• Applied Microscopy
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2013

Technical investigation to figure out the problems arising during in-situ heating electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis inside scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out. EBSD patterns were successfully acquired up to $830^{\circ}C$ without degradation of EBSD pattern quality in steels. Several technical problems such as image drift and surface microstructure pinning were taking place during in-situ experiments. Image drift problem was successfully prevented in constant current supplying mode. It was revealed that the surface pinning problem was resulted from the $TiO_2$ oxide particle formation during heating inside SEM chamber. Surface pinning phenomenon was fairly reduced by additional platinum and carbon multi-layer coating before in-situ heating experiment, furthermore was perfectly prevented by improvement of vacuum level of SEM chamber via leakage control. Plane view in-situ observation provides better understanding on the overall feature of recrystallization phenomena and cross sectional in-situ observation provides clearer understanding on the recrystallization mechanism.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.484-488
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• 2017

In the present study, domain evolution processes of a near-morphotropic PZT ceramic during poling was studied using vertical piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). To perform macroscopic poling in bulk polycrystalline PZT, poling was carried out in a stepwise fashion, and PFM scan was performed after unloading the electric field. To identify the crystallographic orientation and planes for the observed non-$180^{\circ}$ domain walls in the PFM images, compatibility theory and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used in conjunction with PFM. Accurate registration between PFM and the EBSD image quality map was carried out by mapping several grains on the sample surface. A herringbone-like domain pattern consisting of two sets of lamellae was observed; this structure evolved into a single set of lamellae during the stepwise poling process. The mechanism underlying the observed domain evolution process was interpreted as showing that the growth of lamellae is determined by the potential energy associated with polarization and an externally applied electric field.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2019

Ferroelectric material properties are strongly governed by domain structures and their evolution processes, but the evolution processes of complex domain patterns during a macroscopic electrical poling process are still elusive. In the present work, domain-evolution processes in a PZT ceramic near the morphotropic phase-boundary composition were studied during a step-wise electrical poling using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). Electron backscatter diffraction was used with the PFM data to identify the grain boundaries in the region of interest. In response to an externally the applied electric field, growth and retreat of non-$180^{\circ}$ domain boundaries wasere observed. The results indicate that ferroelectric polarization-switching nucleates and evolves in concordance with the pattern of the pre-existing domains.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2017

The variation in microstructure and mechanical properties during heat treatment was examined in a series of 0.27% C-1.5% Mn-1.0% Cr steels with silicon contents in the range of 0 to 1.0 wt%. It was found that addition of 0.5%~1.0% silicon increased both tensile strength and impact toughness through solid solution strengthening and microstructural refinement. 0.27% C-1.0% Si-1.5% Mn-1.0% Cr steel showed tensile strength of 1,700 MPa in the as-quenched condition and the steel revealed a full martensitic structure even after air cooling from $900^{\circ}C$ to room temperature, showing air hardening characteristics. Tempering at $150^{\circ}C$ which corresponds to the typical paint-baking temperature after painting of body in white, slightly decreased the tensile strength and increased elongation, but substantially increased the impact toughness compared to the as-quenched steel.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2016

The variation in microstructure and mechanical properties during heat treatment was examined in a series of 0.27% C-1.0% Si-1.5% Mn steels with chromium contents in the range of 0 to 1.0 wt%. It was found that chromium decreased the martensite packet size through the austenite grain refinement and increased tensile strength in the as-quenched steel, about 70 MPa per 1.0 wt%. The 0.27% C-1.0% Si-1.5% Mn-1.0% Cr steel showed tensile strength of 1700 MPa in the as-quenched steel. The 0.27% C-1.0% Si-1.5% Mn-1.0% Cr steel revealed a full martensitic structure after air cooling from $900^{\circ}C$ to room temperature, showing air hardening characteristics. Tempering at $150^{\circ}C$ slightly decreased the tensile strength and increased elongation, which is in a good agreement with impact toughness result.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.2801-2808
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• 2022

The synergistic effect of ZrC nanoparticle pining and Re solution in W matrix on the thermal stability of tungsten was studied by investigating the evolution of the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties after annealing in a temperature range of 1000-1700 ℃. The results of metallography, electron backscatter diffraction pattern and Vickers micro-hardness indicate that the rolled W-1wt%Re-0.5 wt% ZrC alloy has a higher recrystallization temperature (1600 ℃-1700 ℃) than that of the rolled pure W (1200 ℃), W-0.5 wt%ZrC (1300 ℃), W-0.5 wt%HfC (1400-1500 ℃) and W-K-3wt%Re alloy fabricated by the same technology. The molecular dynamics simulation results indicated that solution Re atoms in W matrix can slow down the self-diffusion of W atoms and form dragging effect to delay the growth of W grain, moreover, the diffusion coefficient decrease with increasing Re content. In addition, the ZrC nanoparticles can pin the grain boundaries and dislocations effectively, preventing the recrystallization. Therefore, synergistic effect of solid solution Re element and dispersed ZrC nanoparticles significantly increase recrystallization temperature.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.550-555
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• 2007

The effective fracture toughness testing of materials intended for application in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices is required in order to improve understanding of how micro sized material used in device may be expected to perform upon the micro scale. ${\gamma}$-TiAl based materials are being considered for application in MEMS devices at elevated temperatures. Especially, in Alloy 4, both ${\alpha}_2$ and ${\gamma}$ lamellae were altered markedly in 3,000 h, $700^{\circ}C$ exposure. Parallel decomposition of coarse ${\alpha}_2$ into bunches of very fine (${\alpha}_2+{\gamma}$) lamellae. Parallel decomposition of coarse ${\alpha}_2$ into bunches of very fine (${\alpha}_2+{\gamma}$) lamellae. The materials were examined 2 types Alloy 4 on heat exposed specimen($700^{\circ}C$, 3,000 h) and no heat exposed one. Micro sized cantilever beams were prepared mechanical polishing on both side at $25{\sim}30{\mu}m$ and electro final stage polishing to observe lamellar orientation of same colony with EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction Pattern). Through lamellar orientation as inter-lamellae or trans-lamellae, Cantilever beam was fabricated with Focused Ion Beam(FIB). The directional behavior of the lamellar structure was important property in single material, because of the effects of the different processing method and variations in properties according to lamellar orientation. In MEMS application, it is first necessary to have a reliable understanding of the manufacturing methods to be used to produce micro structure.