• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2001

Microstructures of barrier-type oxide layers on aluminum was studied by XRD, TEM and RBS. Fer formation of oxide layer. aluminum was anodized in a boric acid solution. The thickness of the oxide film subjected to applied voltage increased linearly at ratio of 1.54nm/V. For oxide layer anodized at 300V, amorphous structure of oxide layer was not transformed after heat treatment at 50$0^{\circ}C$ , while for oxide layers anodized at higher voltages the amorphous structure crystallized into a ${\gamma}$-alumina without any heat treatment. It was also found that the amorphous structure of oxide layer formed at 100V transformed into crystalline structure by electron irradiation. The structure was identified as ${\gamma}$-alumina.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 2013

The electronic equipment which was exposed to high level pulsed radiation is damaged as Upset, Latchup, and Burnout. Those damages has come from the instantaneous photocurrent from electron-hole pairs generated in itself. Such damages appeared as losses of power in military weapon system or of blackout in aerospace equipment and eventually caused in gross loss of national. In this paper, we have implemented a RDC(Radiation detection and control module) as part of the radiation protection technology of the electronic equipment or devices from the pulsed gamma radiation. The RDC which is composed of pulsed gamma-ray detection sensor, signal processors, and pulse generator is designed to protect the important electronic circuits from the pulse radiation. To verify the functionality of the RDC, LM118s which had damaged by the pulse radiation were tested. The test results showed that the test sample applied with a RDC was worked well in spite of the irradiation of the same pulse radiation. Through the experiments we could confirm that the radiation protection technology implemented with RDC had the functionality of radiation protection to the electronic devices.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.489-493
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• 2017

In this study, the surface passivation process for InP-based quantum dots (QDs) is investigated. Surface coating is performed with poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and thioglycolic acid. The quantum yield (QY) of a PMMA-coated sample slightly increases by approximately 1.3% relative to that of the as-synthesized InP/ZnS QDs. The QYs of the uncoated and PMMA-coated samples drastically decrease after 16 days because of the high defect state density of the InP-based QDs. PMMA does not have a significant effect on the defect passivation. Thioglycolic acid is investigated in this study for the effective surface passivation of InP-based QDs. Surface passivation with thioglycolic acid is more effective than that with the PMMA coating, and the QY increases from 1.7% to 11.3%. ZnS formed on the surface of the InP QDs and S in thioglycolic acid show strong bonding property. Additionally, the QY is further increased up to 21.0% by the photochemical reaction. Electron-hole pairs are formed by light irradiation and lead to strong bonding between the inorganic and thioglycolic acid sulfur. The surface of the InP core QDs, which does not emit light, is passivated by the irradiated light and emits green light after the photochemical reaction.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 2016

A new immobilization technique of nanoscale $TiO_2$ powder to expanded polystyrene (EPS) balls with temperature-controlled melting method was developed, and the photocatalytic activity of $TiO_2$ powder-embedded EPS balls were evaluated using methylene blue (MB) solution under ultraviolet irradiation (${\lambda}=254nm$). Based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and associated energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, the components of the intact EPS balls were mainly carbon and oxygen, whereas those of $TiO_2$-immobilized EPS balls were carbon, oxygen, and titanium, indicating that relatively homogenous patches of $TiO_2$ and glycerin film were coated on the surface of EPS balls. Based on the comparison of degradation efficiencies of MB between intact and $TiO_2$-immobilized EPS balls under UVC illumination, the degradation efficiencies of MB can be significantly improved using $TiO_2$-immobilized EPS balls, and surface reactions in heterogeneous photocatalysis were more dominant than photo-induced radical reactions in aqueous solutions. Thus, $TiO_2$-immobilized EPS balls were found to be an effective photocatalyst for photodegradation of organic compounds in aqueous solutions without further processes (i.e., separation, recycling, and regeneration of $TiO_2$ powder). Further study is in progress to evaluate the feasibility for usage of buoyant $TiO_2$-immobilized EPS to inhibit the excessive growth of algae in rivers and lakes.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.511-516
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• 2009

Photodegradation characteristics of polyolefin composites were studied. Thermogravimetric analysis results suggest that the polyolefin blends used in this study have different amounts of talc. The mechanical behaviors of polyolefin blends, which experienced UV-irradiation in accordance with SAE J1960, are investigated using tensile and Izod impact tests. These results show that as the UV-exposure time increases, a significant drop in the elongation at break and impact strength at a low temperature are observed. This may be explained by the decreases in elastic energy derived from the scission of polymer molecular chains and the low density of entanglement after UV- photodegradation. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicate that no crack and surface damage are observed, while the additional talc particles are exposed, on the UV-exposed surfaces. The exposure of talc particles may be responsible for the discoloration of UV-exposed polyolefin blend surface. Observation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirms the presence of photodegradation on the surface of UV-exposed polyolefin blend.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.425-425
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• 2011

The photocatalytic decomposition of toluene gas was investigated with $TiO_2$ on nano-diamond powder (NDP) under UV irradiation. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used for the growth of $TiO_2$ on the NDP. The structure and surface properties of catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activity for the toluene decomposition was evaluated by measuring the concentration change of toluene and $CO_2$ gas with gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detector (FID) system. The photocatalytic activities of $TiO_2$/NDP catalysts were compared with that of P-25. The rate of initial photocatalytic decomposition of toluene for the $TiO_2$/NDP catalysts was relatively lower when compared to P-25. The photocatalytic activity of P-25 was rapidly decreased with time, whereas, the deactivation of $TiO_2$/NDP catalysts was less pronounced. Therefore, as the reaction time increased, the photocatalytic activity of $TiO_2$/NDP catalysts became higher than that of P-25. The intermediates such as benzaldehyde or benzoic acid, etc were more easily adhered to the active site on the P-25 surface during reaction, resulting in easier deactivation of P-25. These results could be confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy. We suggest that the NDP used as substrate can reduce the deactivation of $TiO_2$ on the surface.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial effects of Moraxella catarrhalis in otitis media with effusion (OME) by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Bacterial suspensions (10000 CFU/mL) were prepared. The colony forming units (CFU) of Moraxella catarrhalis have been measured after an application of photogem plus 632 nm diode laser irradiation. One ml of the bacterial suspensions have been incubated in the dark for 3h with various concentrations of photogem ($0.625{\sim}5.0_{\mu}g/mL$) and then irradiated with 632 nm diode laser ($15J/cm^2$). After, the PDT Moraxella catarrhalis suspensions ($50{\mu}L$) were inoculated on chocolate agar plate and cultured in the dark at $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ condition for 18h. The colony forming units off the bacteria were measured. Also transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to evaluate the effect of otitis media pathogens by PDT. The nucleus of Moraxella catarrhalis was stained using green fluorescent nucleic acid dye thiazole orange and the fluorescence intensity of the nucleus was measured by flow cytometry. The PDT was effective in killing Moraxella catarrhalis at the photogem dose of $5.0_{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, As assessed by flow cytometry analysis the fluorescence intensity of the nucleus got lower after PDT. TEM result appeared to able to cause damage to the bacterial membranes. On the basis of these findings, bacterial photodynamic therapy with photogem can be considered to be a promising new therapeutic approach for OME.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 1999

When a metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET) is exposed to ionizing radiation, electron/hole pairs are generated in its oxide layer. The slow moving holes of them are trapped in the oxide layer of p-MOSFET and appear as extra charges that change the characteristics of the transistor. The radiation-induced charges directly impact the threshold (turn-on) voltage of the transistor. This paper describes the use of the radiation-induced threshold voltage change as an accumulated radiation dose monitoring sensor. Two kinds of commercial p-type MOSFETS were tested in a Co-60 gamma irradiation facility to see their capabilities as a radiation dosimeter. We found that the transistors showed good linearity in their threshold voltage shift characteristics with radiation dose. The results demonstrate the potential use of commercial p-MOSFETS as inexpensive radiation sensors for the first time.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.571-575
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• 2017

In this study, cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots were synthesized by using ultrasonic irradiation method. Optical properties and structural characteristics of the CdTe quantum dots were analyzed by two main variables; the ratio of the precursor and the synthesis time. As the synthesis time increased, the band gap reduction was observed with the growth of CdTe quantum dots. As for the luminescence properties, the red shift appeared at 510~610 nm wavelength range. Also, it was confirmed that the red shift occurs rapidly as the ratio of Te increases. According to PL peak intensity, the highest intensity was shown at 180 to 240 min. Structural characteristics of CdTe quantum dots were investigated through XRD and TEM, and the cubic zinc blend structure was observed. The size of quantum dots was about 2.5 nm and uniformly dispersed when the synthesis time took 210 min. In addition, the apparent crystallinity was discovered in FFT image.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.593-596
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• 2017

Sodium titanate nanosheets were prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method under basic conditions. Ruthenium was introduced on the surface of sodium titanate nanosheets through an UV irradiation in the aqueous $RuCl_3$ solution. The crystal phase and morphology of synthesized samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. In addition, the content of Ru was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma. It was proposed that a monomeric form of ruthenium was incorporated on the surface of sodium titanate. Ruthenium incorporated sodium titanates were applied to alcohol oxidation using molecular oxygen as an oxidant. The sample with 7% ruthenium showed a catalytic activity with a turnover frequency value of $2.1h^{-1}$ in oxidizing benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde without any other byproducts at $105^{\circ}C$ and 1 atmosphere.