• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2013

The maximum power analysis simulator took advantage of the facilities and power consumption reduction simulator test scenario development and testing of improvement in the scenario. As a maximum demand power controller, Maximum power analysis simulator performs control and disperasion of maximum demand power by calculating base power, load forecast, and present power which are based on signal of watt-hour meter to keep the electricity under the target. In addition, various algorithms to select appropriate control methode on each of the light installations through the peak demand power is configured to management. The simulation shows the success of control power for the specified target controlled by five sequential lighting installations.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.130-142
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• 2018

We use heat pumps with thermal storage system to reduce peak usage of electric power during winters and summers. A heat pump stores thermal energy in a thermal storage tank during the night, to meet load requirements during the day. This system stabilizes the supply and demand of electric power; moreover by utilizing the inexpensive midnight electric power, thus making it cost effective. In this study, we propose a system wherein the thermal storage tank and heat pump are modeled using the TRNSYS, whereas the control simulations are performed by (i) conventional control methods (i.e., thermal storage priority method and heat pump priority method); (ii) region control method, which operates at the optimal part load ratio of the heat pump; (iii) load response control method, which minimizes operating cost responding to load; and (iv) dynamic programming method, which runs the system by following the minimum cost path. We observed that the electricity cost using the region control method, load response control approach, and dynamic programing method was lower compared to using conventional control techniques. According to the annual simulation results, the electricity cost utilizing the load response control method is 43% and 4.4% lower than those obtained by the conventional techniques. We can note that the result related to the power cost was similar to that obtained by the dynamic programming method based on the load prediction. We can, therefore, conclude that the load response control method turned out to be more advantageous when compared to the conventional techniques regarding power consumption and electricity costs.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2005

사무소용 빌딩과 같은 전력다소비 건물에서는 전력의 효율적 이용에 의한 에너지절감을 위해서 설계 단계부터 합리적인 전기설비 설계가 요청되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사무소용 빌딩을 중심으로 부하종류별 전력소비특성을 조사 분석하였고, 전기설계사무소의 설계단계에서 적용하는 수용률값을 조사하였다. 조사된 자료의 전체 특징과 중심적인 경향을 알아보기 위해서 평균값, 표준편차, 최대값, 최소값, 중앙값 등의 특징파라메터를 분석하였고, 회귀분석을 통한 선형적인 방법과 비선형적인 방법으로 그 경향을 확인하였다. 그 결과 합성 수용률/부등률 평균값은 $46.4[\%]$로 나타나 전력용변압기는 용량에 있어서 많은 여유를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 변전설비 용량의 합리적인 설계를 위하여 부하종별 수용률 기준(안)을 제시하였고, 변전설비용량 산정에 필요한 자료를 데이터 베이스화하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2007

병원용 건물과 같은 전력다소비 건물에서는 전력의 효율적 이용에 의한 에너지절감을 위해서 설계 단계부터 합리적인 전기설비 설계가 요청되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 병원용 건물 32개소를 선정하여 부하종류별 전력소비특성을 조사 분석하였고, 9개소의 전기설계사무소로부터 설계단계에서 적용하는 수용률값을 조사하였다. 조사된 자료의 전체 특징과 중심적인 경향을 알아 보기 위해서 평균값, 표준편차, 최대값, 최소값, 중앙값 등의 특징파라메터를 분석하였고, 회귀분석을 통한 선형적인 방법과 비선형적인 방법으로 그 경향을 확인하였다. 그 결과 합성 수용률 평균값은 47.5[%]이었으며, 전력용변압기는 용량에 있어서 많은 여유를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 변전 설비용량의 합리적인 설계를 위하여 부하종별 수용률 기준(안)을 제시하였고, 변전설비용량 산정에 필요한 자료를 데이터베이스화하였다.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2014

In the capital of Mongolia where the air quality is getting worse due to the coal consumption used for electricity generation and district heating, the application of geothermal systems in the housing sector is recently designed for high class resort. In this study, the case of applying a geothermal system in a house in Mongolia is examined. The effects of passive house design on the needed heat pump capacity, as well as the annual energy consumption are analyzed. Moreover, as the initial costs, except labor fee, are assumed similar to Korea, cost analysis for several cases is examined, too. From the results, if a house is designed according to passive house standard instead of ASHRAE standard, the heat pump capacity can be expected to be reduced from 16 to 5~6 RT. Furthermore, although the initial cost of architectural cost might increased by 29 M\, the total initial cost is reduced by 14 M\, while the annual energy consumption is reduced by 14%. This is mainly driven by the fact that the geothermal system which serves as the main system to cover the building needs, with a high initial cost for fulfilling the peak requirements.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.915-922
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• 2017

최근 지속적인 전력 수요 증가와 이에 따른 사회적 비용 및 갈등 해결을 위한 방안으로 수요자원 거래시장(Demand Response Market)의 활성화가 크게 대두되고 있다. 국내의 경우 2014년부터 수요자원 거래시장을 운영 중이나 대규모 수요자원 거래에 집중하고 있다. 하지만, 전력 소비 비중의 증가, 큰 감축 유동성, 항상 활용 가능, 사회 인식 개선 등의 면에서 소규모 전력 소비자의 시장 참여는 성공적인 수요자원 거래시장 운영의 핵심적 요소로 볼 수 있다. 이 논문은 2016년 여름 스마트폰 어플리케이션을 활용하여 5,000명 이상의 소규모 전력 소비자를 대상으로 한 인센티브 기반(incentive-based) 수요반응(Demand Response) 프로그램의 실제 시범운영 결과를 분석하고 그 효과를 검증하며, 이를 통하여 소규모 전력 소비자 대상 수요자원 거래시장의 가능성을 제시한다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.852-858
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• 2012

This paper describes evaluation results of the wind power penetration limit (WPPL) and the wind energy penetration (WEP) in the Mongolian central power system (MCPS). A wind power plant (WPP) in a power system possesses an output power limit because the power system must maintain a balance between the generation and consumption of electricity at all times in order to achieve an adequate level of quality. The instantaneous penetration limit (IPL) of wind generation at a load is determined as the minimum of the three technical constraints: the minimum output, the ramp rate capability, and the spinning reserve of the conventional generating units. In this paper, a WPPL is defined as the maximum IPL divided by the peak load. A maximal variation rate (VR) of wind power is a major factor in determining the IPL, WPPL, and WEP. This paper analyzes the effects of the maximal VR of wind power on the WPPL, WEP, and capacity factor (CF) in the MCPS. The results indicate that a small VR can facilitate a large amount of wind energy while maintaining a high CF with increased wind power penetration.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2020

Distributed energy resources (DERs) are essential for coping with growing multiple energy demands. A microgrid (MG) is a small-scale version of the power system which makes possible the integration of DERs as well as achieving maximum demand-side management utilization. Hence, this study focuses on the analysis of optimal power dispatch considering economic aspects in a multi-carrier microgrid (MCMG) with price-responsive loads. This paper proposes a novel time-based demand-side management in order to reshape the load curve, as well as preventing the excessive use of energy in peak hours. In conventional studies, energy consumption is optimized from the perspective of each infrastructure user without considering the interactions. Here, the interaction of energy system infrastructures is considered in the presence of energy storage systems (ESSs), small-scale energy resources (SSERs), and responsive loads. Simulations are performed using GAMS (General Algebraic modeling system) to model MCMG, which are connected to the electricity, natural gas, and district heat networks for supplying multiple energy demands. Results show that the simultaneous operation of various energy carriers, as well as utilization of price-responsive loads, lead to better MCMG performance and decrease operating costs for smart distribution grids. This model is examined on a typical MCMG, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is proven.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2017

철도 시스템의 전력 소비를 줄이기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그 중에서 급속충전방식 무가선 전동차 시스템은 철도 분야에서 매우 효율적인 에너지 절감 기술로 주목 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 ESS를 이용한 급속충전 무가선 전동차 시스템을 소개하고 현재의 도시철도 전기요금 산정방식에 대하여 분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 급속 충전 무가선 전동차 시스템 적용 가능한 두 가지 전기요금 저감 방안(기본요금을 저감하는 방식(Case 1)과 전력량요금을 저감시키는 방식(Case 2))을 제안하였다. 제한하는 방식의 타당성 확인을 위해 현재 운영 중인 전동차 시스템(도시철도 2호선)의 전기요금과 비교하여 비용 경제성을 평가하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.713-718
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• 2014

DC urban railway power system consists of DC power network and AC power network. The DC power network supplies electric power to railway vehicles and the AC power network supplies electric power to station electric equipment. Recently, because of power consumption reduction and peak load shaving, intelligent measurement of regenerative energy and renewable energy adapted on DC urban railway is required. For this reason, DC smart metering system for DC power network shall be developed. Therefore, in this paper, DC voltage sensor, current sensor, and DC smart meter were developed and evaluated by performance test. DC voltage sensor was developed for measuring standard voltage range of DC urban railway, and DC current sensor was developed as hall effect split core type in order to install in existing system. DC smart meter possesses function of general intelligent electric power meter, such as measuring electricity and wireless communication etc. And, DC voltage sensor showed average 0.17% of measuring error for 2,000V/50mA, and current sensor showed average 0.21% of measuring error for ${\pm}2,000V/{\pm}4V$ in performance test. Also DC smart meter showed maximum 0.92% of measuring error for output of voltage sensor and current sensor. In similar environment for real DC power network, measuring error rate was under 0.5%. In conclusion, accuracy of DC smart metering system was confirmed by performance test, and more detailed performance will be verified by further real operation DC urban railway line test.