• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the sought to identify the pain management knowledge and attitude of nurses in internal medicine and surgery stream wards and intensive care units to obtain basic information needed for improved pain control. Method: Data was collected through self-reported questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS Win 12.0. Results: Pain management knowledge score averaged 51.1 out of 100, with significant differences evident depending on age, marital status, educational level, position, total work career, working department and cancer care-giving experience. Pain management attitude score averaged 2.9 out of 4, and significant differences were evident depending on age, marital status, educational level, position, total work career, working department, cancer care-giving experience, education experience and number of patients treated. Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to develop effective nursing knowledge and attitude education programs and evaluation such as discussion by cases, workshops, system of expert help for uncontrollable pain or a multi-disciplinary pain management task force. In addition, patient satisfaction level with pain management should be assessed and the responses reflected practically.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.259-272
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• 2020

This study aims at investigating the effects of collective promotion on the attainment of literacy, numeracy, and essential life skills by primary school pupils and also to find out if the policy of collective promotion meets its objective of minimization of wastage in basic education. The study used written tests for pupils in the final class (Level II, class 6) to collect data in some selected English-speaking primary schools in Meme Division of Cameroon. Descriptive statistics and a one way ANOVA were used for analyzing data. The results revealed that the policy of collective promotion negatively affects the attainment of literacy, numeracy, and essential life skills of pupils in Kumba, Meme Division. Teachers who assisted in the study through personal communication with the researcher argued that collective promotion in basic education does not achieve its objective of minimizing wastage of educational resources; neither does it positively improve the literacy, numeracy, and essential life skills of pupils. This study recommends that the policy of collective promotion can be revisited and that focus be placed not only on minimizing wastage of resources but also on investing on quality education system so as to equip the would-be leaders of tomorrow with skills, knowledge, and attitudes which will make them functional and responsible citizens in their society.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

This study examined the various functions of public libraries, as well as user satisfaction and needs. We targeted 6 public libraries in the Seoul and Gyunggi area. After 280 library users were surveyed, the collected data were analyzed with an SPSS for Win 14.0 statistics program, where we used frequency, percentage, mean, T-test, One-way ANOVA, and Duncan's test. The major findings were as follows: 1) Half of the users used educational functional space, mainly in the 10-20 age group, who used it for educational purposes as a student or to prepare for getting a job. 2) There were gaps between the furniture arrangement and user preference since most libraries used a rigid system while users preferred a more flexible arrangement. 3) Space by space, public library satisfaction levels differed according to the users' gender and age. Satisfaction of the digital information room scored high, especially for users in their forties. Since public library users are diverse and require various functions, library interiors should be planned accordingly in terms of furniture arrangement and interior design. In particular, there was a gap between satisfaction by age groups, so libraries must account for community needs by considering the age group demographics of their surrounding areas.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to suggest the improving plans about the system as searching an effective managing devices for NEIS with analysis of managing condition. For the plans, questionnaire was performed in the five sections to primary and secondary school teachers. Those were recognition about C/S, Introduction and conductive processing of NEIS, Satisfaction of specific task on school affairs and educational matters, its function, efficiency and security as well as technical problem. Those were recognition about C/S, Introduction and conductive processing of NEIS, Satisfaction of specific task on school affairs and educational matters, its function, efficiency and security as well as technical problem. The results are following: First. in spite of satisfaction with function of C/S, it have been some problems such as frequent patch and down of server. Secondly, although the introduction of NEIS was done in hurry without gathering teachers' opinions and sufficient research of system, it has been expected to settle down normally with correction and security. Thirdly, positive reaction was generally showed in research on satisfaction of specific task for school affairs and educational matters. Fourthly, most of teachers have known the functions of NEIS and recognized its convenience. Although they has not thought it reduced their work, they have realized it's convenient for dealing with statistics. Lastly, they think of NEIS as the essential system for the age of information, in spite of problems such as reveal of personal data and security. Therefore, we should keep eyes to problem of an invasion of human right. In addition, study deep into NEIS should be conducted with consistent security for the system. In order to it. technical and legal system should be carried out side by side.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.127-152
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• 2014

Supplemental Educational Services (SES) are government initiated tutoring services to strengthen basic skills of academically underachieving students and thus close achievement gaps among students. Recently, however, the direction of SES has shifted its gear away from the test-driven accountability system in the United States (US) and Korea. Based on related literature, official documents, and statistics data, this study investigates major aspects of SES in the US and Korea, suggesting implications for future SES in the two countries. Major findings illustrate; 1) SES both in the US and Korea aim to serve students with underachievement yet place a primary emphasis on academics, 2) the US and Korea show contrasting results of SES in students' academic achievement, 3) the US and Korea use different approaches in selecting SES participants, which is closely related to equality in educational opportunities, 4) the major difference between the US and Korea is the openness of real markets for SES. Based on these findings, this study proposes practical implications for future SES in Korea and the US.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to reveal association between internal marketing and customer orientation. Internal marketing was composed of empowerment, educational training, reward system, internal communication and management support. We thought these factors affect to the consumer orientation. For this study, 191 dental hygienists in Busan, Ulsan and Kyungnam are participated in this study. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS 18.0 program. In conclusion, we obtained the next results. First, the mean of internal marketing behavior was 3.22 out of 5. In terms of sub-domain, educational training (3.88) is the highest, followed by empowerment (3.35), internal communication (3.10), management support (3.05) and reward system (2.79). Second, the internal marketing factors of internal communication, reward system orientation, management support, empowerment, and educational training had positive correlations with customer orientation (r=0.189~0.381). Third, the influencing factor in customer orientation were educational training (${\beta}=0.277$) and empowerment (${\beta}=0.276$), adjusted $R^2=0.202$. As dental patients' desire to medical service quality becomes diversified, the analysis result is considered to help the future dental service management.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.377-388
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the operation and development direction in KPNFA. Method: The participants of this study consisted of physical therapists who had a KPNFA membership. The satisfaction levels for each item (KPNFA impression, educational programs, and clinical application) were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The survey was performed during June and July 2018. The total questionnaire was comprised of 648 samples. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation analysis were used to compare the general characteristics and all items. Results: In the questionnaire, the impression of KPNFA was 69.21, the instructor specialization in the educational programs was 74.22, and helpful interventions for clinical application scored 74.96. KPNFA's image is competitive; friendly items scored the highest, and operation suitability and communication scored the lowest. The most important factor of the educational program was the quality of the instructors. The most helpful item was the education intervention program. The nervous system was applied to the patient with the highest response. The age of subjects showed a significant positive correlation with KPNFA impression, KPNFA branch impression, and branch problem solving. The work duration of subjects showed a significant negative correlation with instructor specialization. A regular member duration of subjects showed a negative correlation with teaching method, instructor specialization. Conclusions: The KPNFA survey was performed for the first time. In the future, this data will be utilized as the basis for KPNFA policy.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.193-203
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate current circumstances of violence against wives, and to identify the wife's opinion of the spouse's punishment in domestic violence cases. Method: The subjects were 216 married women in G province. Data was gathered from November 22 to December 6, 2004. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, and the $x^2$-test using SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: About thirty six percent of the subjects had experience with domestic violence. There was a high prevalence of psychological aggression(68%), sexual coercion (36%), physical assault(31%), and injury(19%). The subjects experiencing domestic violence had a higher positive attitude towards the spouse's punishment than subjects not experiencing domestic violence. The more severe the domestic violence was, the more the battered women's positive attitude for criminal action increased. Conclusion: An educational program and public relations will increase women's empowerment to solve domestic violence. A more cooperative and integrative program for prevention and an intervention system against domestic violence should be developed for women in battered situations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.371-384
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• 2010

This research investigates the historical changes of the educational system for the clothing departments at vocational high schools. According to the growth of the fashion industry, employment potential in the clothing departments of the vocational high schools, numerical changes in the educational statistics, and curriculums were investigated by papers, reports, and statistic data. The statistic data were derived from the 'Center Educational Statistics and Information', 'School Information' (Hak-gyo Alimi), 'Korean Statistical Information Services' and internet home pages of vocational high schools. Technical service workers that graduate from clothing departments and vocational high schools have limited competitiveness in a thriving fashion industry field. Highly developed fashion industries require more professional workers in fashion design, fashion marketing, and fashion materials. Compared to 1994, when 35 classes were conducted in 5 vocational high schools, 69 classes are now conducted at 15 schools. They have over 2,000 students and produce over 600 graduates. However, 222 credits of the $1^{st}$ curriculum in 1958 went down to 82 credits in the 2007 revised curriculum to complete the credits of clothing departments. The 15 courses of the 1st curriculum fell to 5 courses in the 2007 revised curriculum on the number of major subjects. It is a fundamental problem that major courses in clothing education have been excessively reduced despite the demand for of highly specialized workers in the fashion industry. In the view of operating conditions of those schools, there were several problems such as the wide gaps in the curriculum, limited equipment, the supply of teachers, and counseling on the choice of college or a career. In conclusion, the following measures are required: 1) the increase of complement credits in major subjects and renovation of curriculum, 2) national substantial support to change the social circumstance concerning vocational education and occupational consciousness, 3) operation of credit approving systems in universities and colleges for students that have completed the same courses at vocational high schools, 4) designing realistic programs for vocational education and cooperation systems with corporate enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

Although the term 'family business' is relatively new, this style of business is universal. An Unusual feature that must be noted, is that even though it is a common style of business is not clearly defined. The purpose of this study is to identify the different family participation patterns, and the variables that effect different types of participation. '1997 Daewoo Panel Data' was used. Some descriptive statistics and a multinomial logit model were employed for the analysis. The standard type of business focused on in this study was a family owned and operated 'ma and pa' typed business and the sample was limited to households where one or both of the partners involved in a family owned and operated business. The main resets obtained from this sample were as follows: 1. Personal characteristics such as respondents' gender, age and educational level were important variables that effected the participation of family members in the business. As can be seen in the gender analysis, family businesses owned by men showed all available patterns of family operated businesses in relatively high numbers. A large percentage of businesses owned women were of self-employed pattern. According to the analysis by age and educational level, young people with a high level of education tend to managed their small businesses by employing others rather than utilising the self-employed or family operated pattern. 2. While big families showed a high percentage of a combination pattern of a family-run, and ordinary employer/employee company, relatively small families usually opted for purely family-run businesses. Whether the family have children under 6 or not, and the number of children under 6 did net significantly effect to the patterns of the family system of small family businesses. 3. The size, location and kind of family business also effected participation patterns of the family members significantly. These results suggest that further study will be required to gain more exact and meaningful information to help Korean family businesses.