• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.355-368
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• 2005

Large and complex structures are being built now-a-days and, they are required to be functional even under extreme loading and environmental conditions. In order to meet the safety and maintenance demands, there is a need to build sensors integrated structural system, which can sense and provide necessary information about the structural response to complex loading and environment. Sophisticated tools have been developed for the design and construction of civil engineering structures. However, very little has been accomplished in the area of monitoring and rehabilitation. The employment of appropriate sensor is therefore crucial, and efforts must be directed towards non-destructive testing techniques that remain functional throughout the life of the structure. Fiber optic sensors are emerging as a superior non-destructive tool for evaluating the health of civil engineering structures. Flexibility, small in size and corrosion resistance of optical fibers allow them to be directly embedded in concrete structures. The inherent advantages of fiber optic sensors over conventional sensors include high resolution, ability to work in difficult environment, immunity from electromagnetic interference, large band width of signal, low noise and high sensitivity. This paper brings out the potential and current status of technology of fiber optic sensors for civil engineering applications. The importance of employing fiber optic sensors for health monitoring of civil engineering structures has been highlighted. Details of laboratory studies carried out on fiber optic strain sensors to assess their suitability for civil engineering applications are also covered.

• 센서학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 복합재료에 삽입된 광섬유센서의 인장하중하에서의 정적 물성치와 피로하중하에서의 동적 물성치를 실험적인 방법과 유한요소해석을 통하여 고찰하였다. 결과에 의하면 삽입된 광섬유센서는 인접한 강화섬유에 수직한 방향으로 삽입된 피로하중의 경우를 제외하고 복합재료의 기계적인 물성치에 큰 영향을 끼치지 않는다고 결론지을 수 있다. 광강도형 광섬유센서를 복합재료 적층판에 삽입하여 복합재 적층판의 강성저하를 측정함으로써 직교적층판 피로손상을 검출하였다. 이 실험의 결과에 의하면 광강도형 광섬유센서는 간단하고 저렴한 장치와 측정된 신호의 복잡한 후처리 과정이 필요 없다는 장점으로 인하여 구조물의 강성저하를 측정하여 피로손상을 감시하는데 있어서 큰 잠재력을 가진다고 할 수 있다. 또한 삽입된 광강도형 광섬유센서는 우수한 내 피로성과 넓은 강성측정 범위를 보였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2009

Biomedical mobile devices for ubiquitous healthcare consist of biomedical sensors and communication terminal. They have two types of configuration. One is the sensor-network type device using wired or wireless communication with intelligent sensors to acquire biomedical data. The other is the sensor embedded type device, where the data can be acquired directly by itself. There are many examples of sensor network type, such as, fall detection sensor, blood glucose sensor, and ECG sensors networked with commercial PDA phone and commercial phone terminal for ubiquitous healthcare. On the other hand, sensor embedded type mounts blood glucose sensor, accelerometer, and etc. on commercial phone. However, to enable true ubiquitous healthcare, motion sensing is essential, because users go around anywhere and their signals should be measured and monitored, when they are affected by the motion. Therefore, in this paper, two biomedical mobile devices with motion monitoring function were addressed. One is sensor-network type with motion monitoring function, which uses Zigbee communication to measure the ECG, PPG and acceleration. The other is sensor-embedded type with motion monitoring function, which also can measure the data and uses the built-in cellular phone network modem for remote connection. These devices are expected to be useful for ubiquitous healthcare in coming aged society in Korea.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.339-343
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• 2012

Security and monitoring system has many applications and commonly used for detection, warning, alarm, etc. As the networking technology advances, user requirements are getting higher. An intelligent and cooperative surveillance system is proposed to meet current user demands and improve the performance. This paper focuses on the implementation issue for the embedded intelligent surveillance system. To cover wide area cooperative function is implemented and connected by wireless sensor network technology. Also to improve the performance lots of sensors are employed into the surveillance system to reduce the error but improve the detection probability. The proposed surveillance system is composed of vision sensor (camera), mic array sensor, PIR sensor, etc. Between the sensors, data is transferred by IEEE 802.11s or Zigbee protocol. We deployed a private network for the sensors and multiple gateways for better data throughput. The developed system is targeted to the traffic accident detection and alarm. However, its application can be easily changed to others by just changing software algorithm in a DSP chip.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2020

The performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chipset and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors embedded in smartphones for location-based services (LBS) is limited due to the economic reasons for their mass production. Therefore, it is necessary to efficiently process the output data of the smartphone's embedded sensors in order to derive the optimum navigation values and, as a previous step, output performance of smartphone embedded sensors needs to be verified. This paper analyzes the navigation performance of such devices by processing the raw measurements data output from smartphones. For this, up-to-dated versions of smartphones provided by Samsung (Galaxy s10e) and Xiaomi (Mi 8) are used in the test experiment to compare their performances and characteristics. The GNSS and IMU data are extracted and saved by using an open market application software (Geo++ RINEX Logger & Mobile MATLAB), and then analyzed in post-processing manner. For GNSS chipset, data is extracted from static environments and verified the position, Carrier-to-Noise (C/N₀), Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) performance. For IMU sensor, the validity of navigation and various location-based-services is predicted by extracting, storing and analyzing data in static and dynamic environments.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.26-36
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• 2001

Smart sensors and actuators have recently been developed. In this study, first, small-diameter fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors developed by the author, whose cladding and polyimide coating diameters were 40 and $52{\mu}m$, respectively, were embedded inside a laminate without resin-rich regions around sensors and the deterioration of mechanical properties of the composite laminate. The small-diameter FBG sensor was embedded in $0^{\circ}$ ply of a CFRP laminate for the detection of transverse cracks in $90^{\circ}$ ply of the laminate. The reflection spectra from the FBG sensor were measured at various tensile stresses. The spectrum became broad and had some peaks with an increase of the transverse crack density. Furthermore, the theoretical calculation reproduced the change in the spectrum very well. These results show that the small-diameter FBG sensors have a potential to detect the occurrence of transverse cracks through the change in the form of the spectrum, and to evaluate the transverse crack density quantitatively by the spectrum width. On the other hand, shape memory alloy (SMA) films were used to suppress the initiation and growth of transverse cracks in CFRP laminates. Pre-strained SMA films were embedded between laminas in CFRP laminates and then heated to introduce the recovery stress in SMA films and compressive stresses in the weakest plies ($90^{\circ}$ ply). The effects of recovery stresses are demonstrated in the experiments and well predicted using the shear-lag analysis and the nonlinear constitutive equation of SMA films.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.369-384
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• 2005

The main objectives of this paper are to demonstrate the feasibility of using newly developed smart GFRP reinforcements to effectively monitor reinforced concrete beams subjected to flexural and creep loads, and to develop non-linear numerical models to predict the behavior of these beams. The smart glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars are fabricated using a modified pultrusion process, which allows the simultaneous embeddement of Fabry-Perot fiber-optic sensors within them. Two beams are subjected to static and repeated loads (until failure), and a third one is under long-term investigation for assessment of its creep behavior. The accuracy and reliability of the strain readings from the embedded sensors are verified by comparison with corresponding readings from surface attached electrical strain gages. Nonlinear finite element modeling of the smart concrete beams is subsequently performed. These models are shown to be effective in predicting various parameters of interest such as crack patterns, failure loads, strains and stresses. The strain values computed by these numerical models agree well with corresponding readings from the embedded fiber-optic sensors.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2022

Through the development and dissemination of embedded devices, studies that may help patients are rapidly emerging. Recently, as wearable devices have become one of the ways to diagnose diseases in daily life, they are being studied as a way to assist severely ill patients to lead their daily lives. Among them, a method of detecting and giving signals to detect and solve symptoms using acceleration sensors to diagnose Parkinson's disease is being studied, and there is no study to measure and analyze various factors that can affect Parkinson's disease. To solve them, we designed and developed a wearable device, P-Band, with various sensors capable of diagnosing related symptoms, including acceleration sensors capable of diagnosing Parkinson's disease. In this paper, the overall structure of the P-Band and the description and operation method of the measurable sensors are presented. In addition, it was confirmed that the symptoms of Parkinson's patients could be determined complexly through the results measured in actual patients.

• 센서학회지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 광섬유센서를 지능형 복합재 구조물에 적용하기 위한 기초적 연구의 일부로서, 구조물내에서의 광섬유센서의 건전성 평가와 주조물에 유발된 변현 및 손상에 대한 광섬유센서의 신호검출 거동을 연구 검토하였다. 첫째로, 최약체결파손이론에 거한 광섬유센서의 누적파손분포를 비교하고 수정계수를 도입함으로써, 굽힘시험이 인장시험을 대신할 수 있음을 보였다. 실험에 의해 Weibull 파라미터를 얻고, 굽힘시험에서 유도된 누적파손분포에 적용될 수정계수를 구했다. 열처리한 강섬유센서와 열처리하지 않은 광섬유센서의 인장강도 평균값을 비교함으로써 복합재료 적층관의 경화 사이클 동안 열처리에 의해 야기되는 광섬유센서의 건전성을 평가하였다. 둘째로, 직교적층판과 일방향적층판의 인장시험에서 측정된 시편의 응력-변형률과 삽입된 광섬유센서를 통과한 레이저신호 세기와의 관계를 검토하고, 광섬유센서를 이용한 효과적 손상검출 가능성을 연구 검토하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.397-404
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• 1999

It is essential to measure load transfer mechanism of pile to check the appropriateness of assumptions made for design purpose and to continuously monitor the behavior of pile foundation. Through many attempts to monitor the behavior of super-structure in civil engineering area using several optical fiber sensors have been made, application of optical fiber sensor technology on pile foundation has not been tried up to now. Load transfer of model piles during compression loading was measured by optical fiber sensors and compared with the measurement by strain gauges. Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) sensor system was used since it has many advantages, such as easy multiplexing, high sensitivity, and simple fabrication. Besides the model pile tests, uniaxial tension test of steel bar and compression tests of mortar specimen were carried out to evaluate the performance of FBG sensors in embedded environments. The shift of refilming wavelength due to the strain in FBG sensor is converted to the strain at sensor location and the dependence between them is 1.28 pm/${\mu}$ strain. FBG sensors embedded in model pile showed a better survivability than strain gauges. Measured results of load transfer by both FBG sensors and strain gauges were similar, but FBG sensors showed a smoother trend than those by strain gauge. Based on the results of model pile test, it was concluded that the use of FBG sensor for strain measurement in pile has a great potential for the analysis of pile load transfer.