• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns and related factors of fatigue in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Method: 31 women with breast cancer receiving radiotherapy were recruited from the out-patient radiologic clinic of the university hospital in Seoul, Korea over a period of 3 months. Data was collected prospectively concerning three points for $5\frac{1}{2}\;-\;6\frac{1}{2}$ weeks : before radiotherapy(T1), 2 weeks after starting radiotherapy(T2) and the completion of radiotherapy(T3). Data were analysed by repeated measure ANOVA, Pearson correlaton, and multiple regression. Result: 1. Score of fatigue increased significantly over the course of radiotherapy. 2. Score of symptom distress and emotional distress increased and functional status scores decreased significantly over time. 3. Fatigue was positively related with symptom distress and emotional distress and negatively related with functional status over the course of radiotherapy. 4. At T2, emotional distress explained 24.7% of the variation in fatigue. At T3, symptom distress(41.9%) and emotional distress(7.2%) explained the variance in fatigue. Conclusion: The results of this study provided evidence that fatigue increased over the course of radiotherapy and symptom distress and emotional distress were influencing factors of fatigue in this group. The results of this study suggest that comprehensive intervention strategy for fatigue should be developed to maintain quality of life during and following radiotherapy considering these factors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.61-72
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate parental emotion regulation and children's understanding of emotional display rules. 31 boys and 29 girls of the first and fourth grades and their parents were selected for the subject. Sixty children were interviewed on eight interpersonal conflict situations and parent completed the PACES(Saarni, 1985) separately. The main results of this study were as follows. 1) Children's understanding of emotional display rules increased with age. 2) Children's primary justification for using emotional display rules was self-protective one. Girls used more often prosocial justification than boys. 3) Parental emotion regulation was significantly different between the two contexts: a child might cause another person substantial emotional distress and a child didn't cause another person substantial emotional distress. 4) Parental regulation was differed by children's age in the context that the child might cause another person substantial emotional distress. 5) Father's regulation was differed by children's sex in the context that the child might cause another person substantial emotional distress. 6) Maternal regulation was positively correlated to the level of emotional display rules in the context that the child might cause another person substantial emotional distress.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.309-326
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to preset the relationships between role conflict and psychological/physical distress of dual/earner families in Pusan. the questionnaire was composed of socio-economic status, wives' work time, spouse's emotional support scale, husbands' housework participation, role conflict scale, psychologica/physical distress scale. The major findings were as follows : 1. The level of role conflict and psychological/physical distress were higher among wives than among husbands. 2. Role conflict were the most important factor affecting the level of psychological/physical distress directly. 3. Wives' psychological/physical distress were significantly affected by role conflict and socio-economic status directly. Wives' psychological/physical distress were affected by wives' work time, husbands' emotional support, husbands' housework participation indirectly. 4. Husbands' psychological distress was significantly affected by role conflict and husbands' housework participation directly. Husbands' physical distress was significantly affected by role conflict directly. Husbands' psychological/physical distress were affected by wives' work time, wives' emotional support indirectly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2003

Purpose: A descriptive study was conducted to identify awareness of information, emotional distress, behavioral distress, and perceived value of information in clients who were scheduled for endoscopic examinations, and to determine correlations between the variables. Method: Participants were 87 clients who were scheduled for endoscopic examinations; gastroscopy, bronchoscopy, and colonoscopy. The questionnaires were collected from September to December, 2002 by a trained nurse. Self reports, interviews, and observations were used. Data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, means, Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA, and Scheffe post test using the SPSS/PC 9.0. Result: The score for awareness of information was 17.46, state anxiety was 47.26, emotional distress during exam was 2.90, behavioral distress was 11.18, and perceived value of information was 4.21, Clients aged above 60 showed significantly lower awareness of information than other groups. Clients undergoing broncoscopy reported significantly higher emotional distress during the ekam than subjects for colonoscopy. Clients undergoing gastroscopy showed significantly higher behavioral distress than any of the others. There were no relationships between awareness of information and anxiety, but, a significant positive relationship was found between anxiety and emotional distress during exam, between emotional distress and behavioral distress, and between awareness of information and perceived value of information. Conclusion: Awareness of information by the clients through provision of an educational booklet was low, and clients showed moderate level of state anxiety. Research studies are needed to compare providing information with other interventions for comfortable progress of endoscopic examinations. Especially specific strategies should be established for elderly clients to facilitate awareness of information.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.411-419
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• 2022

The aim of this research was to verify the mediating effects of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and distress tolerance on the relationship between harm avoidance and depression. A total of 403 university students completed TCI-RS(Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short version), AEQ-K(Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire-Korean), DTS (Distress Tolerance Scale) and CES-D(The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). The results revealed that harm avoidance and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness were positively related with depression, and negatively related with distress tolerance. In addition, the relationship of harm avoidance and depression was successively mediated by ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and distress tolerance. That is, the motivation of emotional expression conflict may have an effect on depression and the distress tolerance would play an important role in therapeutic intervention of depression.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and determine predictors of emotional distress of military hospital surgical patients. Methods : This study examined 104 orthopedic patients admitted to the Armed Forces Military Hospital September-November 2018. For the study, every subject completed self-assessment inventories regarding depressive and anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), sleep problems (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), problematic alcohol and tobacco use (Cut off, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener screening), and psychiatric history. We performed the Student's t-test and the chi-square test for the collected data to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, including emotional distress. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the risk factors related to emotional distress of hospitalized military personnel. Results : There were no significant differences in socio-demographic and psychiatric symptoms between soldiers and officers. The prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms (emotional distress) was 21.2% (n=21). In the logistic regression analysis, psychiatric history [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=18.99 ; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=1.42-253.57 ; p=0.026] and low military life satisfaction (AOR=15.67; 95% CI=1.46-168.11 ; p=0.023) correlated with emotional distress. Conclusion : Soldiers admitted to the military hospital showed similar prevalence of emotional distress as those at general hospitals. Considering military circumstances, it is necessary to detect and intervene regarding soldiers with a psychiatric history and low military life satisfaction to promote mental health at military hospitals.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2004

purpose: The study was done to analyze the concept of moral distress in nurses. Method: The Hybrid Model was used in this study. For the theoretical phase, nursing and other literature were reviewed to analyze attributes and develop a working definition of the concept, moral distress in nurses. For the fieldwork phase, In-depth interviews were conducted with six nurses. Results: Four higher level concepts of moral distress in nurses were found; situational, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional, and 8 subscales, negative medical behavior, negative nursing behavior, excessive economic load, irrational organization administration, internal restraints, external restraints, negative behavioral responses, and negative emotional responses. Conclusion: it is necessary to develop programs of arbitration that will lessen the moral distress in nurses working in clinical practice.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.314-322
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to investigate relationships among distress, depression, anxiety, and spiritual needs of hospitalized patients with stomach cancer. Methods: The participants were 120 in-patients with stomach cancer for surgery or chemotherapy at C University in Seoul from December 2010 to February 2011. To measure emotional and spiritual states was used Distress management version 1 (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN), the Hospital anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Spiritual Needs Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0, specifically descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: Distress showed positive correlations with anxiety (r=.49, p<.001), and depression (r=.44, p<.001). Anxiety showed positive correlations with depression (r=.59, p<.001). While, depression showed negative correlations with spiritual needs (r=-.25, p<.001). Conclusion: This study's findings show that hospitalized patients with stomach cancer experienced distress, anxiety, depression and high spiritual needs. Distress, anxiety, and depression of patients with stomach cancer were positively correlated with each other. While the level of depression was negatively correlated with the level of spiritual needs, indicating the higher the level of depression, the lower the spiritual needs. Therefore, nursing interventions for emotional and spiritual support need to be developed for stomach cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-199
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• 2007

The relation of parents' emotion socialization to emotionality in their 5-year-old children was studied in 106 mothers and 105 fathers. They reported on their own family-related emotional expressiveness and on their children's negative emotions by questionnaires; mothers rated children on both positive and negative emotionality. Results showed that mothers expressed positive and negative emotions more frequently, and mothers showed more distress, expressive encouragement, and problem-focused reactions to children's negative emotions than fathers. Mothers' emotional expressiveness was related to children's emotionality, whereas only fathers' negative emotional expressiveness was related to children's negative emotionality. Mothers' distress and punitive reactions were associated with children's positive and negative emotionality. Mothers' problem-focused and emotion-focused and fathers' problem-focused reactions were associated with children's positive emotionality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of patient's psycological distress on social support in the view of patient's regulatory focus. Methods : For this study 300 questionnaires were distributed to medical institution, Busan from July 19 through August 4, 2010. The contents item divided the general characteristics, social support, psychological distress, and regulatory focus. The collected data were analyzed by t-test and multi-regression analysis. Results : The results show that patient's psychological distress is significantly influenced by physical therapist's emotional support and informational support. Also, there were difference with the effect of psychological distress on social supports in the physical therapists according to patient's regulatory focus. Conclusion : The instrumental support is more important to patient with promotion-focus than patient with prevention-focus. The implication of this research confirmed that physical therapist's social support plays important role in decreasing patient's psychological distress.