• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a time management program on self-efficacy and drinking-habit of college student with problematic drinking. Methods : Thirty subjects with problematic drinking were randomly assigned to either a experimental group or control group. The intervention applied to the experimental group was a time manage program which was consisted of two times of sessions per week and provided for five weeks. There was no specific intervention applied to the control group. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Korean (AUDIT-K) was used to measure problematic drinking behaviors and Self-Efficacy Test was used to evaluate self-efficacy of the subjects. Results : Experimental group showed a significant improvement in AUDIT-K after intervention between groups. In change scores within group, experimental group showed a significant improvement in both AUDIT-K and Self-Efficacy Test, and control group showed a significant improvement in AUDIT-K only. Conclusion : The result of this study showed that time management program is an effective method for college student with problematic drinking.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 1986

In order to control the formaldehyde release from D.P. finished fabric, cotton fabric was padded in DMDHEU resin bath containing either $Zn(NO_3)_2$ or $MgCl_2$ catalyst and a form-aldehyde scavenger like Glycerol, Sorbitol, Formamide, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, n= 2000) or diols, then dried and cured. The results are as follows : 1. When Lewis acid catalyst like $Zn(NO_3)_2$ or $MgCl_2$ was added in pad bath, the fabric finished with $Zn(NO_3)_2$ catalyst released the lower formaldehyde than with $MgCl_2$. 2. When the effect of pad bath pH was examined with varying the kinds of catalyst and the scavenger, it was found that the pad bath pH influenced on the amount of formaldehyde release and the optimum pad bath pH is at 4.3. Especially, in case of finishing at pad bath pH 4.3 with adding Formamide, the amount of formaldehyde release was decreased by about $45\~$35\%$ with $Zn(NO_3)_2$, while by about $20\~$45\%$ with $MgCl_2$ catalyst. In case of varying the concentration of a scavenger (Formamide), $1\%$ concentration of a scavenger was found to be the optimum level ana the higher the curing temperature up to $180^{\circ}C$, the lesser the amount of formaldehyde release were observed. 3. When the diol was used as scavenger, the amount of formaldehyde release was decreased by about $40\~$50\%$, but the longer the intramolecular length between OH groups, the lessor the amount of decrease of formaldehyde release were observed. 4. When the mixture of scavengers (Formamide and Glycerol) was added in the pad bath, .synergistic effect on formaldehyde release between the two scavengers wasn't observed. 5. The tensile strength of the resin finished fabric was reduced with increasing the pad lath pH and was influenced by the kind of scavengers, and the tensile strength was severely reduced when scavengers, especially Formamide, was added. The wrinkle recovery property is generally improved by resin finish on cotton fabric. When Formamide was added, the wrinkle recovery property is slightly decreased compared with that of the fabrics resin finished without a scavenger, and when polyol was added, the wrinkle recovery property showed almost no change.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.217-225
• /
• 1999

These studies were designed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic gel system (lower alkanol concentration: 40-60%) compared to general hydrogel system (lower alkanol concentration: 10-35%) on transdermal delivery of piroxicam and its anti-inflammatory activity. Piroxicam was incorporated into a hydroalcoholic gel and a hydrogel containing polymers, solvents, and cosolvents. The pH of gel was about 6.3-7.3 and the solvent mixtures were composed of water and various concentrations of ethanol (35, 40, 50, and 60%). For the in vitro study, the skin permeation of piroxicam from the gel formulations was investigated using Franz modified diffusion cells fitted with hairless mouse skin. For the in vivo study, the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic gel was compared to other commercial products (piroxicam hydrogel and ketoprofen hydrogel) in rat and human. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined using carrageenan induced foot edema model in rat. For the clinical study, it was evaluated from determining efficacy and acceptability with 98 patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain. A novel piroxicam hydroalcoholic gel was successfully formulated in the range of 40-50% of ethanol as solvent, more than 10% of propylene glycol, 5% of $Transcutol^{\circledR}$ and 1 % of benzyl alcohol. The skin permeation of piroxicam using hydroalcoholic gel system was greater than that of general hydrogel system $(flux\;:\;139.1-148.2\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr\;vs.43.0-84.5 {\mu}g/cm^2/hr)$ in vitro. In carrageenan-induced edema model, the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic gel was better than that of piroxicam hydrogel for edema inhibition (75.1 % vs. 62.9%, p

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.11
• /
• pp.1095-1101
• /
• 2008

Nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) are the continuous source for soil and groundwater contamination. The first objective of the study was to verify the effect of co-injection of cosolvent and air on NAPL removal from soil-column system. The second objective of the study was to investigate the effect of alcohol-partitioning property on the NAPL removal by the co-injection process of cosolvent and air. Enhanced removal of benzene-NAPL by the co-injection process of ethanol and air was also verified within the soilcolumn system. However, the co-injection process of Tert-butanol (TBA) and air showed no enhancement of benzene-NAPL removal. This study found that the viscous pressure of TBA was so higher than the capillary pressure and TBA easily displaced the benzene-NAPL and air present in soil pores. Air of the coinjection process did not work for NAPL removal but hindered NAPL mobilization. NAPL partitioning property and viscous pressure of cosovlent should be considered for application of the co-injection process of cosolvent and air.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.274-279
• /
• 2007

The toxicitiy of organic sludge such as municipal sewage sludge (MSS), industrial sewage sludge (ISS), alcohol fermentation processing sludge (AFPS) and leather processing sludge (LPS) were evaluated with three environmental biomarkers as acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome P450, and heat shock protein 70 extracted from earthworm (Eisenia fetida). Their toxicities were compared with those of pig manure compost (PMC). MSS, ISS, LPS, and AFPS did not significantly affect the acetylcolinesterase activity, whereas only the elutriate of PMC slightly was increased the activity. MSS, AFPS, and PMC tended to slightly inhibit the cytochrome $P_{450}$ activity, but ISS and LPS showed significantly the inhibitory effect on cytochrome $P_{450}$. The hsp70 expression began to increase after treatments and showed high induction at 6 hour, followed by zero level at around 12 hour. The quantity of the hsp70 expressed by elutriate treatments of PMC, AFPS, MSS, ISS, and LPS was 1.9, 3.0, 3.3, 4.4, and 4.7 fold higher than that of distilled water. These results indicate that in toxicity tests of five organic waste materials, four kinds of sludge materials appeared more toxic than PMC. Results of AChE, P450, and hsp70 of earthworm might be useful for expecting or assessing an effect by exposure of organic wastes to earthworms in soil.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.846-853
• /
• 2013

We investigated the effect of the cell-wall-degrading enzyme and its skin contact time on the brewing characteristics of Cheongsoo grape. The easy of juice extraction was excellent at the cell-wall-degrading enzyme and skin contact treatments, and the aroma was best after five days of skin contact treatment. Furthermore, the juice yields of the Chengsoo grape were more dramatically increased by the cell-wall-degrading enzyme and skin contact treatments than by the control. The data on the pH, total acidity, and soluble solids did not significantly differ among the treatments, and the pH range from 3.1 to 3.4; the total acidity from 0.5% to 0.6% (as tartaric acid); and the soluble solids, from 6.7 to 7.1 $^{\circ}Brix$. The alcohol content of cell-wall-degrading enzyme treatment was highest with 13.3%. The total polyphenol was gradually increased with the longer skin contact time, and was highest after 10 days of skin contact treatment, at 306.4 mg/L. The main organic acids detected in the Cheongsoo wine were malic and tartaric acid, and citric, succinic and lactic acid were also detected. Our results show that the cell-wall-degrading enzyme and skin contact treatments were better in terms of the easy of juice extraction and significantly increased the juice yield and the volatile compound of the Cheongsoo wine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.1416-1422
• /
• 2008

In order to examine anti-inflammatory effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) alcohol extract on rheumatoid arthritis, the present study investigated the viability and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in Raw264.7 cells treated with AR and collagen induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice which were orally administered with AR prior to immunization. The results are as follows: AR extract at 20 and 50${\mu}g$/ml inhibited the viability of Raw264.7 by 35% and 79%, respectively. AR showed a significant decrease in TNF-${\alpha}$ levels from Raw264.7 cells treated with LPS. AR administration significantly decreased arthritic index in DBA/1J mice immunized with bovine collagen type II. AR administration significantly decreased spleen weights obtained from mice in 6 weeks after immunization. AR administration significantly decreased serum anti-type II collagen antibody levels compared with control group. AR administration decreased serum IL-6 levels compared with control group but it did not reach statistical significance.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.1-32
• /
• 2000

It has long been known that SOAT is effective for sudden palpitation occurring unexpectedly in Oriental Medicine. However, effect of SOAT on the isolated heart has not been studied yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SOAT on hemodynamics and ECG of isolated rat hearts induced by electrical stimulation using Langendorff perfusion apparatus for nonworking heart. SOAT extract was manufactured by water-alcohol precipitated method. Sprague-Dawley rats weighting $120{\sim}150g$ were used for the experiments, Subject animals were divided into four groups, which are consisted of 1) control(Group orally administered by normal saline 1ml for 14days), 2) sample A(Group orally administered by SOAT extract 1ml for 14days), 3) sample C(Group injected by SOAT extract 0.5ml after stimulation, 4) sample C(Group injected by SOAT extract 1ml after stimulation. To evluate the effects of SOAT on hemodynamics and ECG of isolated rat heart induced by stimulation, heart rate, left ventricular pressure, systolic power, diastolic power, coronary artery perfusion volume and ECG were measured using Langendorff apparatus in both stimulation mode(5 volts, 450 beats/min) and arrythmic mode(5 volts, 420 beats/min including 60 beats/min) The results obtained are as follows : 1. After receiving stressful electrical stimuli, isolated heart showed the heart rate, left ventricular pressure, systolic power, diastolic power, coronary artery perfusion volume were all decreased temporarily, but perfusion continued longer recovery to the control state appeared. However, the coronary artery perfusion volume diminished continuously. 2. The heart rates did not change significantly with both stimulation mode and arrhythmic mode, among experimental groups. 3. The left ventricular pressure showed with both stimulation mode and arrhythmic mode, the significant changes(p<0.05) especially in the injection sample group. In case of stimulation mode, low concentration injection group(0.5ml) was more significantly increased rather than high concentration group(1ml) and in case of arrhythmic mode, high density group(1ml) was so increased than the other(0.5ml). 4. For the systolic power and diastolic power, no significant changes were noticed in the stimulation mode, but in the arrhythmic mode of injection sample groups, significant change(p<0.05) was noticed in both systolic power and diastolic power. Specially the high concentration group(1ml) showed more significant increase than the low concentration group. 5. For the coronary artery perfusion volume, no significant change difference among sample groups was observed in both the stimulation mode and the arrhythmic mode. 6. For the ECG recordings, arrhythmia was induced by electrical stimulus of arrythmia mode and after the stimulus was removed, irregular wave appeared temporarily, but as perpusion continued, recovery to the control state was abtained like the stimulation mode. According to the above results, SOAT significantly changed the hemodynamic data from the electrically stressed, isolated hearts of connected Langendorff perfusion apparatus and we propose SOAT has the direct effects on the muscular function of heart.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.224-229
• /
• 2005

Cirsii Japonici Herba (CJH) extract has been used for hundreds of years in Asian countries as a treatment for pollutant, radiation, and alcohol-induced liver damage. The reducing effect of CJH on hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the main cause of cell damage or death, was evaluated using the HepG2 cell line. Cell survival was determined using MTS assay. The viability of cells treated with CJH was not significantly different from oxidative-stressed HepG2 cells. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect by CJH on ROS production was shown in oxidative-stressed cells using the $H_{2}DCFDA$ assay. To identify candidate genes responsible for the anti-oxidative effects of CJH on HepG2 cells, an oligonucleotide microarray analysis was performed. The expressions of five genes were decreased, whereas nineteen genes were up-regulated in CJH plus hydrogen peroxide treated cells, compared to only hydrogen peroxide treated cells. Among them, the expression of 5 genes was decreased in hydrogen peroxide treatment when compared to control. These genes are known to regulate cell survival and progression. On the other hand, it was shown that its main compounds were not a sylimarin or its analogs. The list of differentially expressed genes may provide further insight on the action and mechanism behind the anti-oxidative effects of Cirsii Japonici Herba.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.296-305
• /
• 1998

A study was performed to evaluate an effect of toluene or ethanol pretreatment on the toluene metabolism. A slight liver damage in rats was induced by administration of 0.2 ml of toluene or 0.2 ml of 50% ethanol per 100 g of body weight intraperitoneally every other day for four weeks except the last day before sacrifice. One day before sacrifice, toluene was administered to rats pretreated ethanol or toluene and the control. Rats were sacrificed at the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th week after the first administration of xenobiotics mentioned above. Based on the histopathological findings, liver weight per body weight, serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic glutathione content, toluene- or ethanol-pretreated groups showed the reversible liver injury. By the treatment of one dose of toluene, the contents of hippuric acid in urine was higher in the group pretreated with toluene or ethanol than control. The contents of cytochrome P-450, benzylalcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were generally more increased in toluene- or ethanol-pretreated rats than control. $K_m$ values of the benzylalcohol dehydrogenase in pooled liver samples from toluene- and ethanol-pretreated groups were similar each other. $V_{max}$ values of toluene- or ethanol-pretreated group was higher than control. In conclusion, the toluene metabolism is accelerated in rats pretreated with toluene or ethanol.