• 대한가정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.65-86
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• 1990

Living conditions of the rural elderly were assessed in terms of clothing behavior, health and nutritional status, housing and envioronmental condition, and psychological adjustment. The subjects were eighty individuals over sixty residing in the rural community of Iksan-kun, Chollabukdo. The interview method using questionnaires, direct measurement, and observation was used for this study. Data were compared with those obtained from a previous study of the elderly residing in an urban area. Clothing behavior showed that the elderly residing in the rural community were more concerned about plain and conservative design of clothes than their urban counterparts. Special protective clothes for cropdusting with agricultural chemicals had not been prepared. The following urgent needs were pointed out: development and supply of agricultural chemical protective clothing and development and education of appropriate washing and clothing care methods. The health status of the elderly was generally good, but poor eating habits were found more frequently in the rural elderly than among the urban dwellers. Several dietary nutrient intakes were insufficient. Contrasting the urban elderly with the rural group, it was found that the urban group lacked sufficient vitamin A and vitamin C and the urban women had insufficient calorie whereas the rural group was deficient in protein, vitamin A, calorie, and fat. A significant relationship was found between dietary nutrient intake and health index, food habit points, self recognized health status, meal satisfaction, and economic status. Urgent needs of the development of a nutrition education program for the elderly were pointed out. Most of elderly residing in the surveyed rural communities were living alone or with their spouse only, therefore only one room was used among the three or four available rooms. Most of the rural elderly were living either in a traditional Korean house built with differing floor levels or in a modified Korean style house. Minimal modernization had been made for kitchen facilities such as sink and gas range or for heating facilities with the briquette boiler. However, sanitary space such as lavatory and bathroom had not been remodeled. A housing welfare program for rural communities should be implemented at the national level. The comparison of psychological characteristics of the rural elderly with their city counterparts revealed that the rural elderly have a more stable psychological status and optimistic attitude than those living in a city. However, it was found that most of the elderly did not have any future plan. Community programs for the elderly including hobbies or leisure activities or education programs to generate close interpersonal relationships with their children should be developed and provided.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

Background: South Korea is rapidly being an aging-society and the demand of long-term care insurance services for elderly patients is rising. In addition, because the elderly taking multiple medicines, the adherence is lowered and the adverse events are easily occurred. Therefore, many are interested in introducing the geriatric pharmacy specialist to manage this situation. Purpose: By applying a similar program such as the geriatric pharmacy specialist working in nursing home, we conducted this study to evaluate the potential contribution to both the health insurance services and financial savings for the elderly patients. Methods: We conducted a trial in an elderly nursing home to collaborate between doctor and pharmacist making a checklist for improving medication adherence and establish a consultation system. Also we applied a smart phone application in the pharmaceutical care processes. Results: Thereby completing the drug therapy related checklist apply to nursing facilities in South Korea. And we got a performance that improves medication adherence when used in the clinical practice settings. Conclusion: By introducing a training program of pharmacy care managers and geriatric professionals such as the United States and Japan, we revealed the elderly nursing home residents and vulnerable elderly people living alone were improved the medication adherence and it will contributed to the health and quality of life of the patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2015

본 연구는 서울 시내 복지관 두 곳을 방문하여 노인들을 대상으로 신체계측과 설문조사, 24시간회상법을 통한 영양섭취 상태를 조사하고 식사의 질을 평가하였다. 여자노인을 독거노인군 (LA군), 부부노인군 (LS군), 자녀동거 노인군 (LC군)으로 세 가지 가구 유형으로 나누어 조사하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 일반적인 특성에서 여자노인의 나이는 LA군이 75세로 가장 높았고 LS군이 70세로 가장 낮았다 (p < 0.001). WHR에서 LC군이 0.91로 0.89인 LA군과 LS군보다 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.049). 월수입은 LS군이 185만원으로 가장 높았고 LA군이 67만원으로 가장 낮았다 (p < 0.001). 질병유병률에서는 여자노인 80% 정도가 1가지 이상의 질병을 가지고 있었으며, 심혈관계 질환 유병율이 가장 높았다. 2) 식생활과 생활습관면에서 가구유형별로 흡연, 음주, 운동유무, 영양제 섭취에 대한 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3) 1일 영양소 섭취량에서 열량, 식물성 단백질, 지질, 칼슘, 인, 칼륨, 셀레늄의 섭취량에서 가구 유형별 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 또한 비타민의 섭취량에서는 비타민 D, 비타민 E, 비타민 B군에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며 (p < 0.05), LA군의 섭취량이 LS군 또는 LC군에 비해 영양소의 섭취량이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 연령과 월 수입을 보정한 후에는 대부분의 영양소 섭취에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 칼슘, 비타민 D, $B_{12}$, 콜레스테롤의 섭취량은 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 영양질적지수(INQ)를 보면 칼슘, 비타민 D, 비타민 $B_2$에서 1 미만의 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 비타민 $B_{12}$의 INQ 값은 연령과 월 수입을 보정한 후에도 세 군간 유의한 차이가 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 4) 에너지 섭취율을 비교한 결과 에너지필요추정량보다 적게 섭취한 대상자가 LA군이 가장 많았다 (p < 0.05). 탄수화물에서는 가구유형별에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었으나 에너지적정비율보다 높게 섭취하는 대상자 분율이 LA군에서 가장 높아서 탄수화물 의존도가 가장 높았다. 지질의 경우 LA군의 50%가 에너지적정비율에 못 미치는 양을 섭취하였고 단백질은 세군 모두 에너지적정비율만큼 섭취하였다. 5) 미량영양소 섭취 상태를 평균필요량과 충분섭취량을 기준으로 비교한 결과, LA군에서 비타민 $B_2$, 나이아신, 비타민 $B_6$, $B_{12}$의 평균필요량과 충분섭취량 미만 섭취 분율이 가장 높았고 LS군에서 가장 낮게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 6) 여자노인의 1일 식품군별 섭취량을 비교한 결과, 과일류, 생선류, 해조류의 섭취량은 연령과 월 수입을 보정한 후에도 가구 유형별 유의한 차이가 나타났으며 (p < 0.05), 과일류는 LS군에서 해조류는 LA군에서 가장 많이 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다. 7) 노인들의 식품군 점수를 평가한 KDDS를 살펴보면 여자 노인의 경우 다섯가지 주요 식품군이 모두 포함된 식사 (KDDS = 5)를 하는 대상자는 LS군이 가장 많았고, 3가지 이하의 식품군을 섭취하는 식사 (KDDS = 0~3)를 하는 여자 노인은 LC군과 LA군에서 많았다. (p = 0.048). 노인들의 식품군별 섭취패턴을 보면 우유 및 유제품 군을 부족하게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 식품섭취는 가족 구성에 따라 영향을 받는 것으로 조사되었으며, 그러나 월 평균 수입도 여성 노인들의 식품 및 영양섭취에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 독거노인이 부부노인과 자녀동거 노인에 비해 영양소 섭취율이 낮았고 식품군별 다양성 점수가 낮았다. 영양섭취의 취약계층인 독거노인을 위한 영양교육 및 영양지원을 통해 식습관 개선이 필요하다고 여겨진다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.683-699
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• 2020

Recently, the earth's highest temperature is rising due to severe climate change and heat wave. In addition, due to the increase of elderly population over 65, the number of heat patients is also increasing. In particular, the elderly who live alone in poor living environments, the lower income group, and the socially disadvantaged, such as children and pregnant women, are exposed to the dangers of heat waves, so the government's practical measures are urgently needed. In this study, we will build a visualization platform for each level of heat wave and provide the necessary countermeasure solution according to the heat wave risk. "The Hazard Visualization Platform for Heatwave" provide not only simple information, but also a customized safety service for citizens to prevent heatwaves, respond to heatwaves, and utilize heat wave information.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.243-256
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• 2013

본 연구는 상관성 조사연구 설계를 이용하여 낙상경험 유무에 따른 낙상두려움 영향 요인을 파악하기 위해서 수행하였다. 연구대상자는 전라남도 1개시에 거주하는 낙상군 148명, 비낙상군 256명 총 404명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용 하여 편의표집 하였으며 조사 기간은 2013년 4월 22일부터 6월 9일까지이었다. 연구결과 낙상률은 36.6%였으며 낙상군과 비낙상군은 연령, 만성질환 수, 영양위험도, 보조기구 사용, 시력장애, 청력장애에서 두 집단 간 유의한 빈도 차이를 보였다. 일반적 특성에 따른 낙상두려움 정도는 낙상군은 영양불량위험도, 보조기구 사용, 시력장애, 거주형태, 주거환경문제수에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며, 비낙상군은 연령, 종교, 영양위험도, 보조기구 사용, 시력장애, 청력장애, 거주형태, 주거환경문제수에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 낙상군은 비낙상군에 비해 낙상두려움, 일상활동장애, 우울은 유의하게 더 높았고 낙상효능감과 주거환경 문제수는 낮았으며 정적균형, 복합이동능력, 생활만족도는 두 집단간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 상관관계를 측정한 결과 낙상군은 낙상두려움과 생활만족도, 낙상효능감 간에 유의한 음의 상관성을 보였으며, 일상활동장애, 우울, 주거환경문제수와는 유의한 양의 상관성을 보였다. 비낙상군은 낙상두려움과 생활만족도, 낙상효능감은 유의한 음의 상관성을 보였고 일상활동장애, 복합이동능력, 우울, 주거환경문제수와는 유의한 양의 상관성을 보였다. 낙상군의 낙상두려움 영향요인은 일상생활장애, 우울, 낙상효능감, 정적균형, 보조기구사용으로 46.1%의 설명력을 보였으며, 비낙상군은 낙상효능감, 주거환경문제수, 일상활동장애. 영양위험도, 주거형태, 현기증, 보조기구사용 등으로 55.2%의 설명력을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 독거여성노인 낙상두려움은 신체적 특성과 심리적 특성 및 주거 환경적 특성과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났지만 낙상경험에 따라 차이가 있으므로 독거노인 의 낙상두려움을 감소시키기 위해서는 낙상경험을 고려한 중재가 필요함이 확인되었다. 그러나 낙상두려움이 재낙상의 중요한 관련 변수이기는 하지만 교정가능성이 높은 점을 고려하여 낙상두려움 정도 및 위험요인에 대한 주기적 평가를 통해 고위험군을 발견하도록 하고, 이들을 대상으로 낙상경험에 따른 통합적 중재 프로그램이 맞춤형으로 개발 제공되어 져야 할 것이다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2008

- Abstract - Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and identify its related factors among an urban elderly. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from 333 men and 514 women, aged 65-79 years who participated in '2007 community health survey' in Donggu, Gwangju metropolitan city. Their depressive symptoms were measured by Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: The mean CES-D score (mean±S.D) for all subjects was 7.68±0.31. The mean CES-D score was significantly greater in the women (9.09±0.43) than in the men (5.51±0.39) (p<0.001). The prevalence rates of possible depression (CES-D score ≥16), probable depression (CES-D score≥21), and definite depression (CES-D score≥25) were 8.1%, 5.4%, and 3.9% in men, respectively. The prevalence rates of possible depression, probable depression, and definite depression were 19.5%, 11.1%, and 7.2% in women, respectively. Existence of spouse (no/yes), education level (no/high school or higher), health security system (medical aid/national health insurance), self-reported health status (poor/good), vascular risk factors (present/absent) proved to be statistically significant related factors of depression. Conclusions: This study suggests that a systematic effort and attention to support for elderly people living alone, low educational level, medical aid, poor self-reported health status and vascular risk factors should be promoted to reduce the incidence of depression.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.43-65
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• 2007

This research aims at finding out how spare time activity, relationships with their children and loneliness affect the satisfaction of life of elderly people who have no spouse. To begin, according to the survey, in the case of elderly people who have no spouse, male elderly people feel more loneliness, lower unification with their offspring, and do less activity in their spare time than female elderly people. The elderly people with a higher educational level, feel less loneliness and have a close relationship with their offspring. When elderly people believe in a religion, they participate in positive activities in their spare time and have a higher satisfaction of life. Secondly, the less the elderly people have for a monthly income, the more they feel a deep sense of isolation. However, if the elderly have a sufficient monthly income, they spend their spare time on positive activities and feel a higher sense of satisfaction in their lives. These results show that economic situation is an important factor for elderly people to maintain good mental health and a good quality of life. Thirdly, the loneliness of elderly people who have no spouse was influenced by whether the elderly people have children or not. If an elderly person loses their spouse through death, they can find themselves in a desperate situation and feeling very isolated. Most elderly people who have no spouse want to live with their offspring and depend on their sons and daughters economically and psychologically. However, the elderly people living alone have lower satisfaction of life because of economic and psychological problems. Therefore, the results shows that the life satisfaction of elderly people who have no spouse was influenced by living with their children and having a close relationship with them. The elderly people who have no spouse feel hopelessness and rely increasingly on their sons and daughters. The elderly people who don't have a sufficient monthly income not only feel more loneliness than other elderly people, but are also restricted in their spare time activities. It proves that the economic situation(monthly income) is also an important factor to maintain personal relationships.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.855-866
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• 2008

The dietary patterns and characteristics of oldest-old subjects over 85 of Sunchang County (total of 171, 61 males and 110 females) were studied. The average age was $90.6{\pm}3.7$ years old (male; $89.1{\pm}2.8$, female; $91.5{\pm}3.8$), and 90.9% of them were reported to have had no schooling experience. Family types having a spouse were much greater in men (50%) than women (1.8%). The percentages of living alone showed the gender differences, which were comprised of 33% of females and 18.3% of males. In this study, 73.7% of subjects answered "very good" or "good" for their health status. These elderly subjects might maintain their health through a relatively lower rate of smoking (22.2%) and drinking (27.5%), having non-sedentary activities (84.2% of the subjects are physically active) and enough sleep. Their characteristic dietary patterns include high preference of rice (96.5%) and blanch & Seasoned vegetable dishes (Namal, 90.6%) frequent consumption of plant-based food groups containing plenty of anti-oxidants such as vegetables and legumes, and they showed high rates of meal regularity (77.2%) and no skipping of meals (94.2%). It seems to be developed and disseminated in the congregate meal program for improving nutritional status of the elderly, since the coming increment of single-elderly family and single dwellers of rural areas.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to determine whether muscle strength training programs have an impact on improving symptoms of urinary incontinence (UI) and physical function among elderly women with UI who reside in long-term care facilities. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants had to be over 65 years, score over 15 score on the mini-mental state examination, and be able to walk alone or with an assistant. Seventy residents were randomly allocated to either the training group (n=35) or control group (n=35). The program consisted of 50 minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks, and included Kegel's exercise, Thera-band training and indoor walking. Main outcomes were UI symptoms, peak vaginal pressure and physical functions measured with timed up and go test (TUG), one leg standing test (OLST), activities of daily living (ADL) and grip strength. Changes in outcome measurements were calculated from baseline to 4 weeks and to 8 weeks using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There were significant differences in peak vaginal pressure (p<.001), TUG (p<.001), OLST (p=.012) and grip strength (p<.001) in the interaction between groups and time. Conclusion: Future studies are suggested to confirm the effect of muscle strength training in long-term care facilities where elderly women with UI reside.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2002

This study was designed to assess diet and health-related factors of older adults in Korea. Subjects females were 2,660 adults aged 50 and over living in Korea. Males were 847 persons and were 1813 persons. The mean weight and height for males and females were 63.8 $\pm$ 0.3kg / 164.0 $\pm$ 0.2cm and 57.0 $\pm$ 0.2kg /150.6 $\pm$ 0.1cm respectively. BMI (body mass index), body fat, and percent fat were significantly greater in females than in males. The muscle mass and body water were significantly greater in males than in females. Twenty-one percent of total subjects lived alone and 26% with spouse only. Most of the subject's self-reported income was in middle level (65%) or low level (24%). Proportion of subjects who answered 'very poor' or 'poor' on perceived health status was higher in older group. The 50-64 years old group was facing more stress than 65yr and over group. Among male subjects,38.4% were current-smokers and 22.0% were ex-smokers. But only 6.5% of female subjects were current-smokers. Males turned out to have better dietary habits-meal frequency per day, mealtime regularity, regular meal size and balanced eating-than females (p < 0.001). This study revealed that the diet and health-related factors affect nutritional status and chronic diseases of the elderly. For better management and evaluation of health status of the elderly, more effective nutritional assessment tools should be developed.