• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.21 no.2 s.30
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• pp.199-225
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• 2007

We can use R package as a statistical package on the education of probability and statistics in elementary, middle and high school mathematics. R is an interactive mode package and graphical presentation tools in R are powerful. The greatest advantage is that R is a general public license package. We need to consider R package as a standard statistical package on the education of probability and statistics in elementary, middle and high school mathematics.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.357-382
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to report the effects of self-directed and self-regulated learning programs on elementary, middle, and high school students through meta-analysis of previous studies. For this research, 22 of previous studies were selected which were all conducted in the country, and calculated the effect size of 'standardized change of the mean difference' for many factors included in each research. The findings were as follows: first, the overall effect sizes of self-directed and self-regulated learning programs on elementary, middle, and high school students were .665 and .702 in the affective and cognitive domain, respectively, meaning that the self-directed and self-regulated learning programs had average or greater effects on elementary, middle, and high school students and exerted somewhat greater effects in the cognitive domain. Second, when the areas of moderating effects were divided into self-directed and self-regulated learning, the former and latter had more influences on the cognitive and affective domains, respectively. Third, the elementary school level recorded a larger effect size both in the affective and cognitive domains than the secondary school level. Fourth, the findings show that the characteristics of affective domain, "reflective thinking" and "self-confidence," recorded a very large effect size both at the elementary and secondary school levels. Finally, the programs were more effective when the application period was one to four weeks in the affective domain and more than four weeks in the cognitive domain. And, Significance and implications of this research were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.83-99
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to analyze the quality attributes and customer satisfaction in school foodservice by distribution place and to suggest an improvement plan. The survey was distributed to different respondents (students, parents, and faculty) at different types of schools (elementary school, middle school, and high school) on September 2008 in 16 cities and provinces. The statistics were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANOVA by SPSS 12.0. All foodservice quality attributes were significant different by school type and the students in elementary schools had higher scores than students in middle and high school. A comparison of scores by school type and distribution place demonstrated that elementary schools had a higher score for quality attributes and in middle and high school dining halls had a higher score for quality attributes. The overall customer satisfaction with school foodservice was higher for dining halls than classrooms for all respondents (students, parents, and faculty). For students, the overall customer satisfaction score was 69.1 for schools using dining halls and 66.4 for schools using classrooms. The overall customer satisfaction for classrooms was higher in elementary school but, this score for middle and high school was higher for dining halls. Therefore, students prefer dining halls to classrooms. Especially, as the students grow, they have an increased preference for dining halls.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.236-245
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate job understanding, performance, and job satisfaction of 150 school foodservice employees in Chungnam area from April 23, 2018 to May 18, 2018. The score of the relationship with colleagues was in the order of elementary school, middle school, and high school (p<0.05). Job understanding was ranked as follows: middle school, elementary school, and high school (p<0.05). Questionnaires on performance of food ingredients and working process management had 4.8 points for the cook and 4.6 points for the cooking staff (p<0.05). Based on the subjects' position, the hygienic safety management performance was higher in cooks than in cooking staff (p<0.05). Job satisfaction showed higher points in elementary school and middle school subjects in all items as compared to subjects of high school (p<0.05). Cooks showed more job satisfaction compared to cooking staff (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation (r=.253, p<0.01) between job satisfaction and job performance. Job understanding showed a significant positive correlation with job performance. Job satisfaction had a positive correlation with performance for hygienic safety management (r=.275, p<0.01).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.668-676
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality attributes and importance that affects their satisfaction with respect to lunchboxes amongst children from low-income families in Korea. In case of $1-3^{rd}$-grade elementary school, 57.1% received lunch box through the community child center, while 45.2%, 68.5% and 80.7% of $4-6^{th}$-elementary school, middle school, and high school students received the lunch box from home, respectively. Typically, in 40.2% of all grades, the time to eat the meal was within 1~2 hours of delivery, and 34.0% consumed the lunch within 2~6 hours of delivery. With respect to intake of the contents of lunchboxes, 72.0% of the participants answered that they ate 80% of the lunchboxes delivered and 24.9% only ate 50% of the content of lunchboxes. The largest leftover were vegetables (26.9%), and the reason for leaving food was 'do not like to eat (36.1%)' followed by 'no taste (32.6%)'. Regarding improvements in delivery lunchboxes, elementary school students selected 'taste', while middle school and high school students selected 'variety of menu'. The 'nutrition (3.69 point)' of the lunchboxes was the highest satisfaction and the 'variety of menu (3.34 point)' was the lowest. In all grades, 'nutrition' and 'hygiene' were considered to be important as quality attributes of the delivery lunchboxes, and satisfaction was also high. On the other hand, in the $1-3^{rd}$-grade elementary school, 'variety of menu' and 'amount of side dish' were important but satisfaction was low. The $4-6^{th}$-grade elementary school, middle school and high school students stated that 'taste' and 'variety of menu' were important, but satisfaction was low.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.605-611
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• 2022

Under the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a emphasis on capacity building based on computational thinking to foster talent for future. In Korea, SW education has been mandatory since 2018. Since 2017, research has been conducted on the definition of SW education capability and the development of diagnostic tools. At this time, the diagnostic tool for middle school has been revised and supplemented once in 2018 and is used so far. In response to the request from the field to expand the information diagnostic test for middle school to elementary school and high school, it began as one of the 2019 study on the effectiveness of SW leading schools. In this study, we develop a diagnostic tool for elementary and high school based on the diagnostic tool for middle school. Expert validity verification and preliminary inspections are carried out. Preliminary examinations will analyze the reliability, discrimination, and difficulty of the questions, and look forward to seeing the potential as a testing tool in the future.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to examine how elementary, middle and high school health teachers in Gyeonggi province react to infectious disease like MERS. Methods: This is a descriptive study using a convenience sample of 1,267 school health teachers. Results: When MERS was an epidemic, school health teachers who took the 'leading' role were 92.4%. A school heath teacher's countermeasures against infectious diseases showed a high score during MERS outbreak (3.81) compared to regular days (3.59). Conclusion: Based on such results, it has been determined that schools need to keep two types of procedures manual, such as 'countermeasures on a regular basis' and 'countermeasures in the event of a pandemic disease outbreak' manual in the staff offices so that anyone can view them at any time. It is necessary to prepare regulations to strengthen their authority so that school health teachers can take the role of control tower, in a professional capacity, when communicable disease is spreading. In order to prevent any confusion and chaos, there should be a unitary reporting system at each school when dealing with an epidemic. School health teachers need to get continuous training to reinforce their abilities to react to communicable diseases.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2006

For the purpose of developing Milk-based nutritional education program, this study analyzed the awareness of milk and milk nutritional knowledge of elementary/middle/high school students and set appropriate instructional goals for milk nutritional education program. According to the analysis results, 49.6% of total subjects know a little about the milk, otherwise 42.3% of total subjects don't know it Elementary school students know better than other students. Therefore, the instructional goals of nutritional education program were set as follows, that improve the level of the awareness about milk, and to increase the understanding on the knowledge about milk, and to practice proper milk intake behavior. Based on these goals established as the above, educational contents were established that would be expected in elementary, middle, and high school students after milk nutritional education. Therefore, the development of education program and the evaluation of education effects were to be performed on the basis of educational goals and contents for milk nutritional education program.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2016

This study aimed to investigate current nutrition education and effective plans for nutrition teachers in schools. Data were collected by a face-to-face questionnaire. Surveyed schools were elementary, middle, and high schools at percentages of 32.4%, 35.1%, and 32.4%, respectively. Percentage of nutrition education was above 90%, whereas off-line education was very uncommon in middle (8.3%) and high schools (27.3%) compared with elementary schools (63.6%), (p<0.05). Satisfaction of nutrition education was also very low in middle (7.7%) and high schools (8.3%) when compared with elementary schools (41.7%), (p<0.05). The main reason for this was due to 'work overload of mealing service (44.4%)' and 'insufficient time of students (25.9%)'. Effective education plans were as follows: beginning of education and education scale were 'elementary school (67.6%)' and 'below 20 people (81.1%)', and the most preferred counterplan was 'development of diverse education programs (4.81 score)' > 'systematic education process (4.76 score)' > 'professional nutrition education (4.51 score)'. Most important duty was 'nutrition education and consultation (51.4%)', although it achieved the lowest satisfaction at a score of 2.46. Overall analysis, demand and awareness of nutrition teachers for nutrition education were very high. Therefore, an institutional strategy and environmental improvements are required by setting up curriculum subjects and developing diverse education programs for systematic nutrition education.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.106-141
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• 2021

This study was conducted for the purpose of empirically analyzing the effects of adolescents' relationships with major adults as protective factors for smartphone addiction. Specifically, the study compared the discriminatory effects of adolescents' relationships with their parents, school teachers, and educational institute teachers on smartphone addiction among elementary, middle, and high school students in Korea. Analyzing the data of the 2019 Korean Children & Youth Happiness Index (N=7,454), it was found that relationships with adults were significant factors in explaining the level of smartphone addiction even after controlling for the influences of adolescents' demographics, usage time, and friendship factors. For elementary school students, good relationships with their mothers and school teachers decreased the risk of smartphone addiction. On the other hand, in the case of middle school students, only a good relationship with father functioned as a protective factor. Good relationships with their fathers and institute teachers decreased the level of high school students' smartphone addiction. Based on these findings, this study discussed on the development of programs and policies for prevention and intervention of adolescents' smartphone addiction and provided suggestions for follow-up research in the future.