• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate gifted students' gender difference in ego state and personality, the characteristics of the functional types and the temperable types in personality traits and relations between gifted students' ego state and their personality traits by Ego-gram test based on Borne's personality theory and MMTIC test based on Jung's psychological theory. The subjects of this study were 230 of gifted students of K Gifted Center, The data analyzed by chi-square, t-test, one-way anova in accordance with each research question. The results of this study can be used as the material data for academic and career counseling and for guidance in students' human relationships. The results showed that there were gender differences in the ego state and personality traits in two dimensions. Second, gifted students showed significant difference from Korean standardization in the functional types and the temperable types of personality. These results showed that there were solid relations between the types of ego-gram and personality of gifted students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.858-863
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• 2014

Through this study, we found out whether to measure objectively by using Transactional Analysis(TA) evaluating their own growth and benefit of health through the change of Ego-state, the personality structure and brain waves monitoring electric signals occurring in the brain of the human biological signals. According to the results of brain-wave test, M-type is brain-waves of healthy adults and a, ${\beta}$ were dominantly observed in the occipital while not sleeping. In particular, ${\beta}$ appears widely throughout the brain during nervous or concentrating metal activities and unlike N-type experimenters, ${\beta}$ was found to be dominant in M-type experimenters even in stable condition. N-type is brain waves of healthy adults and a, ${\beta}$ were dominantly observed in the occipital while not sleeping. In particular, unlike nervous or concentrating M-type, there was no noise such as tension and blink while resting. In addition, it turned out that subjects with high levels of A ego do not return quickly to the stable state and show a lot of Blinking and swallowing saliva, noise regardless of the pattern of Egogram. And brain waves of 11 people that the difference in data of OK-gram and Ego-state is the same in all items or less than -5 showed a low amplitude of $20{\mu}V$ in general. In conclusion, this study identified that the theory of personality pattern of Transactional Analysis Theory and brain-wave findings are consistent and also found out that brain waves are also associated according to each Ego-state of Egogram.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.39-51
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• 2002

Pregnancies of unmarried women are one of the most serious sex problems because they can negatively affect the lives and development of both unwed mothers and their extramarital children. The number of unwed adolescent mothers is growing recently, extending the seriousness of the problem. This study was conducted to explore the ego-state, life position and family systems that may cause unmarried pregnancy. The data obtained from the structured questionnaire survey of 79 unmarried adolescent mothers and 82 female adolescents were analyzed in terms of frequency and t-test using the SPSS WIN 8.0 program. The results were as follows: 1. Ego-state elements of unmarried adolescent mothers were distributed evenly in general and this falls under the All B(BBBBB) type of ego-gram, just like the adolescents. As for the subject adolescent mothers, CP was the lowest among the 5 egos. 2. As to the life position, the position of "I′m OK, You′re OK"was the highest for both groups, with slight differences. 3. With regard to the family system types sorted by the combination of family cohesion and family adaptability levels, both the adolescent. mothers and adolescents tended to perceive their families as somewhat-balanced or balanced families. 4. While the two groups of adolescent mothers and adolescents showed, on the whole, the same types for all the indicators like above, statistically significant differences were found in more detailed elements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.117-124
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• 2016

Stress is resistance to stimuli to destroy a balance of mind and body in order to maintain an original steady state : A type of response and avoidance. Mild stress, which happens in tension, has a positive effect to improve concentration, but most of stress is likely to be a main factor to damage health. This is because it causes physical ailments and psychological diseases (e.g., depression, anger, frustration, loneliness, and anxiety). The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference between two groups, daytime and night university students, on ego-state, stressors, and stress coping types to improve their academic achievement by reducing their stress. There were 266 university students, who participated in a survey from November 30, 2015 until September 30, 2016. The study employed three measuring instruments : Ego-gram, stressor scale, and stress coping type scale. All the collected data were analyzed through regression analysis and t-test. The results of the regression analysis showed no significant differences in ego-state, stressors, and stress coping types between two groups. However, the results of t-test showed significant difference between the two groups : In terms of ego-state, a CP (Critical Parent) average of the night university students was significantly higher than the daytime university students'. Also, there is a significant difference in employment, future issues, and economic issues : the daytime university students considered employment and future issues more serious, while the night university students had more mental burdens of economic issues. When it comes to coping stress types, there was no significant difference between the two groups.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.608-618
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the type of ego states and stress coping style on female college students who are in the course of nursing study. This study is performed in the view of Transactional Analysis and designed to scrutinize descriptive correlations between the type of ego states and stress coping style. The subject is consists of 144 freshmen and sophomore, 138 junior and senior students group, who are students of K nursing college located in Seoul. The sampling investigation period is on Sept. 14, 2002 to Oct. 26, 2002. The measuring instrument used for Transactional Analysis ego state is 50 items Ego-gram research paper devised by Dusay(1997). For studying coping style, Folkman & Lazarus's measurement(1984) was adopted, which is translated and modified by Han, and Oh,(1990). Statistic average and standard deviation were generated by using SPSS PC+, t-test and Pearson correlation. The results were as follows: 1) In the type of ego states on both groups(lower group : freshmen, sophomore upper group : junior, senior) indicated the arithmetic apex NP(maximum value), then the point A was high and the data made a down slope to point AC. In the comparison to type of ego states between two groups, only at point CP, the data value of upper year students represented higher than that of lower year ones by C(t=2.28, p=.023). In the psychological energy level of ego states, both groups indicated average level.2) Stress coping style of whole students were highly and affirmatively dedicated to research. Consecutive consequences follow like this(high to low) : the central point of problem, search for social support, hopeful aspect and indifference. Especially hopeful aspect(t=.67, p=.05), relaxation of tension(t=-2.16, p=.03) made significant difference each other in the view of arithmetic calculation 3) While verifying coping style in terms of ego states level between lower and upper students group, In type CP, high level ego states group indicated significant difference on stress coping style area than low leveled group and made such sequences as the central point of problem, hopeful aspect, search for social support, positive interest and relaxation of tension. In type NP, sequences such as the central point of problem, search for social support, positive interest and relaxation of tension were emerged with little differences. In type A, the central point of problem, positive interest and relaxation of tension. In type FC, hopeful aspect, search for social support, positive interest and relaxation of tension. In type AC, hopeful aspect and indifference were derived significantly different(p<.05). 4) In the aspect of relation between ego states and coping style, type CP presented the central point of problem and relaxation of tension, type NP presented positive interest, search for social support and the central point of problem, type A showed the central point of problem, positive interest and relaxation of tension, type FC showed relaxation of tension, positive interest, search for social support, indifference and the central point of problem, type AC showed hopeful aspect, indifference and the central point of problem. All the sequence shown above had high-to-low procedure and represented static relations each other(p<.05).

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find and compare the differences in stress level, stressor, and coping style of high school students according to their personality traits. And to identify the personality traits contributing to stress reduction. The results of the study can be used as basic data for reducing the stress of adolescents to improve their academic achievement and maintain mental and physical stability. The questionnaire survey was conducted for 10 days from June 7 to June 16, 2017 for S high school students in Chungbuk Province. The study employed four measuring instruments as Ego-gram, Ok-gram, stressor scale, and stress coping type scale. Individual personality traits were classified into ego-states and ok-states in TA (Transactional Analysis). Stressors are classified into 5 categories (school life, home life, human relationship, myself, environment) and stress coping styles are classified into 4 categories (problem-focused coping, social-support coping, feeling-focused coping, hope-thinking coping) used in the previous studies. The collected data were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. As a result, the stress level of high school students showed significant differences according to sex, year, grade, sleeping time, personality traits, and coping styles. Personality traits that contributed to the stress increase were NP, AC, 'you positive', 'i negative' and personality trait that contributes to stress reduction is 'you negative.' Therefore, we can judge that individual personality traits have significant effects on stress level, stressor, and coping style and need to find the effective stress management method suitable for individual personality traits using counseling, repetition training, self-suggestion etc.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.68-81
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the type of ego states and stress coping style on female college students who are in the course of nursing study. This study is performed in the view of Transactional Analysis and designed to scrutinize descriptive correlations between the type of ego states and stress coping style. The subject is consists of 144 freshmen and sophomore, 138 junior and senior students group, who are students of K nursing college located in Seoul. The sampling investigation period is on Sept. 14, 2002 to Oct. 26, 2002. The measuring instrument used for Transactional Analysis ego state is 50 items Ego-gram research paper devised by Dusay(1997). For studying coping style, Folkman & Lazarus's measurement(1984) was adopted, which is translated and modified by Han, and Oh,(1990). Health states is adopted by standardized health inspecting instrumental table (Cornell Medical Index:CMI) which is designed for Korean people by Ko and Park(1980) Statistic average and standard deviation were generated by using SPSS PC+, t=test and Pearson correlation. The results were as follows: 1) In the type of ego states on both groups indicated the arithmetic apex NP(maximum value), then the point A was high and the data made a down slope to point AC. In the comparison to type of ego states between two groups, only at point CP, the data value of upper year students represented higher than that of lower year ones by c(t=2.28, p=.023). 2) Stress coping style of whole students were highly and affirmatively dedicated to research. Especially hopeful aspect(t=.67, p=.05), relaxation of tension(t=-2.16, p=.03) made significant difference each other in the view of arithmetic calculation. 3) In view of nursing students' physical health states, there is significant difference in past history(t=2.50, p=.013) and in case of mental health states, there are considerable discrepancies between lower group(73.52) and upper group(75.11)(p<.05). In view of all field, state of tension(t=2.13, p=.048) has difference. 4) While verifying coping style in terms of ego states level between lower and upper students group, In type CP, high level ego states group indicated significant difference on stress coping style area than low leveled group and made such sequences as the central point of problem, In type NP, sequences such as the central point of problem, In type A, the central point of problem, In type FC, hopeful aspect and In type AC, hopeful aspect and indifference were derived significantly different (p<.05). 5) While verifying health state differences in the level of lower and upper ego states, In type FC, low level group(150.29) marked higher point than upper group(145.19), there is remarkable discrepancy and so did whole health state(p=.014), In type AC both mental state(p=.000) and whole health state (p=.015) showed differences. 6) When analyzing correlations between whole students' ego states, copying style and health state, all type of ego state showed differences(p<.001). In correlations between ego state and health state, in type FC physical state had an apex and there are inverse correlations among the other types. Especially, type FC showed inverse correlations with great discrepancies(p<.05). In mental state, type NP(${\gamma}=.198$, p<.001) and type A(${\gamma}=.166$, p<.05) represented straight correlations with remarkable differences. Especially, In type AC showed inverse correlations(${\gamma}=.282$, p<.001). In case of correlations between copying style and health state, indifference(${\gamma}=-.157$) and relaxation of tension(${\gamma}=-.158$) presented great difference(p<.05). In mental state, central point of problem and search for social support showed straight correlations with great discrepancies(p<.05), hopeful aspect and indifference showed inverse correlations with considerable differences(p<.001).