• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2007

This study explores children's categories of emotion understanding from facial expressions onto two dimensional structure of emotion. Children of 89 from 3 to 5 years old were required to those facial expressions related the fourteen emotion terms. Facial expressions applied for experiment are used the photographs rated the degree of expression in each of the two dimensions (pleasure-displeasure dimension and arousal-sleep dimension) on a nine-point scale from 54 university students. The experimental results showed that children indicated the greater stability in arousal dimension than stability in pleasure-displeasure dimension. Emotions about sadness, sleepiness, anger and surprise onto two dimensions was understand very well, but emotions about fear, boredom were showed instability in pleasure-displeasure dimension. Specifically, 3 years old children indicated highly the perception in a degree of arousal-sleep than perception of pleasure-displeasure.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.789-796
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to test a large screen and rear-projected virtual reality (VR) interface in color choice for environmental design. The study piloted a single three-dimensional model of a bedroom including furniture in different color combinations. Using a mouse with an $8'{\times}6'$ rear-projector screen, participants could move 360 degree motion in each room. The study used 34 college students who viewed and interacted with virtual rooms projected on a large screen, then filled out a survey. This study aimed to understand the interaction between the users and the VR interface through measurable dimensions of the interaction: interest and user perceptions of presence and emotion. Specifically, the study focused on spatial presence, topic involvement, and enjoyment. Findings should inform design researchers how empirical evidence involving environmental effects can be obtained using a VR interface and how users experience the interaction with the interface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.52-67
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• 2017

This is the precedent study on the modern fashion design using Korean emotions, and its aim is to study the expressions in the modern fashion based on 'Jeong-Jung-Dong' idea from Korean dancing, which implicates the Korean emotion deeply among the artworks and give essence similar to the clothing. 'Jeong-Jung-Dong', a unique idea, in the Korean traditional dancing is the philosophy that involve the paradox expression, 'Movement in Silence,' which represented the emotion of Korean dancing for a long time. The main characteristics deducted in 'Jeong-Jung-Dong' were 1) the incomplete and complete by atypical, 2) the beauty of temperance by symbolism, and 3) amusing mutual relationship. Upon the analysis results of previous studies on the expressions in the modern fashion with 'Jeong-Jung-Dong', they demonstrated the atypical expressed by metaphor, symbolic expression through margin, and mutual relational table by harmony. The analysis of modern fashion expression by 'Jeong-Jung-Dong', which is a philosophical idea in the Korean dancing, could highlight the new way of looking at the clothing and systemize the theory on the Korean emotion to seek the effective expression of artistic features for the culture together with introduction of our unique emotion in the creative design process by understanding of humanitarian and philosophical ideologies to be utilized in the future Fashion Design.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.37-48
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• 2014

Social emotion is being highlighted as an important factor of human life in terms of quality of communication as a variety of social networks are commonly used. To understand such social emotion, this study verifies and analyzes the significance of lexical meaning and expression of emotion basically for understanding of complex meaning of social emotion. The emotional expressions represented in SNS text messages, one of the major channel of communication, are examined in this study to create scales of meaning and expression and to understand the differences deeply. As a result of the analysis, it turned out that negative assessment factors were more than positive ones among social emotional factors while positive ones were outstandingly many in the case of social emotional expression. Social emotional factors were classified by basic emotional elements and valences while emotional expression included complex meaning and especially positive elements were dominant in general.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.107-118
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• 2022

Human can rapidly detect and deal with dangerous elements in their environment, and they generally manifest as attentional bias toward threat. Past studies have reported that this attentional bias is affected by anxiety level. Other studies, however, have argued that children and adolescents show attentional bias to threatening stimuli, regardless of their anxiety levels. Few studies directly have compared the two age groups in terms of attentional bias to threat, and furthermore, most previous studies have focused on attentional capture and the early stages of attention, without investigating further attentional holding by the stimuli. In this study, we investigated both attentional bias patterns (attentional capture and holding) with respect to negative emotional stimulus in neurotypical adults and adolescents. The effects of anxiety level on attentional bias were also examined. The results obtained for adult participants showed that abrupt onset of a distractor delayed attentional capture to the target, regardless of distractor type (angry or neutral faces), while it had no effect on attention holding. In adolescents, on the other hand, only the angry face distractor resulted in longer reaction time for detecting a target. Regarding anxiety, state anxiety revealed a significant positive correlation with attentional capture to a face distractor in adult participants but not in adolescents. Overall, this is the first study to investigate developmental tendencies of attentional bias to negative facial emotion in both adults and adolescents, providing novel evidence on attentional bias to threats at different ages. Our results can be applied to understanding the attentional mechanisms in people with emotion-related developmental disorders, as well as typical development.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2023

This study explores the intersection of literary studies and artificial intelligence (AI), focusing on the common theme of human emotions to foster complementary advancements in both fields. By adopting a comparative perspective, the paper investigates emotion as a shared focal point, analyzing various emotion-related concepts from both literary and AI perspectives. Despite the scarcity of research on the fusion of AI and literary studies, this study pioneers an interdisciplinary approach within the humanities, anticipating future developments in AI. It proposes that literary sensibility can contribute to AI by formalizing subjective literary emotions, thereby enhancing AI's understanding of complex human emotions. This paper's methodology involves the terminology-centered extraction of emotions, aiming to blend subjective imagination with objective technology. This fusion is expected to not only deepen AI's comprehension of human complexities but also broaden literary research by rapidly analyzing diverse human data. The study emphasizes the need for a collaborative dialogue between literature and engineering, recognizing each field's limitations while pursuing a convergent enhancement that transcends these boundaries.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.146-160
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• 2024

Background and Purpose: The emotions of people at various stages of dementia need to be effectively utilized for prevention, early intervention, and care planning. With technology available for understanding and addressing the emotional needs of people, this study aims to develop speech emotion recognition (SER) technology to classify emotions for people at high risk of dementia. Methods: Speech samples from people at high risk of dementia were categorized into distinct emotions via human auditory assessment, the outcomes of which were annotated for guided deep-learning method. The architecture incorporated convolutional neural network, long short-term memory, attention layers, and Wav2Vec2, a novel feature extractor to develop automated speech-emotion recognition. Results: Twenty-seven kinds of Emotions were found in the speech of the participants. These emotions were grouped into 6 detailed emotions: happiness, interest, sadness, frustration, anger, and neutrality, and further into 3 basic emotions: positive, negative, and neutral. To improve algorithmic performance, multiple learning approaches were applied using different data sources-voice and text-and varying the number of emotions. Ultimately, a 2-stage algorithm-initial text-based classification followed by voice-based analysis-achieved the highest accuracy, reaching 70%. Conclusions: The diverse emotions identified in this study were attributed to the characteristics of the participants and the method of data collection. The speech of people at high risk of dementia to companion robots also explains the relatively low performance of the SER algorithm. Accordingly, this study suggests the systematic and comprehensive construction of a dataset from people with dementia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.375-388
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• 2021

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of consumer behavior during the COVID-19 by comparing blog reviews of an over-the-top (OTT) online video service from before and during the pandemic. We anticipate that the COVID-19 outbreak prompts the use of the OTT service as part of an emotion-focused coping strategy derived from the loss of personal control and the subsequent avoidance motivation. We also posit that a strong yearning for life before COVID-19 will increase interest in the content that fulfills a need for nostalgia. Our analysis of Netflix reviews provides empirical evidence of the effects of an emotion-focused coping strategy and nostalgia on OTT service usage. First, the titles of the reviews posted during COVID-19 indicate that consumers were less likely to mention OTT services other than Netflix, more interested in domestic content, and used OTT services as an avoidance-denial strategy. Second, the blog content demonstrates that while pre-COVID reviews tend to focus on the practical benefits of OTT services, those posted during the pandemic focus on mood, emotions, and dialogue. In addition, interest in comedy and romance genres increased during COVID-19. Third, we identified a greater preference for realistic or everyday content that depicted the pre-pandemic era. This is the first empirical study to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on video streaming usage in Korea. In addition, this research contributes to the field of marketing by expanding our understanding of online video service users during COVID-19 and identifies practical implications for OTT services in the midst of a pandemic.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2014

Many a number of policies have been tried to reduce auto accidents so far, but it is obvious that further studies are still needed to find a more fundamental and multi-dimensional preventive measure with effect. The National Mental Health Statistics shows that the most profound forms of negative emotions, that is, depression and anxiety, have been increasing, but studies on such a topic are scarce to find. Therefore, we conducted a structural analysis between the negative emotions, including depression and anxiety, of drivers and their driving behaviors using a Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) technique. The review of past literature and studies indicated that not all of human emotions manifest themselves as the ultimate behaviors because they go through emotion regulation Strategies. For this reason, the purpose of this study was set to analyze the structural model developed in this study reflecting the emotion regulation strategies. The result of our analysis showed that the driver's negative emotion had a more significant influence on dangerous driving behaviors than safe ones, and especially, the expressive suppression strategy was found to be the highest factor. Also, the total effect analysis with the negative emotional factors showed that expressive suppression had more significant influence compared to that of cognitive reappraisal. The implication of this study might provide a better understanding on driving behaviors of the drivers and could be used as a fundamental study for future policy development to reduce traffic accidents.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.479-487
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• 2019

The study sought to reveal the impact of focusing attitudes and cognitive emotion regulation on post-traumatic growth for adolescent athletes with trauma experiences. A preliminary survey was conducted on 215 middle and high school athletes in the S city and K provinces. The impact of focusing attitudes and cognitive emotion regulation on post-traumatic growth was verified using validated questionnaires. The results for the purpose and method of study are as follows. Focusing attitudes and cognitive emotion regulation of adolescent athletes affect post-traumatic growth. Positive reappraisal was the most influential factor affecting post-traumatic growth, followed by the factors influencing the aware, acceptance, accept, reflect and positive refocusing. In order to experience post-traumatic growth through the results of this study, it is important to understand the overall understanding and tactics of focusing attitudes and cognitive emotion regulation. Therefore, effective psychological training methods will be needed to positively control the level of focusing attitudes and cognitive emotion regulation among adolescent athletes.