• 약학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2003

Eleutherococcus senticosus is a typical oriental folk medicinal herb. It has been used clinically as a anti-rheumatic disease, anti-stress, ischemic heart disease and gastric ulcer. In the present study, we examined the adjuvant activity of the crude polysaccharides fraction from Eleutherococcus senticosus, EN-3, on the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ovalbumin (OVA). The thioglycollate-induced macrophages and silica-induced dendritic-like cells cultured with BSA and EN-3 synergistically increased the production of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-12. When mice were subcutaneously immunized with BSA + EN-3, the antibody titer against BSA was showed significantly higher than those immunized with BSA alone. In addition, when mice were immunized with OVA + FIA + EN-3, the antibody titer was showed similar patterns with the FCA. The assay for determining subisotype of antibody revealed that EN-3 augmented OVA-specific antibody titer of IgG1 and IgG2b. The culture supernatant obtained from splenocytes of mice treated with OVA + FIA + EN-3 also showed a higher level of both OVA-specific Th1-type (IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$ and GM-CSF) and Th2-type cytokine (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10). In vitro analysis of T cell proliferation to OVA on 8 weeks, the splenocytes of mice treated with OVA + EN-3 showed a significantly higher proliferating activity than those treated with OVA alone. These results suggest that EN-3 may possess adjuvant activities to potentially to enhance humoral as well as cellular immune response.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 2008

가시오갈피의 종자 후숙을 촉진하고, 부패율을 낮추기 위하여 후숙전 Gibberellin 처리농도 및 침지시간, 토로스 분제를 사용한 종자소독처리에 따른 가시오갈피 종자의 배 배달 및 개갑특성을 조사하였다. 가시오갈피 종자 후속 전 적정 $GA_3$ 처리농도가 높아짐에 따라 개갑속도가 빨라지는 경향을 나타냈으며, $500\;mg\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$ 처리구 이상에서는 부패율 급증에 따른 개갑율 감소현상이 확인되어 부적합한 것으로 나타났다. 후숙전 종자소독처리는 가시오갈피 종자개갑에 유용한 미생물 (Trichoderma, Aspergillus 속 등)의 활동을 억제하여, 후숙과정을 지연시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 대조구 (물 24시간 침지)에 비해 $GA_3\;300\;mg\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$ 24시간 침지처리구에서 개갑기간이 40여일 단축되었으며, 저온휴면타파처리 ($5^{\circ}C$, 70일)후 개갑종자의 85% 이상이 정상적으로 발아하는 것이 확인되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.1275-1281
• /
• 2006

This research was planned and executed to evaluate how the nutritional composition and antioxidants contents and antioxidative activity of a composite with Eleutherococcus senticosus and several oriental medicinal herbs . Also, can effect health conditions of people who are suffering from diet-related disease like obesity and hyperlipidemia by taking healthy foods with a composite with Eleutherococcus senticosus and several oriental medicinal herbs in a form of nutritional supplement with our daily meals. With this observation, we found out that a composite with Eleutherococcus senticosus and several oriental medicinal herbs has dietary fiber, Zn, Cu, Fe and water soluble antioxidants and effect on antioxidative activity. We concluded that we could apply the components in a form of various foods. The information we received from this conclusion will be a basic information on how we can apply oriental medicinal resources into other foods and in the field of functional food research, which already draes sizable attention world-wide.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2022

Objectives : The process through which mesenchymal cells condense and differentiate into chondrocytes to form new bone is known as endochondral bone formation. Chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy are essential steps in bone formation and are influenced by various factors. The stem bark and root bark of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (ES) have been widely used to treat growth retardation and arthritis in traditional Korean Medicine. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible role of the stem bark of ES in the stimulation of chondrogenic differentiation in clonal murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. Methods : In ATDC5 cells treated with ES extract, cell viability and extracellular matrix production were determined using CCK-8 assay and Alcian blue staining, respectively, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured. We also examined mRNA and protein expression levels of genes related to chondrogenic expression in ATDC5 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Results : ES extract increased the accumulation of Alcian blue-stained cartilage nodules and alkaline phosphatase activity in ATDC5 cells. It increased the mRNA expressions of chondrogenic markers including bone sialoprotein (BSP), cartilage collagens, Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin (OCN), β-catenin, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), as well as the protein expressions of β-catenin, RUNX-2, BMP-2, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Conclusion : Taken together, these results suggest that ES extract exhibits a chondromodulating activity and therefore may be a possible agent for the treatment of bone growth disorders.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.187-191
• /
• 2003

This paper reported the establishment of mass production system of adventitious roots of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus through the shake flask and bio-reactor culture. Induction of adventitious roots was started from the explants of germinated somatic embryos on half-strength Murashing and Skoog (MS) solid medium. The frequency of adventitious root formation was better in the explants comprising the basal hypocotyl parts than root explants alone. Among the different auxins tested (NAA, IBA and IAA), frequency of adventitious root induction was highest on medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA, and produced $16.3\pm1.9$ roots per explant. In shake-flask culture, deletion of $NH_4NO_3$ of MS medium was effective for induction of adventitious root compared with both full and half-strength MS media. Fresh weight increase of induced adventitious roots was performed well in medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA. When adventitious roots produced in shake-flask culture were transferred to 10-liter bioreactor, 5.5 times of fresh weight increase was gained after one month of culture. HPLC analysis revealed that the amount of eleutheroside E and E1 was higher in in vitro cultured adventitious roots than the 3 year-old field cultivated root barks of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus. The content of eltutheroside B was much lower in adventitious roots than that of field cultivated one.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2007

We performed the present study to investigate whether Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch (RG) extracts (RGX) and Eleutherococcus senticosus Max (ES) extracts (ESX) play any roles in bone metabolism. We examined cellular activities of bone cells by measurement of osteoblastic cell viability, osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion from osteoblasts, osteoclastogenesis, and osteoclastic activity. There is no cytotoxicity from osteoblasts after treatment with RGX and ESX. The secretion of OPG from the osteoblasts showed marked increases after treatment with RGX and ESX. In addition, RGX and ESX treatment decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells and the resorption areas. RGX and ESX, when mixed at optimal ratios, induced synergic effects, in vitro. OPB, which showed synergic effects, is the extract of natural ingredients RG and ES mixed at a raw material weight ratio of 4 : 1. It can be suspected that extracts of RG and ES mixtures contains active ingredients involved in bone tissue metabolism and may be effective in improving osteoporosis.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제96권5호
• /
• pp.539-542
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the impacts of jasmonic acid (JA) on adventitious root culture of Eleutherococcus senticosus. Adventitious root of E. senticosus were treated with jasmonic acid (JA) and cultured for 30 days. JA inhibited the root growth but increased eleutherosides accumulation, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. Among various concentrations of JA, 1.0 mg/L JA increased the total phenolic contents in E. senticosus adventitious root to $39.81{\mu}g/g$, about 2.6 times higher than that of the control. Consequently, high accumulation of total phenolic contents led to increase the antioxidant activity to 82.41%. The antioxidant activity of control was 37.89% at $2500{\mu}g/mL$. A linear correlation ($R^2$ = 0.9937, 0.9648 and 0.9883) was also shown between antioxidant activity (at 1250, 1875, and $2500{\mu}g/mL$) and total phenolic contents of adventitious root of E. senticosus.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.240-245
• /
• 2018

The fruits of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S. Y. Hu (Araliaceae), as edible fruits, were traditionally used for ingredients of wine or tea in Eastern Asia. In addition to, the fruits of E. sessiliflorus were known for having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, we investigated that the ethanolic extracts of E. sessiliflorus fruits (DHP1501) have effects on hypertension via vasorelaxation and decrease of blood pressure. In the present study, we investigated that the gene and protein expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was increased by treatment of DHP1501 in HUVECs. Moreover, we confirmed the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of DHP1501 through in vitro tasks. Therefore, DHP1501 could be a candidate of functional food for alleviating hypertension.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2009

The effects of red, blue, and far-red light by illumination of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on growth, morphogenesis and eleutheroside contents of in vitro plantlets of Eleutherococcus senticosus were examined. As a control, plantlets were grown under a broad spectrum white fluorescent lamp (16/8 h illumination). The length of plantlets grown under the red/blue LEDs was taller than those under fluorescent lamps. Leaf area, root length and fresh weight of plantlets were highest under blue light compared to other kinds of light sources. Chlorophyll contents in plantlets grown under fluorescent lamps were higher than those in plantlets grown under LED illumination. Production of eleuthroside B and E in plantlets was highest under blue LED. However, production of eleuthroside E1 was highest under fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that plant growth and eleuthroside accumulation can be controlled by wave length of light under LED illumination system.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.117-121
• /
• 2006

Ability of pectic polysaccharides isolated from Eleutherococcus senticosus EN-3 to inhibit tumor metastasis and induce antigen-specific immune response after oral administration in mice was assessed. Consecutive oral administration of EN-3 before tumor inoculation dramatically inhibited tumor metastasis produced by colon26-M3.1 and B16-BL6 cells. When Peyer's patch cells isolated from mouse intestine were co-cultured with EN-3, proliferation of Peyer's patch cells was induced. Mice co-administered with EN-3 and ovalbumin (OVA) showed significantly higher production of OVA-specific IgA in intestinal washing as well as IgG in serum than those administered with OVA alone. Payer's patch cells of mice immunized with OVA plus EN-3 showed much higher proliferating activity than those of mice immunized with OVA alone. Proliferating activity increased dose-dependently, indicating EN-3 specifically enhanced mucosal immune response to OVA. These results suggested EN-3 could significantly stimulate Peyer's patch cells either non-specifically or antigen-specifically, possibly playing important role in enhancement of mucosal and systemic immune systems.