• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.262-265
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• 2000

In order to estimate spatial physicochemical properties of the spring waters in the study area, spring waters at 57 sites were investigated for measuring ten items (temperature, pH, Eh, EC, TDS, DO, salinity, alkalinity, discharge rate, and surface elevation), To compare each component with one another, regression analysis was carried out. Kriging was used to estimate the spatial characteristics and continuity of data in the study area. To solve kriging equation, the semivariogram was calculated using geostatistical software GS$^{+}$(version 3.1). As a result of semivariogram analysis, the data of nine components but surface elevation could be assumed as stationary random function, and ordinary kriging method was used for making contour maps.s.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.101-115
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• 2016

Objective : This study investigated the clinical characteristics with Tongdo-san on injured patients focused on traffic accidents cases. Methods : 108 injured patients diagnosed with stagnation of Qi and stagnated blood(氣滯瘀血) were treated with Tongdo-san, acupuncture, cupping, physical therapy, Su-Gi therapy. The degree of Martins AN was checked to observe the change after using Tongdo-san. Results : Evaluation grades of of patients treated with Tongdo-san were all improved. The shorter the period of morbidity and the lower the age, the better the elevation. The degree of elevation is more significant in women traffic accidents patients. Conclusions: According to the study, Tongdo-san might especially effective for women traffic accidents patients with short period of morbidity and lower age.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.650-656
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• 2014

This study was executed in Woraksan National Park from Febuary, 2008 to December, 2013 in order to study the behavioral characteristics of introduced four female gorals using annual home range, seasonal home range, and elevation use characteristics. Annual home range of reintroduced female gorals were $1.13{\pm}0.32km^2$ of MCP 95%, $0.37{\pm}0.18km^2$ of MCP 95% and $0.07{\pm}0.03km^2$(t=0.607, p>0.05) of FK 50% respectively. In seasonal home range and elevation use characteristics of MCP 95%, autumn($0.73{\pm}0.26km^2$) and summer($0.77{\pm}0.06km^2$) were the largest home range and spring($0.58{\pm}0.38km^2$) and winter($0.47{\pm}0.25km^2$) had a smaller home range and it showed that there was a difference between summer and winter home ranges(F=3.868, P<0.05). As a result of seasonal elevation analysis, elevation use was 435m(28.4%) in spring, 464m(26.7%) in summer, 414m(28.8%) in autumn, and 393m(21.2%) in winter, respectively. It showed that these gorals used higher elevation in summer(F=0.783, P>0.05). We could not analyze the characteristics of introduced gorals, because only introduced female gorals were used for this study. However, we could understand that habitat use characteristics were of statistical significance in introduced gorals from the analyses of their home range, seasonal home range and elevation use.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.368-375
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• 2014

The Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) is influenced by environmental factors, making analysis in the installation region important. This study has proposed the sigma inflation of the B-value considering the satellite elevation angle and analyzed the Vertical Protection Level (VPL) of the H1 hypothesis. After collecting data that meet the environmental conditions of the installation region, sigma expansion coefficients by the unit of satellite elevation angle ($5^{\circ}$) have been estimated. The obtained results were functionalized through curve-fitting, and sigma inflation customized for the environmental conditions of the test region was proposed. Then, the characteristics were classified and analyzed depending on humidity and solar activities. According to the sigma inflation with respect to elevation angle analysis, changes in the size of sigma inflation factors by the difference of humidity were minor. However, the VPL under the satellite elevation angle-based sigma inflation met integrity. Also, considering the sigma inflation factor with respect to elevation angle, compared to existing methods, high-integrity and improved availability is confirmed by removing unnecessary margins in high elevation angle satellite.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1002-1015
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• 2008

We investigate the potential of digital elevation model and multivariate geostatistical kriging in mapping of temperature and rainfall based on sparse weather station observations. By using elevation data which have reasonable correlation with temperature and rainfall, and are exhaustively sampled in the study area, we try to generate spatial distributions of temperature and rainfall which well reflect topographic effects and have less smoothing effects. To illustrate the applicability of this approach, we carried out a case study of Jeju island using observation data acquired in January, April, August, and October, 2005. From the case study results, accounting for elevation via colocated cokriging could reflect detailed topographic characteristics in the study area with less smoothing effects. Colocated cokriging also showed much improved prediction capability, compared to that of traditional univariate ordinary kriging. According to the increase of the magnitude of correlation between temperature or rainfall and elevation, much improved prediction capability could be obtained. The decrease of relative nugget effects also resulted in the improvement of prediction capability.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.45-61
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to develop regression equations between annual specific sedi- ment of reservoirs and physiographic factors of watersheds. 122 irrigation reservoirs, which have irrigation areas equal to or larger than 200 ha, located in Korea except Cheju province are used in the analysis. Simple regression analyses between the specific annual sediment and each of the physical characteristic factors of the reservoirs are carried out at first. Then, multiple regression analyses between the annual specific sediment and the physical characteristic factors with high correlation coefficients in the simple regression analyses are made. The results obtained from this study are as follows : 1. The results of the sirnple regression analyses show that in each province the watershed area, the length of mainstream, the circumferential length of watershed have high cor- relation coefficients (R=0.814-0.986), and that drainage density, reservoir capacity per watershed area, drainage frequency, basin relief have low correlation coefficients (R=0. 387-0.955). 2. The purposed multiple regression equations between the annual specific sediment of reservoirs and three major characteritic factors of watersheds, namely, the watershed area, the circumferential length of watershed, and the length of mainstream, are proposed as given in Table 2. 3. The result of the simple regression analyses with respect to the reservoir elevation except Jeonnam province, which has very different characteristics comparing to other provinces, shows that watershed area, main stream length and circumferential length have high correlation coefficients (R=0.806-0.884) in low-elevation reservoirs and intermediate- elevation reservoirs, but low correlation coefficients (R=0.639-0.739) in high-elevation reservoirs. 4. With respect to the reservoir elevation, the proposed multiple regression equations bet- ween the annual specific sediment of reservoirs and the three major characteristic factors of watershed which have high correlation coefficients are proposed as given in Table 5.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.144-154
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• 2010

This study aimed at analyzing physical characteristics of art-walls which is a focal point in contemporary interiors of the apartment houses. The factors for the analysis were types of apartments, positions, widths, compositions of elevation, and materials of art-walls. 89 art-walls were selected for the analysis ranging from $76m^2$ to $187m^2$. The result shows that wood was mostly applied to art-walls in small types of apartment in combination with other materials, and the composition of elevation was asymmetric. If the width of art-walls became smaller, the elevation was dominantly designed with symmetrical grid using tiles. Tiles turned out to be the general material for the single-applied material. However, if more than two materials were applied to art-walls, wood was chosen as the main material. Regardless of the types of apartment, big-sized art-walls were usually designed in the living room, and two different types of materials were applied to the walls. It reveals that art-walls of apartment houses have been planned and designed with focuses on the living room in the housing space. To make a modular panel for the art-walls, 400mm and 800mm sizes were both suggested, 400mm for the smaller composition, and 800mm for the larger composition of the art-walls. A Wall image is becoming more essential to the living space these days, because it can be both decorative and also supportive to residents' various individualities. Therefore, it is expected that further researches on art-walls are continuously performed, and also various designs of art-walls based on the modular system are developed in the near future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2010

The systematic data management system in the area of river flow analysis has not yet constructed, even though the need is evident due to the complicated process of tremendous input/output data in the modeling study and the importance of visualization of spatial flow variation. The objectives of this study are to suggest the method for analysis of changing river sections affecting ecological habitat characteristics. The effects of ecological habitat characteristics are assessed with respect to changing river sections. A GIS special analysis is created representing in the past section of Nonsan-river using historical data. Topographic surfaces are subject to erosional and depositional forces that a specific set of surface characteristics unique to elevation data. GIS spatial analyst is used to generate surface grids from historical point data. Using the GIS spatial analyst can be constructed sections for anywhere of river. The change of depth between 1979 and 1988, the left bank elevations of a river are increased about 1.5m. But the right bank elevations of a river are decreased about 2.3m caused by erosion. In addition, the change of spatial between 1988 and 2002, the regions of a river from upper stream to midstream are decreased the elevation. But the downstream regions are increased the elevation. These changes are analyzed in GIS program to assess methods for affecting ecological habitat.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.198-207
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• 2015

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary artery are well-known atherosclerotic vascular diseases. However, the difference of intima-media thickness and plaque characteristics of carotid arteries between STEMI and CTO patients were not directly compared in previous studies. Medical records of a total of 158 (101 STEMI, 57 CTO) patients, who underwent carotid artery ultrasonography, were selected for the analysis. The baseline characteristics, ultrasonography findings, and clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia was significantly higher in CTO patients. Carotid intima-media thickness ($0.97{\pm}0.13$ vs. $0.78{\pm}0.17cm$, P < 0.0001) and number of plaques ($2.2{\pm}1.0$ vs. $1.7{\pm}1.2$, P < 0.0001) were greater in CTO than STEMI patients. Multiple (${\geq}3$) or echogenic plaques were more frequently observed in CTO patients. During the median follow-up duration of 27 months, major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 31% of CTO and 14% of STEMI patients (P = 0.008). We found that, compared with STEMI, CTO patients have higher burden of carotid artery atherosclerosis associated with more comorbid diseases and poor clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze the relationships between distributions of major hardwood species and characteristics of topography in natural hardwood forest at Mt. Joongwang, Pyongchang-gun, Gangwon-do which belongs to mid-northern part of the temperate forest. Acer pictum var. mono, Acer manshuricum and Quercus mongolica were affected by elevation, while Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla were affected by the change of slope. Importance values of A. pictum, Betula costata, Ulmus laciniata and Cornus controversa in valley were 13.41%, 5.68% and 3.29%, respectively, which were higher than in any other topography. Species diversity of valley was the highest with 0.98. Ratio of A. pictum and Q. mongolica in dominant species were 24% and 14%, respectively in valley, while were 19% and 23% in slop. Q. mongolica ratio in ridgeline was higher than any other species. Importance values of A. pictum increased continuously until elevation 1,200 m. importance values of F. rhynchophylla was 6.6% which was the highest value found on elevation 800 m. Distributions of major hardwood species were different according to the elevation. The ratio of Q. mongolica and A. pictum were 6.4%~17.5% and 6.0%~10.7% respectively, which were the highest ratio. Species diversity increased according to the increase of the elevation.