• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.281-283
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• 2007

This study was conducted to survey of Ehrlichia (E.) canis and Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi antibodies among clinically healthy German shepherd dogs (116 females and 120 males) using a ELISA kit (SNAP 3Dx; IDEXX Laboratories, USA) in Korea. Whole blood samples are collected from the 236 dogs and are tested to detect E. canis and B. burgdorferi antibodies by using ELISA kit (SNAP 3Dx; IDEXX Laboratories, USA). Confidence interval comparisions revealed that dogs of 4-6 years have higher prevalence with a seropositive result (CI=0.17-0.45) in E. canis than the other age groups but there are no differences among age groups in B. burgdorferi. Also, no differences with a seropositive result were found among different regions in E. canis and B. burgdorferi antibodies. In conclusion, this study was the first large scale survey of canine E. canis and B. burgdorferi antibodies in Korea and provide an useful reference for clinicians.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.289-291
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• 2008

3-year-old female Pitbull terrier dog that had been moved to Republic of Korea was diagnosed with Ehrlichia canis infection. Abnormal findings on a complete blood count (CBC) and serum chemistry profile were moderate anemia, mild thrombocytopenia, hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia. Serologic screening test by a commercial ELISA kit for Ehrlichia canis was positive, and serum antibody titer was markedly high (> 1 : 10240). The morula of Ehrlichia organisms was not detected in buffy coat blood smears. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done using the peripheral blood and the result was negative. Based on the serologic test results and the clinical signs, the dog was diagnosed as ehrlichiosis. The dog responded well to doxycycline and was uneventfully recovered.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2017

The study of canine vector-borne diseases in the Philippines started in the 1970s but only gained interest in the past decade. Characterization of such diseases in the Philippines remains incomplete, thus, it is necessary to obtain additional information on the prevalence and diversity of canine tick-borne diseases in the country. In this study, blood samples were obtained at two veterinary clinics in Metro Manila, Philippines from 114 dogs suspected of having canine tick-borne pathogens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on whole blood DNA extracts followed by sequencing, and the following pathogens were detected: Hepatozoon (H.) canis (5.26%), Babesia (B.) vogeli (5.26%), Ehrlichia (E.) canis (4.39%), and Anaplasma platys (3.51%). Additionally, a set of multiplex PCR primers were developed to detect H. canis, Babesia spp. (B. canis and B. vogeli), and E. canis in canine blood. Multiplex and conventional single-reaction PCR results for the 114 dog blood samples were similar, except for one H. canis sample. Multiplex PCR is, therefore, a useful tool in screening infected dogs in veterinary clinics. This study's results, together with those of previous studies in the country, show that canine vector-borne pathogens are an emerging veterinary concern in the Philippines.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.631-634
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• 2010

This study was conducted to survey Dirofilaria (D.) immitis antigen, and Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum, Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia (E.) canis antibodies among clinically healthy dogs in the Daejeon city and Kangwon province. Whole blood samples were collected from two hundred and fifty two dogs (127 females and 125 males, 147 outdoors and 105 indoors), and they were tested by using ELISA kit (SNAP 4Dx, IDEXX Laboratories, USA). Chi-squared analysis showed that A. phagocytophilum of female dogs in outdoors group was significantly higher prevalence than that of female dogs in indoors group (p < 0.05). In addition, infection rate of A. phagocytophilum of over 7 year-old-dogs in outdoors group revealed significantly higher prevalence than that of indoors group (p < 0.01). In E. canis, the under 4 year-old-dogs (p < 0.05), 4~7 year-old-dogs (p < 0.05) and over 7 year-old-dogs (p < 0.01) in outdoor group showed significantly higher prevalence than that of indoors group, respectively. In conclusion, this study is the large scale survey of canine D. immitis antigen, A. phagocytophilum, B. burgdorferi, and E. canis antibodies in the Daejeon city and Kangwon province, and it provides an useful reference for clinicians.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.20.1-20.8
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• 2022

Background: Emergent and re-emergent canine tick-borne infections are attracting increasing attention worldwide. The rise in pet ownership and the close relationship between dogs and their owners are the most concerning factors because dogs may act as competent reservoirs for human tick-transmitted infectious agents. Objectives: This study contributes to the epidemiological surveillance of canine tick-transmitted infections with zoonotic risk in the Republic of Korea (ROK) by investigating the seroprevalence of the pathogens, Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia canis. Methods: Four hundred and thirty whole blood samples from domestic dogs were collected in seven metropolitan cities and nine provinces in the ROK and tested using SensPERT Ab test kits (VetAll Laboratories^®) to detect seroreactive animals. Results: The seroprevalence rates identified were 9.8% (42/430) for Anaplasma spp., 2.8% (12/430) for B. burgdorferi, and 1.4% (6/430) for E. canis. The risk factors evaluated in this study that could be associated with the development of a humoral immune response, such as sex, age, and history of tick exposure, were similar. There was only one exception for dogs seroreactive to Anaplasma spp., where the risk factor "tick exposure" was statistically significant (p = 0.047). Conclusions: This serological survey exhibited the widespread presence of Anaplasma spp., B. burgdorferi, and E. canis throughout the ROK. Hence, dogs may play a key role as the sentinel animals of multiple zoonotic infectious agents in the country.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.653-659
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Pathogens were identified using PCR which included Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Theileria. Rickettsia was not detected, whereas Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Theileria infections were detected in 4, 2, and 8 animals, respectively. The most prevalent pathogen was Theileria. Of the 8 Theileria-positive animals, 2 were mixed-infected with 3 pathogens (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Theileria) and another 2 animals showed mixed-infection with 2 pathogens (Anaplasma and Theileria). Sequencing analysis was used to verify the PCR results. The pathogens found in this study were identified as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and Theileria sp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report identifying these 3 pathogens in the Korean water deer. Our results suggest that the Korean water deer may serve as a major reservoir for these tick-borne pathogens, leading to spread of tick-borne diseases to domestic animals, livestock, and humans. Further studies are needed to investigate their roles in this respect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.148-148
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.217-225
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• 2020

This study was conducted to survey pathogens of canine coronavirus (CCV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine parvovirus (CPV), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Dirofilaria (D.) immitis, Giardia and antibodies against Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum, Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi, Brucella (B.) canis and Ehrlichia (E.) canis among stray dogs in Gyeonggi province. We collected 271 feces, 291 bloods, 311 nasal and ocular swab samples from 311 of dogs in the Gyeonggi province assistance dogs sharing center from January to December, 2019. Among canine infectious disease pathogens, Giardia was highly detected in 46/271 (17.0%) samples. Subsequently, CCV 10.3% (28/271), D. immitis 8.2% (24/291), CPV 4.1% (11/271), CDV 1.0% (3/311), A. phagocytophilum (antibody) 0.3% (1/291), E. canis (antibody) 0.3% (1/291) were detected. Based on the results, this study is expected to provide a useful reference for disease control and management of stray dogs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.167-167
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• 2006

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.419-422
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• 2009

We performed the PARR (PCR to detect antigen receptor rearrangements) test on DNA isolated from twelve archival canine cytological slides including nine lymphoma, two reactive lymphocytes and one sample from Ehrlichia canis infected dog. As a result, our PCR control gene, $C{\mu}$, was successfully amplified from all of the DNA samples. Six out of nine lymphoma samples showed a clonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin gene whereas three samples did a clonal rearrangement of T cell receptor gamma ($TCR{\gamma}$) gene. However, we observed no visible or clear bands from PCR conducted using our antigen receptor rearrangement primers on DNA from a reactive lymphoid cell proliferation used as a negative control. False-positive amplification in $TCR{\gamma}$ gene was observed only in one sample from E. canis infection. The use of archival cytological specimens demonstrated in this study offers potential advantages for cost-effective specimen acquisition and efficient high-fidelity DNA analysis.