• 공업화학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2011

본 총설은 전극표면과 수용액 사이의 계면에서의 산화 및 환원반응을 이용하여 수용액 내 존재하는 유해한 유기화합물, 중금속 이온 등을 처리 가능한 최근의 전기화학기술에 대해서 정리 요약한 것이다. 수처리에 사용 가능한 전기화학기술은 일반적으로 고온, 고압을 요구하지 않으므로 비용면과 안정성면에서 장점을 지니고 있으며, 또한 높은 시스템 효율로서 다양한 성분을 포함한 폐수를 동시에 처리 가능하다는 것을 소개하고자 한다. 무엇보다 중요한 것은 전극소재의 선택과 사용이다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.162-166
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• 2000

플라즈마 화학증착법(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition, PECVD)을 이용하여 양질의 $Si_3N_4$ 금속-유전막-금속(Metal-Insulator-Metal, MIM) 커패시터를 구현하였다. 유전체인 $Si_3N_4$와 전극인 Al의 계면반응을 억제시키기 위해 티타늄 나이트라이드(TiN)를 확산 장벽으로 사용한 결과 MIM 커패시터의 전극과 유전체 사이의 계면에서는 어떠한 hillock이나 석출물도 관찰되지 않았다. 커패시턴스와 전류전압 특성분석으로부터 양질의 MIM 커패시터 특성을 보이는 $Si_3N_4$의 최소 두께는 500 $\AA$이며, 그 두께 미만에서는 대부분의 커패시터가 전기적으로 단락되어 웨이퍼 수율이 낮아진다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 투과전자현미경(transmission Electron Microscope, TEM)을 이용한 단면 미세구조 관찰을 통해 $Si_3N_4$층의 두께가 500 $\AA$ 미만인 커패시터의 경우에 TiN과 $Si_3N_4$의 계면에서 형성되는 슬릿형 공동(slit-like void)01 의해 커패시터의 유전특성이 파괴된다는 사실을 알게 되었으며, 열 유기 잔류 응력(thermally-induced residual stress) 계산에 기초하여 공동의 형성 기구를 규명하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2016

A brain-computer interface or BCI provides an alternative method for acting on the world. Brain signals can be recorded from the electrical activity along the scalp using an electrode cap. By analyzing the EEG, it is possible to determine whether a person is thinking about his/her hand or foot movement and this information can be transferred to a machine and then translated into commands. However, we do not know which information relates to motor imagery and which channel is good for extracting features. A general approach is to use all electronic channels to analyze the EEG signals, but this causes many problems, such as overfitting and problems removing noisy and artificial signals. To overcome these problems, in this paper we used a new optimization method called the Fruit Fly optimization algorithm (FOA) to select the best channels and then combine them with CSP method to extract features to improve the classification accuracy by linear discriminant analysis. We also used particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a genetic algorithm (GA) to select the optimal EEG channel and compared the performance with that of the FOA algorithm. The results show that for some subjects, the FOA algorithm is a better method for selecting the optimal EEG channel in a short time.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 DC 마그네트론 스퍼터를 사용하여 Cr/Co/Al-Ox/Co/Ni-Fe 다층박막에 다양한 두께의 Cr 하지층을 삽입함에 따른 자기적 특성 및 전기적 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 3 nm 두께의 Cr 하지층 증착시 자기저항비의 변화는 관찰할 수 없었고 적정한 Cr두께가 증가함에 따라 Co의 보자력이 크게 증가되었다 또한, 산화시간이 길수록 두 강자성층간에 보자력 차이 및 절연층의 저항이 점차 증가하였는데, 이는 산화시간에 따라 상부층 계면의 평탄성의 증가에 기인하는 것으로 생각되며 TEM을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. Cr 하지층 유무에 관계없이 최고 자기저항비가 나타나는 절연층의 산화시간은 60~70초로 비슷하였지만 Cr 두께가 증가할수록 자기저항비는 감소하였다. 이는 전극간 계면의 거칠기의 증가로 인해 미반응 Al의 잔존 확률이 상대적으로 커짐에 따라 터널 전자의 산란이 증가함으로써 나타나는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 결과로 Cr하지층의 두께는 3 nm로 고정하였으며 하지층의 증착 및 적정산화를 통하여 두 강자성층간에 큰 보자력 차이를 유도할 수 있었다. 이는 재현성에 있어서 가장 큰 문제점을 지닌 TMR 소자에 매우 긍정적인 해결방안을 제시할 수 있게 된다.̄

• 전기화학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2010

흑연과 1-buthyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium(BDMI)계 이온성 액체의 계면 반응을 이해하기 위하여 lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)가 용해된 BDMI-TFSI 용액 중에서 전기화학 원자간력 현미경(electrochemical atomic force microscopy, ECAFM)을 이용하여 순환 전압전류법 전후에 있어서의 고배향성 열분해 흑연(highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, HOPG)의 표면을 in-situ로 관찰하였다. HOPG 전극에서 리튬의 가역적인 삽입과 탈리반응은 진행되지 않았으며, $BDMI^+$ 양이온의 삽입에 의한 blister의 형성 및 그라펜 층의 파괴만이 관찰되었다. 한편, $BDMI^+$ 양이온의 삽입 반응은 농도가 4.90 mol/kg인 LiTFSI-propylene carbonate(PC)를 15 wt% 함유하고 있는 BDMI-TFSI계에서는 일어나지 않았으며, 이 경우에는 가역적인 리튬의 삽입과 탈리반응이 진행 되었다. ECAFM 결과는 고농도의 PC계 용액이 solid electrolyte interface(SEI)를 형성함으로 인해 $BDMI^+$ 양이온의 삽입을 막는 매우 효과적인 첨가제임을 나타내었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2015

We proposed blink based online speller for the locked-in syndrome (LIS) patients, paralyzed in nearly all voluntary muscles expect for the eyes, with a simple and easy-to-use eye blink detection glasses. Electrooculogram (EOG) is the golden standard method of eye movement or blink measurement with Ag/AgCl electrodes. However, this method has several drawbacks such as skin irritation and dehydration of conductive gel. To resolve the shortcomings, we used a blink detection system based on a transparent capacitively coupled electrode, which is conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) films. The films make it possible to measure eye blink without direct skin contact and obstruction of field of view. We finally developed user-friendly blink based online speller with the blink detection system. To classify voluntary and non-voluntary blink, we used the double blink for command of the speller. The online speller experiment result with six healthy subjects shows that mean accuracy is 98.96% and letter per minute (LPM) is 4.73, which are better result by comparison with conventional P300 or auditory brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm. The result of the experiment demonstrates the possibility of applying the proposed system as a communication method for the LIS patients.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2010

$La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_{3-\delta}$ (LSCF) powders with different particle sizes, synthesized through a citrate complexation method and a gel-casting technique, are used to fabricate porous LSCF cathodes with graded microstructures via tape casting. To create porous electrodes with desired porosity and pore structures, graphite and starch are used as pore former for different layers of the graded cathode. Examination of the microstructures of the as-prepared LSCF cathode using an SEM revealed that both grain size and porosity changed gradually from the catalytically active layer (near the electrodeelectrolyte interface) to the current collection layer (near the electrode-interconnect interface). Impedance analysis showed that a 3-layer LSCF cathode with graded microstructures exhibited much-improved performance compared to that of a single-layer LSCF cathode, corresponding to interfacial resistance of 0.053, 0.11, and 0.27 $\Omega{\cdot}cm^2$ at 800, 750, and $700^{\circ}C$ respectively.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1699-1701
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• 2000

The dynamic behavior of fatty acid monolayers at the air-water interface was investigated using a displacement current-measuring technique coupled with the so-called Langmuir film technique and also the dipole moment of the acids was determined. The displacement current flowing though a short circuit wan generated only when induced charges on an electrode flowing though suspended in air was changed by monolayer compression. The displacement current measurement was found to be a very sensitive method used for a better understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of the monolayers placed on the water surface and it was also found to be a very useful method for detecting the dynamic motion of molecules in the entire range from the so-called gaseous state to solid state at the same time. In the paper investigate fatty monolayer dynamic state and electric property character. As result. Displacement current generate higher nearly distance electrodel and water surface. Also, Molecule behavior was found pocess active higher thermal.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2002

The ferroelectric properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O$_3$[PZT] films degrade when the films with Pt top electrodes are annealed in hydrogen containing environment. This is due to the reduction activity of atomic hydrogen that is generated by the catalytic activity of the Pt top electrode. At the initial stage of hydrogen annealing, oxygen vacancies are formed by the reduction activity of hydrogen mainly at the vicinity of top Pt/PZT interface, resulting in a shift of P-E (polarization-electric field) hysteresis curve toward the negative electric field direction. As the hydrogen annealing time increases, oxygen vacancies are formed inside the PZT film by the inward diffusion of hydrogen ions, as a result, the polarization degrades significantly and the degree of P-E curve shift decreases gradually. The direction and the magnitude of the remnant polarization in the PZT film affect the motion of hydrogen ions which determines the degradation of polarization characteristics and the shift in the P-E hysteresis curve of the PZT capacitor during hydrogen annealing. When the remnant polarization is formed in the PZT film by applying a pre-poling voltage prior to hydrogen annealing, the direction of the P-E curve shift induced by hydrogen annealing is opposite to the polarity of the pre-poling voltage. The hydrogen-induced degradation behavior of the PZT capacitor is also affected by the internal field that has been generated in the PZT film by the charges located at the top interface prior to hydrogen annealing.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.8-9
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• 2006

Hafnium oxide ($HfO_2$) thin films were deposited on p-type (100) silicon wafers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using TEMAHf and $O_3$. Prior to the deposition of $HfO_2$ films, a thin Hf ($10\;{\AA}$) metal layer was deposited. Deposition temperature of $HfO_2$ thin film was $350^{\circ}C$ and its thickness was $150\;{\AA}$. Samples were then annealed using furnace heating to temperature ranges from 500 to $900^{\circ}C$. The MOS capacitor of round-type was fabricated on Si substrates. Thermally evaporated $3000\;{\AA}$-thick AI was used as top electrode. In this work, We study the interface characterization of $HfO_2$/Hf/Si MOS capacitor depending on annealing temperature. Through AES(Auger Electron Spectroscopy), capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) analysis, the role of Hf layer for the better $HfO_2$/Si interface property was investigated. We found that Hf meta1 layer in our structure effective1y suppressed the generation of interfacial $SiO_2$ layer between $HfO_2$ film and silicon substrate.