• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.677-685
• /
• 2012

The elevator is needed healthy and comfortable indoor air quality (IAQ) for using many people, but we found nothing about IAQ studies of an elevator. In general, air in the elevator car is sucked from the elevator's hoistway straight into the car using a fan. The air sucked into the hoistway may be filled with dust, mold and bacteria. This study was performed to measure of characteristics of indoor air quality (PM10, falling bacteria, $CO_2$, Rn and HCHO) in elevator's hoistway, CAR and lobby of 8 sites (4 apartments and 4 commercial buildings) in Gyeongnam from May, 2010 to January, 2011. With regards to the differences of pollutant distribution among hoistway, CAR, and lobby, the concentration of Rn and HCHO were the highest in hoistway followed by CAR and lobby, and PM10, falling bacteria and $CO_2$ were the highest in CAR followed by hoistway and lobby. Mean concentrations of PM10 were 104.9 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in CAR, 92.3 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in hoistway and 68.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in lobby, respectively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2007

The aim of this paper is to investigate the change of pressure differential and smoke propagation characteristics in the elevator lobby with the resident's evacuation scenarios using fire modelling technique. The results showed absolute pressures in the fire room and elevator lobby can significantly increase to cause fire door to the stairway unclosed once it is open. This is due to constant pressure differentials, the increasing reference pressure of fire lobby and pressure leak from elevator lobby to fire lobby. Smoke exhaust mechanism was needed to prevent the continuous pressure rise in the living room. Over 200 Pa was expected upon closing the door during pressurization, which provide difficulties in opening the door for next refugee. Opening both fire door and entrance door may induce smoke flow from fire room to elevator lobby and stairway.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2007

This paper investigated pressure differentials in the elevator lobby depending on reference pressures of the pressurizing damper using FDS fire modeling. The results showed the temperatures and pressures in the contained fire room with small leak gaps can increase significantly. Setting reference pressure of the pressurizing dampers to 0 Pa can cause reduction of real pressure differentials and air velocity to resist smoke flow. This would cause smoke movement from fire room to elevator lobby which should be safe area for evacuation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2012

This study investigated the pressure change in the fire room and elevator lobby during the air pressurization to the Elevator lobby with the various egress scenarios and the existence of vent holes in the fire room. The experiments revealed that pressure change was significantly affected by the open/closure scenarios of the front door and stairway door resulting in over pressure, under pressure and performance drop of the door closure. It also revealed that the required smoke defensive air velocity can be obtained only with the existence of vent holes in the fire room by the removal of back pressure in the fire room.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.341-344
• /
• 2013

During a building fire, smoke can flow through elevator shafts threatening life on floors remote from the fire. Many buildings have pressurized elevators intended to prevent such smoke flow. The computer program, CONTAM, can be used to analyze the performance of pressurization smoke control systems. The design of pressurized elevators can be challenging for the following reasons: (1) often the building envelope is not capable of effectively handling the large airflow resulting from elevator pressurization, (2) open elevator doors on the ground floor tend to increase the flow from the elevator shaft at the ground floor, and (3) open exterior doors on the ground floor can cause excessive pressure differences across the elevator shaft at the ground floor. To meet these challenges, the following systems have been developed: (1) exterior vent (EV) system, (2) floor exhaust (FE) system, and ground floor lobby (GFL) system.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.24-34
• /
• 2003

The architectural design of student circulation space has a pronounced influence on the educational function of a school building. Recent curriculum and new teaching methods have required the sufficient space provided for circulation and various circulation spaces in a school building, such as elevator, pilotis, bridge, atrium, deck, lobby and locker room. However excessive circulation space is wasteful form the standpoint of both initial investment and operation. This study aims to investigate new circulation patterns and functions, and to propose the adequate size in planning a school corridor. For this purpose, it explores the recent trends of the corridor planning represented in the excellent school facilities in 2002. and analyzes the newly-added functions In the school corridor : architectural in-between space, dwelling space for ordinary activities, space for educational media and auxiliary learning space. This research recommends that the corridor width be carefully planned according to the supposed functions in order to achieve the efficiency in the design of school facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.110-119
• /
• 2009

A fire should be accompanied by the heat and smoke. However, smoke is considered main cause of heavy casualties. Smoke easily spreads away from the fire area to remote space and cause mortal wound for the resident. A technical way effectively protecting the life and property from the smoke is the smoke control system of the building. Pressurized air supply system can be considered to prevent the refuge area from the smoke infiltration that evacuate residents via evacuation route for life safety. This paper is related with performance estimation and the effectiveness of the pressurized air supply system through experiments.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the preference of spatial elements for common space planning in senior congregate housing. For the study, 500 potential consumer's residing in Seoul was surveyed using the questionnaire in the social survey methodology. As for the common spaces, gardens, treatment, and exercise rooms were preferred. A combination of both separate and group arrangement of the buildings was preferred, indicating that people wanted separation of the common space and the individual living units. Second, people preferred sharing parts of the common space with their neighbors and as is the traditional custom, preferred to take off their shoes at the entrance to individual units. Third, for the furniture and facilities, they wanted the manager room in the lobby, the small meeting rooms in the public dining room, a fitness center in the activity room, the rack or alcove to store items in front of an individuals unit in the hallway, a chair to sit down in the elevator, and the chair to rest on the stairway landing. Fourth, in terms of priority for planning the senior citizens' community housing, safety, familiarity like a regular home, reduced isolation and loneliness, sense of belonging, economic factors, aesthetic appreciation, daily life supplement, variety, and self-identity were answered in that order.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2005

A high-rise residential building experienced stack effect problems during the winter such as difficulties in opening residential entrance doors and whistling noise from elevator doors generated by airflow. Field measurements were carried out on the building and the problems were verified by the analysis of the measurement results from three points of view: the total stack pressure difference, pressure distribution on each floor, and the location of the neutral pressure level. Based on the analysis of the three key parameters, possible solutions were proposed, such as zoning vertical shafts, lessening the airflow from the entrance doors on basement floors and lobby floor by installing vestibules, improving the airtightness of exterior walls, and installing separation doors where the problems occur. Simulations of proposed solutions were conducted and the effects of reducing the pressure difference were evaluated. Stack effect problems in a high-rise residential building were verified through field measurements and could be mitigated by the solutions which were drawn from the analysis of the field measurements and the simulation results.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.273-277
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to develop standards for evaluating what extant the physical environments of housing which can cope with the needs of the aging society. This study was consisted through literature investigation research mainly, and research target literature limits keyword to elderly housing environment and chose connected domestic various literatures. The scope of evaluation was limited to the indoor spaces and outdoor spaces of housing as it was thought that the elderly spend much more time at indoor, outdoors, considering their physical characteristics. The study are as follows ; First, in outdoor only area from design environment element accessibility, and safety emphasized from equipment element, health of community territory was expose from design environment element that supportiveness is emphasized from equipment element. Second, in living room safety emphasized from design environment element in bedroom and bathroom of indoor individuation space, vestibule, balcony supportiveness, health was expose that is emphasized kitchen and mess. Also, was expose that supportiveness is emphasized from equipment element of all individuation spaces. Third, was expose that design environment element in corridor that is indoor official business space, stair, lobby, elevator and safety from equipment element and supportiveness are emphasized.