• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the dose-dependent effect of salicylic acid on both the adventitious root growth and the accumulation of various eleutherosides in the bioreactor culture of Eleutherococcus senticosus. The highest biomass production (5.4 g DW/L) was observed in the absence of salicylic acid, while the root growth was significantly decreased by increasing the concentration of salicylic acid. Salicylic acid stimulated the production of both eleutheroside B, E and $E_1$. The highest levels of eleutheroside B ($179.5{\mu}g/g$ DW), E ($1169.9{\mu}g/g$ DW) and $E_1$ ($45.4{\mu}g/g$ DW) were obtained by the addition of $80{\mu}M$ of salicylic acid. The maximum eleutheroside production was $4975.8{\mu}g/L$ when salicylic acid was not added. In addition, when the adventitious roots were cultured in the basal medium supplemented with $80{\mu}M$ of salicylic acid, the highest levels of eleutheroside B was observed at the 9th day, while eleutheroside E and $E_1$ were observed at the 6th day, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.2 s.141
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• pp.70-74
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• 2005

High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used for the determination of eleutherosides B and E in various parts of Acanthopanax species. Eleutheroside B was detected in the stem (1.45 mg/g) and the root (0.59 mg/g) of A. senticosus and the stem (0.31 mg/g) of A. senticosus grafted on A. sessiliflorus. But there is no detection of eleutheroside B in A. sessiliflorus and the root of A. senticosus grafted on A. sessiliflorus. Eleutheroside E was detected in the stem (0.92, 0.97 and 0.30 mg/g, respectively) and the root (0.65, 0.94, 0.34 mg/g, respectively) of A. senticosus, A. sessiliflorus and A. senticosus grafted on A. sessiliflorus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 2000

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms is a tree species that has been traditionally used as a source for oriental folk medicine. It is known to contain both Eeleutheroside E and chlorogenic acid. These two compounds are believed to be effective elements in the tree. In the present study, we analyzed the levels of the two compounds from the plants collected from various locations in Korea to find out whether environment affected the quantity of both compounds in the tissue. When the plants growing in their natural habitats and those growing in plantations were compared, the level of the two compounds showed different pattern. In the case of chlorogenic acid in roots, the plants growing in plantations are found to contain higher levels than did those from natural habitats. On the other hand, higher levels of eleutheroside E were found in the plants from natural habitats. However, when the compounds in the stems were compared, the plants growing in the natural habitats contained higher level in both compounds than did those from plantations. Although the level of both compounds in the leaf tissue varied with the places from which they were originated, it appeared to be less than that found in roots or stems. There exists a tendency that the level of eleutheroside E showed a positive correlation with the diameter of both roots and stems of the plants.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2020

This study was conducted to develop a new functional material by optimizing the conditions for high concentrations of chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E in Acanthopanax koreanum stem. The total phenolic compound content was the highest in the 20 hours sonication Acanthopanax koreanum stem extract (UAK-20). In addition, eleutheroside E, a typical functional ingredient of Cortex Acanthopanacis, in the 20 hours treated Acanthopanax koreanum stem extract showed the highest content at 1.646%. However, another functional ingredient, chlorogenic acid, showed the highest content of 2.625% in 1 hour treated Acanthopanax koreanum stem extract. Therefore, it is considered that the optimal conditions for high concentrations of total phenolic compound and eleutheroside E are 20 hours sonication Acanthopanax koreanum stem extract.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2005

The influence of different growth regulators on biomass of adventitious roots and secondary metabolites accumulation in bioreactor cultures of Eleutherococcus koreanum was studied. The maximum growth of adventitious roots was observed in the presence of $2.0\;\cal{mg/L}$ IBA (6.7 g DW/L). However the productivity of eleutheroside E was not significantly different among IBA levels. High level of thidiazuron (TDZ) efficiently increased both root growth and secondary metabolites production. Especially when $0.1\;\cal{mg/L}$ TDZ was combined with $3.0\;\cal{mg/L}$ IBA, the highest eleutheroside E accumulation ($3,327{\mu}g/g $DW) was observed. When the same TDZ level was treated in combination with $5.0\;\cal{mg/L}$ IBA, both chlorogrnic acid and eleutheroside B were accumulated to maximum level. In contrast, zeatin remarkably suppressed the accumulation of both eleutheroside B and chlorogenic acid.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.2 s.129
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• pp.88-91
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• 2002

Liquid-chromatography coupled with electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry was applied to the analysis of the eleutherosides B and E in the Eleutherococcus senticosus cortexes. The optimum ESI/MS results were obtained in the positive ion mode using extracted ion chromatogram targeting Na-adduct molecular ion of each compound. This method allowed rapid and simple gradient separation of underivatized eleutherosides B and E without pre-purification steps at very low concentration.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.778-780
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• 2006

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the analysis of the lignans eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E in the fruits of Acanthopanax species. A reverse-phase system using a gradient of $H_2O$ and acetonitrile as the mobile phase was developed and detection was at 210 nm. The analysis was successfully carried out within 20 min. The content of eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E in Acanthopanax species was measured in the fruits of A. senticosus (0.58 and $1.66\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively), A. sessiliflorus (1.15 and $8.49\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively), A. koreanum (2.16 and $1.80\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively), and A. divaricatus (1.06 and $7.08\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2017

Scutellaria baicalensis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Angelica sinensis have been used as raw materials for health functional foods. This study was conducted to develop a novel method to analyze levels of baicalin (Scutellaria baicalensis), eleutheroside E (Eleutherococcus senticosus), and ligustilide (Angelica sinensis) simultaneously in health functional foods. The methanol extracted samples were analyzed and quantified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the positive ion mode and the negative ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring. Standard calibration curves confirmed linearity with the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of > 0.99 at $100-2000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration range. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) were in the range of $13.0{\sim}35.2{\mu}g/L$ and $39.3{\sim}106.7{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The recovery results ranged between 91.4~109.9% at 3 different concentration levels with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 5%. The proposed analytical method was characterized with high accuracy and acceptable precision. The new method would be an effective tool to analyze baicalin, eleutheroside E, and ligustilide simultaneously in raw materials of health functional foods.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2010

Acanthopanax Koreanum stem (AK) has been used in Korea as a tonic and sedative as well as a drug with ginseng like activities. The purpose of our present study was to investigate the effects of AK extract (AKE) and Eleutheroside E, major component of AKE on an exacerbated immune function through utilization of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) diet by using forced swimming test (FST). The immobility time were significantly decreased in the AKE or Eleutheroside E-administrated group compared with the control group on the FST (P < 0.05). The level of blood parameters were not changed significantly. PEM-induced weight loss of mice was reduced by oral administration of 500 mg/kg AKE. AKE oral administration improved the nutritional status such as the food efficiency ratio and the adrenal gland weight. AKE treatment significantly increased the production of interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$ compared with unstimulated splenocytes but not interleukin (IL)-4. Eleutheroside E also significantly increased the IFN-$\gamma$ production but not IL-2 and IL-4 in T cell line, MOLT-4 cells. These results suggest that AKE and Eleutheroside E may influence to immune-enhancing through increasing the physical endurance capacity and immune cell activation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2017

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information that can be used to index Acanthopanax in eleven species of China and Korea. The phytochemical components from the berry of Acanthopanax species, were measured by the HPLC analysis. Protocatechuic acid, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, scopolin, rutin, hyperoside, chiisanoside, oleanolic acid were found in ethanol extracts from the berry of Acanthopanax species. Total phenolic compound of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum f. chungbuensis berry (0.682%) was about seven times higher than those of Acanthopanax divaricatus f. distigmatis berry (0.091%). As a result, the order of the eleutheroside E content was 1) Acanthopanax sessiliflorum f. chungbuensis (0.554%), 2) A. divaricatus var. albeofructus (0.501%), 3) A. divaricatus f. flavi-flos (0.452%). And also, the order of the chiisanoside content was 1) Acanthopanax senticosus var. subinermis (8.434%), 2) A. seoulense (0.94%), 3) A. divaricatus f. flavi-flos (0.798%).