• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2010

각종 질병, 사고 및 재해로 인한 응급환자에게 현장응급처치를 시행하고 의료기관 이송업무를 수행하는 119구급대원이 정당한 직무수행과정에서 폭행피해를 당하는 일이 발생하고 있다. 병원 전 단계에서의 구급대원이나 응급의료센터에서 의료진을 폭행하는 가해자의 특징은 음주상태인 연령 30~40대의 남성이라는 점, 환자본인과 가족이나 동료와 같은 보호자에 의한 경우가 많고, 주로 야간시간에 발생하고 있다. 응급의료센터에서는 청원경찰 등의 안전요원을 24시간 배치하고, 관할 경찰지구대와 직통 연락망을 설치하는 등 응급실 난동 및 폭행과 같은 비상사태에 대비하고 있다. 하지만, 소방은 녹음기를 지급하고, 구급차에 녹화장치를 설치한 것 이외에는 별다른 대처방안조차 마련되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 119구급대의 폭행피해실태 및 사례를 기초로 공무집행방해죄에 대한 법리와 별도 처벌조항의 신설 필요여부 등에 대하여 살펴보고, 119구급대의 폭행피해 예방 및 대응방안에 대하여 논하고자 한다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2017

Emergencies and disasters can happen any time without any warning, and things can change and escalate very quickly, and often it is swift and decisive actions that make all the difference. It is a responsibility of the building facility management to ensure that a proven evacuation plan in place to cover various worst scenario to handled automatically inside the facility. To mapping out optimal safe escape routes is a straightforward undertaking, but does not necessarily guarantee residents the highest level of protection. The emergency evacuation navigation approach is a state-of-the-art that designed to evacuate human livings during an emergencies based on real-time decisions using live sensory data with pre-defined optimum path finding algorithm. The poor decision on causalities and guidance may apparently end the evacuation process and cannot then be remedied. This paper propose a cloud connected emergency evacuation system model to react dynamically to changes in the environment in emergency for safest emergency evacuation using IoT based emergency exit sign system. In the previous researches shows that the performance of optimal routing algorithms for evacuation purposes are more sensitive to the initial distribution of evacuees, the occupancy levels, and the type and level of emergency situations. The heuristic-based evacuees routing algorithms have a problem with the choice of certain parameters which causes evacuation process in real-time. Therefore, this paper proposes an evacuee routing algorithm that optimizes evacuation by making using high computational power of cloud servers. The proposed algorithm is evaluated via a cloud-based simulator with different "simulated casualties" are then re-routed using a Dijkstra's algorithm to obtain new safe emergency evacuation paths against guiding evacuees with a predetermined routing algorithm for them to emergency exits. The performance of proposed approach can be iterated as long as corrective action is still possible and give safe evacuation paths and dynamically configure the emergency exit signs to react for real-time instantaneous safe evacuation guidance.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2020

A descending lifeline is the only self-escape fire apparatus for fire in high-rise buildings and is installed in most buildings according to fire-fighting law. However, it is difficult to properly use and quickly evacuate during an emergency due to its complex installation methods and procedures, even if users are pre-educated. In this paper, a new one-touch descending lifeline, which simplifies usage procedures and can be used regardless of whether users are educated, is proposed to solve the drawbacks of the conventional descending lifeline. All separate parts that require additional installation are initially assembled in a box, and the concept of a double square linkage is proposed to enable escape in a single motion of pushing the handle attached to the box. Three steps of kinematic design are explored to determine an appropriate configuration of double square linkage, and its dimensions are determined using Matlab and NX CAD software. The proposed all-in-one descending lifeline also follows the enforcement decree of the Fire Control Act, and its feasibility is verified through fabrication.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

A transient 3-D numerical simulation was performed to analyze the fire safety in a railway tunnel equipped with a mechanical ventilation system. The behavior of pollutants was studied for the emergency operation mode of ventilation system in case of fire in the center of the rescue station and near the escape route. Various schemes of escape route construction for connection angle($45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, 135^{\circ}$) and slope($10^{\circ}$) were evaluated for the ventilation efficiency in the fire near the escape route. From the results, it was shown that the mode of the ventilation fan operation which pressurizes the tunnel not under the fire and ventilates the smoke from the tunnel under the fire is most effective for the smoke control in the tunnel in case of the fire occurrence. It was also shown that the blowing of jet fan from the rescue tunnel to the main tunnel should be in the same direction as the flow direction in the main tunnel arising from the traffic and the buoyancy.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.452-461
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• 2005

대면 교행 터널의 경우 차량의 교행으로 사고 위험성이 일방향 터널에 비해 1.5배 정도 높으므로 화재가 발생할 위험성도 커지게 되며, 터널내 화재시 입출구로 이용객이 대피하므로 인명 대피 완료전까지 제트팬을 가동하지 못하는 문제가 있다. 특히 장대터널의 경우 연기확산으로 인하여 대형 인명 피해가 발생하기 때문에 터널내에 별도의 인명 대피 통로와 배연 시스템을 구축하여 인명 피해를 최소화하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 화재 시뮬레이션 및 축소모형실험을 수행하여 터널내에 구축된 배연시스템의 효과를 검증하였다. 실험결과 대피 통로만 설치시는 최종 인명 대피 시간이 335초가 소요되었으나, 배연 시스템을 구축할 때는 185초가 소요되었다. 또한 화재원 부근의 온도가 $60^{\circ}C$ 정도 감소되었으며, 연기 확산 속도는 배연 시스템 미가동시 $0.36\~0.82\;m/sec$이고, 가동시는 $0.27\~0.58\;m/sec$로 현격히 감소하였다. 위 결과로부터 대피자의 이동속도가 $0.7\~1.0\;m/sec$인 점을 고려할 때, 150 m 간격으로 설치된 피난문을 통해 안전한 대피가 가능하였다. 본 연구는 배연시스템에 대한 화재모형실험 분석을 통해 향후 대면 교행 터널의 방재에 대한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 의미가 있다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to improve coping abilities of elementary school students in emergency situations. Method: The data were collected from 1633 3-6th grade elementary school students using a self-report questionnaire. Results: 1) The mean score for the coping ability of the students was low at .38(${\pm}.36$). 2) The mean scores for the 8 categories were, [Care for common symptoms], .54(${\pm}.48$), [Call for help & check], .47(${\pm}.43$), [Care for injury by heat cold & foreign body], .39(${\pm}.45$), [Care for tissue damage], .36(${\pm}.44$), [Offering help], .36(${\pm}.42$), [Rescue & escape], .31(${\pm}.51$), [Evacuation], .28(${\pm}.49$), and [Appropriate response for the situation], .27(${\pm}.43$). The mean scores for 2 areas were, 'Acting tips', .35(${\pm}.36$) and 'First aid', .42(${\pm}.40$). There were significant differences in coping ability according to students' gender (t=4.964, p<.001), and family type (t=-2.484, p=.013). 4) Among the categories, there were significant correlations between all 8 categories and significant correlation between 'Acting tips' and 'First aid' (r=.808, p<.001), 'Acting tips' and 'Coping ability' (r=.956, p<.001), and 'First aid' and 'Coping ability' (r=.946, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings indicate a need for programs to improve the coping ability of elementary school students in emergency situations.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop an instrument to measure coping in emergency situations. Methods: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation 60 primary items, verification of construct validity and extraction of final items. The.60 preliminary items were reviewed for content validity by seven experts and were tested to evaluate inter-item correlation coefficient by three groups of elementary school students. From November 1 to December 10, 2008, data were collected from 920 elementary school students according to residential characters (major city, small town, rural area). Item analysis, factor analysis with rotation Varimax and Cronbach's alpha were used to analyze the data. Results: 1) There were 45 items in the final instrument categorized into 8 factors. 2) The factors were labeled as "Call for help and check" (8 items), "Care for common symptoms" (6 items), "Appropriate response for the situation" (5 items), "Evacuation" (6 items), "Care for tissue damage" (8 items), "Care for injury by heat, cold or foreign body" (6 items), "Offer help" (4 items) and "Rescue & escape" (2 items). 3) Cumulative percent of variance was 53.10% and eigen values ranged from 1.04 to 13.38. 4) Cronbach's alpha for the total was .943 and ranged from .527 to .869. Conclusion: Validity and reliability of the scale are confirmed in this study showing its utility for measuring coping in emergency situations with elementary school students. Utilization of the scale will also contribute to designing appropriate coping education programs for elementary school students.

• 디지털정책학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2023

최근 사람이 많이 모이는 극장에서 갑자기 화재가 나서, 대피로를 찾지 못한 많은 사람들이 뒤엉켜 다치고 연기를 마시어 질식하는 등 대형 화재 사고가 있었다. 젊은 사람이 대부분인 상황에도 대피하지 못하였는데 만약 노약자였다면 더 큰 인명피해로 이어질 수 있었다. 특히 실내의 경우는 GPS로부터 정확한 위치정보를 전달받기 어렵기 때문에 비콘을 이용한 위치기반서비스와 직관적으로 스마트폰을 이용하여 증강현실로 대피로를 보여주는 긴급대피 시스템이 절실하게 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 비콘(Beacon)과 화재센서(IoT) 이용한 화재위치 및 대피로 경로 파악을 바탕으로 하여 증강현실 기반의 긴급대피용 스마트폰 앱을 개발하였다. 향후 제안 시스템이 사람이 밀집되는 실내공간에 적용된다면 갑작스런 화재사고에서도 신속한 대피가 가능하여 인명피해를 최소화 할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2020

The author Nakajima was involved in the field of disaster communications and emergency medical care as guest research scientist at the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission established by the National Diet of Japan and reviewer of the Commission's report, and Kurokawa was the chairman of this Commission. Looking back over a decade, we are on the liability issue of bureaucrats and telecom operators, so it's becoming clear what was hidden at the time. The battery of NTT DoCoMo's mobile phone repeaters had a capacity of only about 24 hours, and communication failures increased after one day. The Government also failed to issue an announcement of "Vent from reactor" under the Telecommunications Act Article No. 129. This mistake lost the opportunity to use the third-party telecommunications (e.g. taxi radios). Furthermore, as a result of LASCOM (telecommunications satellite network for local governments via GEO) and a variety of unexpected communication failures, the evacuation order "Escape!" could not be notified to the general public well. As a result, the general public was exposed to unnecessary radiation exposure. Such bureaucratic slow action in emergencies is common in the response to the 2020 coronavirus.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.75-89
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to understand the physical accessibility of the child care centers for disabled children in Japan. Fifteen centers located in Tokyo, Japan were surveyed through sketching, measuring, taking pictures, and observation. To understand the user's needs. the directors of the centers were interviewed. As a result,the followings suggestions were proposed. First, when the entrance of the center is close to the road, careful design for the entrance area is required to secure the safety of children using wheelchairs. If possible, a fence or door between the corridor and entrance is necessary. Second, most aspects of accessibility are pretty well designed. But a canopy over the entrance area is required to escape the rain. Third, a wider corridor space is desirable for storing and driving wheelchairs and for special equipment for the disabled. Forth, because the emergency exits were installed but not used, the new and safer emergency exits should be installed. These results will be a good case reference for developing Korean design guidelines for the children with disabilities.