emotional, informational, and instrumental support than children with employed mothers. (3) Middle-class children perceived higher friendship support than upper-or lower-class children. (4) Friendship support was the one variable most significantly related to children's social competence.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.83-83
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate interpersonal support, tension in lifechanges & satisfaction. The selected sample is composed of 387 housewives in ChongJoo city. SAS pc program was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Data was analyzed by frequency, F-test, percentage, mean, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Regression Analysis. Major findings as follows: 1)At wedding & funeral ceremony, kin networks of her parents & parents-in law side were variables to have influence on tension in life changes. And the number of social organization participated were a variable to have influence on the satisfaction. The age of couple, education of couple, duration of marriage, income, family lifecycle, the number of children, pattern of family were variables to influence tension in life changes, but were not variables to influence on the satisfaction. 2) At usual or wedding & funeral ceremony, kin networks of her parents side were variables to influence on instrumental & companionship support. And the number of friends was a variable to influence on companionship & informational support. The number of neighbors was a variable to influence on instrumental, companionship & informational support. The number of social organization participated was a variable to influence on companionship & emotional support. The age of couple, education of couple,income, duration of marriage, family life cycle, number of children, family size, family type were variables to influence on interpersonal support. 3)The relationship between tension and satisfaction in life changes was negative, and between instrumental support and satisfaction was negative also. But between companionship support and satisfaction was positive relationship and between tension of personal &social life and instrumental support was positive relationship. The relationship between tension of marriage life and companionship support was negative and between tension of family life and information support was negative relationships. The received companionship support was lower tension in life changes than not received it. But the received instrumental support was higher tension of personal & social life. The received companionship & informational support was higher satisfaction than not received them. But the received instrumental support was lower satisfaction than not received it. 4) Instrumental & companionship support, at usual kin network of her parents in taw side, at wedding & funeral ceremony kin network of her parents side,were variables to influence on tension in life changes. Instrumental, companionship& informational support, at wedding & funeral ceremony kin network of her parents side, were variables to influence on the satisfaction

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.51-74
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• 2017

Objectives: This study observes how providing family support - financial, emotional, and instrumental - is related to depression in babyboom women. Method: I analysed data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families 5th wave, collected by the Korean Women's Development Institute. The analysis was conducted using regression, t-test, Chi-square test, frequency analysis, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: Financial support for grown-up children, either married or unmarried, increases depression in babyboom women. In the dimension of instrumental support, caring for grandchildren reduces babyboom women's depression. It implies that contact with grandchildren is perceived as an emotional support rather than a physical burden. The results of this study also show that babyboom women are comforted by living with their own parents, but not by living with parents-in-law. The most impressive observation, however, is in the dimension of emotional support, which showed that the conversation with elderly parents reduces baby-boom women's depression, but that the conversation with married children increases it. The opposite directions in the effects seem to be related to the subjects of the conversations. The subjects of the conversation with children are mostly about problems and agenda of the children, while those with elderly parents are mainly about parents' health and care for each other. Conclusions: The results of the analyses suggest that babyboom women should become less involved with their grown-up children's lives. It also calls for the societal efforts to be put into building up the support system, especially for eco-boom generation, to reduce babyboomer's burden of supporting the children.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.581-616
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of family support and social support on the hopelessness of rural elderly people in an effort to provide some information on the improvement of elderly people's quality of life. The rural elderly people investigated didn't think that they were given lots of support from their families and society, and they didn't feel hopeless a lot, either. The hopelessness of the elderly people was under the negative influence of emotional support and instrumental support among the subfactors of family support, and that was affected in a negative way by affective support among the subfactors of social support. Therefore it could be said that the rural elderly people felt hopeless less when they were provided with more emotional support, more instrumental support and more affective support. Overall, social support had a negative impact on the hopelessness of the rural elderly people. The findings of the study suggest that in order to step up the improvement of rural elderly people's quality of life, a well-functioning model should be developed and applied in collaboration with local community, and the construction of a social support network is required as well.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.57-69
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• 2003

This study focused on individual differences in social support among older adults. The purposes of this study were to investigate sex and age group differences in social support and to examine the effects of intergenerational social support on life satisfaction among the rural elderly. Data were from 545 elderly over 60 years of age living separately from adult children in the rural area. With regard to sex differences in support exchanges, no significant differences were found in support-giving and support-receiving. Men reported giving more financial support to children than women, while women reported receiving more financial support from children than men. With regard to age group differences in support exchanges, there was less support-giving in older age group. Older parents in their 60s reported giving more financial, instrumental, and emotional support and receiving less financial support than the group of age 70＋ Regression analyses showed that life satisfaction of both men and women was affected by support size and the frequency of contact with children. Giving financial and instrumental support was significantly associated with life satisfaction of men, but giving and receiving each type of social support had no effects on life satisfaction of women. Life satisfaction of parents in their 60s was found to be positively associated with support size, giving financial support and receiving emotional support, and negatively associated with giving instrumental support. In the group of age 70＋, the frequency of contact with adult children and giving financial support had positive influences on life satisfaction.