• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.288-298
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• 2001

This article makes an attempt to evaluate the extent of developing community health nursing knowledge and to suggest the direction of developing a body of knowledge henceforth through the results of analysis for contents and outcomes of all literatures. which have been published in the Journal related to community health nursing. Refer to the following for the result of this article. 1. The total number of literatures analyzed amounted to 100 pieces in Journal of community health nursing society. 78 in Journal of industrial nursing society, 134 in Journal of school health society. 40 in Journal of home care nursing society. 2. Journal of community health nursing society Health needs and educational-behavioral diagnoses, which are more concrete nursing assessments and diagnoses. formed the main current(54%) of articles published in Journal of community health nursing society since 1992. There was a quantitative growth as well as a qualitative advance. Through a classification by the type of a body of knowledge. It was found that the knowledge providing nursing practice with bases, commanded an overwhelming majority(71.8%). Also, Researches on systemic supports for nursing practice are showing a tendency to increase. 3. Journal of industrial nursing society 52.6% of research papers presented in Journal of industrial nursing society dealt with health problem of workers. assessment of risk factors, diagnosis of health behaviors. Because of the beginning of an industrial nursing, the domain of nursing management to establish the role and task, work condition, training. documentary system made up 23 percent of research, subjects. A knowledge providing nursing practice with bases have a majority, 69.2%. In addition. the subject concerning a systemic support and quality assurance was scarce but continuously presented. 4. Journal of school health society The major point of this journal is the identification of health problems and risk factors which belong to assessment and diagnosis domain(56.8%) regardless of year, Because of the interdisciplinary characteristic. The knowledge on quality assurance of nursing practice is relatively rare. But, articles related to a systemic support is plentiful. 5. Journal of home care nursing society In its infancy, there was a large number of papers concerning need assessment and diagnosis, Comparing others, this journal has introduced a good many of articles related to program management. delivery system. service fee, etc that belong to domain of systemic support for nursing practice. 6. It is showing definitely that quantity and extent of research have grown for a short period. See the analysis in terms of nursing process, studies related to the domain of assessment and diagnosis command an absolute majority regardless of kinds of journal. Although articles referring to program management and implementation is increasing in number, it is scarce to evaluate a nursing program and grope for an improvement. Also, program development based on a theoretical framework is little. Therefore much more scientific effort to ensure profession should be executed. 7. In the methodological aspect, longitudinal study needs to be carried out so that we could show the evidence based nursing theory. To develop a more general theory, we have to conduct a study of various subjects and improve a validity of tools through a repeat test. In addition, the effort for interdisciplinary cooperation is needed.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.111-129
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• 2015

This study tried to investigate the possibility and expectation effect to organize and operate NCS(national competency standards)-based vocational education curriculum in technical specialized high schools and meister high schools and the perceptions of specialty subject teachers about support plans for effective operation of the NCS-based curriculum. For this, the survey was conducted targeting 286 specialty subject teachers in technical specialized high schools and meister high schools. And the results are as follow: First, the specialty subject teachers in the technical specialized high schools and meister high schools recognized that the positive expectation effect can be obtained through the NCS-based vocational education curriculum and the NCS-based vocational education curriculum should very much be applied to the school curriculum but it is impractical to organize and operate the NCS-based vocational education curriculum as the school curriculum from 2016. Second, the specialty subject teachers in the technical specialized high schools and meister high schools recognized that industrial education needs can be analyzed, industry duties-based educational objectives and contents can be set up, industrial duties-based education can be done, the capability to develop and operate teachers' curriculum can be improved, and the NCS-based curriculum will be effective for industrial and academic cooperation and connection with communities by applying it but the realistic possibility will relatively be low. Third, the specialty subject teachers in the technical specialized high schools and meister high schools recognized that tools for practice should be reorganized and expanded, the number of students targeting practical classes should be reduced by 15 to 20 persons, teachers' field education capability should be strengthened, supply and demand of teachers should be supported, industrial and academic cooperation-based field-centered education should be reinforced, and support of the NCS-based teaching materials to be textbooks should be required in terms of operating schools to operate the NCS-based vocational curriculum effectively. Support of finding jobs and field education which correspond with the NCS-based vocational curriculum should be provided, field instruction by ability of the national competency standards should be supported, field practice education projects about the NCS-based vocational curriculum should be provided and introduction and operation of the industrial employee performance evaluation system should be required in terms of the support plans of relevant organizations.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.189-208
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to investigate the critical issues and practical strategies that Korean technology teachers perceived. To accomplish the purpose of this study, a qualitative study was conducted to identify critical issues and practical strategies of Korean technology education targeted on Korean technology teachers. A purposeful sampling for choosing technology teachers was used for this study with three selection conditions: 1) 'Excellent Korean technology teacher' award winning teachers, or 2) technology teachers actively involved in both on-line and off-line teachers' association, and 3) leaders in local technology teachers' association. This study conducted exploratory in-depth interviews with selective 15 technology teachers regarding critical issues and practical strategies of Korean technology teachers. The interpretation of the interview content was conducted by two researchers using the thematic analysis which analyzed the frequency of concepts, words, and meanings held from collected data. In the conclusion, critical issues researchers identified were 1) curriculum problems, 2) education environment and facilities problems, 3) teachers' problems, 4) students' problems, 5) related research institution and college problems, 6) social problems. Secondly, Korean technology teachers agreed with following practical strategies 1) separating technology education from home economic education, 2) sharing practices on managing and improving educational environment and laboratory for technology education, 3) actively involving in technology teachers' group, 4) motivating students using hands-on activity 5) improving the quality and the quantity on technology teachers preparatory institution, 6) advertising the values of technology education to the public. Lastly, the positive factors to succeed technology education were 1) technology education satisfying social needs and 2) technology teachers' will or passion toward improving their technology classrooms. The negative factors to hinder technology education were 1) low self-respect of Korean technology teachers and 2) rejection or retarded acceptance toward social transition. Several recommendations based the conclusion were suggested as 1) implementing supplementary study toward selected critical issues and 2) conducting exemplary case studies regarding concrete practical strategies for improving challenges of Korean technology education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2015

This study is suggested to enlarge the green area and to connect and improve the present green areas by deriving the lines of community greenway using living areas and community spaces close to the life of residence in Nam-gu. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the method of establishing greenway for the formation of community in which the residence can grow the community spirit and love their living space much more. Land-use status, green coverage ratio, and impermeability paving ratio are investigated. The community facilities are classified. The highest is educational facility, which is 7.7%, the green facility is 1.9% and the total area of community facilities which is 21.4%. The total area of Nam-gu is divided into 31 zones in total according to the administrative districts, the mail roads and reserved land of railroad and urban development. The total 20 lines of community greenway lines are chosen and the total length of lines is 18.2km. Finally, the characteristics of community greenway lines are analysed, the characteristics of community greenway lines are overall estimated according to the land-use, the street environment and the community facility. The classification system of community greenway is established on the basis on the function and purpose of greenway, the present status of land-use and the type of community facility. Based on the field investigation, the 6 greenway types are suggested considering the interconnection. The method of establishment of community greenway is suggested according to the principle of function and purpose, the principle of land-use and the principle of use of the facilities. Furthermore, the planting methods suitable to each greenway type are suggested in the building planting case of wall planting, roof planting, veranda planting, etc., and in the complex planting of parks, schools, roads, parking lots and other small areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

The outdoor space of an elementary school is the most familiar and most educational area for children. A paradigm shift in education has demanded a new role and direction for these outdoor spaces. The construction of children-friendly spaces, however, lags behind. The child-participatory design process is very meaningful at a time when many outdoor spaces have difficulties in reflecting the varied and specific demands of children. This study realized the necessity for a design that includes a child-participatory design process in construction the outdoor spaces of elementary schools. Through reference study and a theoretical approach of related laws, this study established a child-participatory design process model and applied it to Seoul Don-Am Elementary School. The design process included playing games and providing interesting tools to increase the participation of children in suggesting and presenting their opinions more freely. The design process of this study is described in five steps(eliciting interest in and recognition of the target space, Understanding children's expectations and the expressing thereof, Establishing factors for planning, Visualizing and arranging spaces, and Decision-making and building a final design plan). This process was applied to the planning and design of an outdoor space for Seoul Don-Am Elementary School. In this study, it is clear that the design of the participators and experts have a different purpose. Thus, the process of the design has more meaning than the final product. In addition, it is expected that an improvement in both tangible and intangible designs will be seen. Using a participatory design process, this study successfully improved the facilities and arrangement planning of an outdoor space. At the same time, it also enhanced the interest and participation of children in the process of creating the kind of school they desire. The significance of this study is that it has suggested an effective model to reflect the demands of children, the true users of the outdoor space, and the results were actually applied to elementary school outdoor planning and designing. This study enhanced the awareness of school members in the process of building the school's outdoor space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.120-126
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• 2010

As the importance of an historical area is getting increased in these days, the reconstruction of an bell chamber in Namhansansung has significant historial, educational and cultural meaning. The purpose of this study, as a study on an bell chamber in Namhansansung, is to assume an original location of the bell chamber and identify the size and shape of the original bell chamber through literature study, site inspection, and analysis on old maps. In addition, this study could provide useful information when new bell chamber is constructed. According to the literature study, site inspections(5 times) and analysis on old maps, the original bell chamber is assumed to locate near current Oroji tea house at the rotary, where was in the area of Hanggung. With regard to the traffic system, it is assume that there was an old road along with the current local road No.342 connecting the South Gate with North Gate and a Y or T shape intersection connecting the site of old bell chamber with the north. In addition, there was a government office street from the old bell chamber to Hanggung. The shape of old bell chamber is assumed to have Paljak or Woojingak roof. Samo roof was not found in all the five maps. Regarding the direction of bell chamber, three maps indicate that it faces the East and two maps show that it faces the South. Therefore, it is assumed that the length and width of the roof have similar size. However, a new bell chamber should face the East, which is the same direction with Hanggung. As there is a record which states that a bell in the Cheonheoungsa, Seonggeosan, Cheonan was used as a Namhansansung's bell when the Cheonheoungsa was closed, this study suggests that new Namansansung's bell should be built, considering histroical value and artistry of Cheonheoungsa's bell. This study is a basic research for the reconstruction of Namhansansung in 2009. However, as reconstruction of historical assets should be based on thorough historical evidences. Therefore, more detail researches by a indicator analysis are left for the topic of future studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.50-66
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• 2016

This study attempts to understand and explain how "Directed Attention Restorative Environment (DARE)" is managed and fostered in "Gang-Hak (講學)" and "Yu-Sik (遊息)" spaces both inside and outside of Oksan Seowon Confucian Academy, Gyeongju. Directed Attention is a pivotal element in human information processing so that its restoration is crucial for effective thinking and learning. According to Kaplan & Kaplan's Attention Restoration Theory, an environment, in order to be restorative, should have four elements: 'Being Away,' 'Extent,' 'Fascination,' and 'Compatibility.' We could confirm OkSan Seowon Confucian Academy has an inner logic that integrates two basically different spacial concepts of "Jangsu" and "Yusik" and thus fosters the Attention Restorative Environment. Particularly, the Four Mountains and Five Platforms (四山五臺) surrounding the premises provides an excellent learning environment, and is in itself educational in terms of the Neo-Confucian epistemology with "Attaining Knowledge by way of Positioning Things (格物致知)" as its principle precept, and of its aesthetics with "Connectedness with Nature" as its central tenet. This study attempts to recapture the value of Korea's cultural heritage concerning the Human/Nature relationship; and it may provide useful insights and practical guidelines/grounds in designing today's schools and campuses, where the young people's needs for the Directed Attention- and Attention Restorative- Servicescapes seem to be greater than ever.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.133-149
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• 2014

One of the main purposes of universities is to create new intellectual resources that will increase social values. These intellectual resources include academic research papers, lecture notes, patents, and creative ideas produced by both professors and students. However, intellectual resources in universities are often not distributed to the actual users or companies; and moreover, they are not even systematically being managed inside of the universities. Therefore, it is almost impossible for companies to access the knowledge created by university students and professors to utilize them. Thus, the current level of knowledge sharing between universities and industries are very low. This causes a great extravagant with high-quality intellectual and human resources, and it leads to quite an amount of social loss in the modern society. In the 21st century, the creative ideas are the key growth powers for many industries. Many of the globally leading companies such as Fedex, Dell, and Facebook have established their business models based on the innovative ideas created by university students in undergraduate courses. This indicates that the unconventional ideas from young generations can create new growth power for companies and immensely increase social values. Therefore, this paper suggests of a new platform for intellectual properties distribution with university-industry cooperation. The suggested platform distributes intellectual resources of universities to industries. This platform has following characteristics. First, it distributes not only the intellectual resources, but also the human resources associated with the knowledge. Second, it diversifies the types of compensation for utilizing the intellectual properties, which are beneficial for both the university students and companies. For example, it extends the conventional monetary rewards to non-monetary rewards such as influencing on the participating internship programs or job interviews. Third, it suggests of a new knowledge map based on the relationships between key words, so that the various types of intellectual properties can be searched efficiently. In order to design the system platform, we surveyed 120 potential users to obtain the system requirements. First, 50 university students and 30 professors in humanities and social sciences departments were surveyed. We sent queries on what types of intellectual resources they produce per year, how many intellectual resources they produce, if they are willing to distribute their intellectual properties to the industries, and what types of compensations they expect in returns. Secondly, 40 entrepreneurs were surveyed, who are potential consumers of the intellectual properties of universities. We sent queries on what types of intellectual resources they want, what types of compensations they are willing to provide in returns, and what are the main factors they considered to be important when searching for the intellectual properties. The implications of this survey are as follows. First, entrepreneurs are willing to utilize intellectual properties created by both professors and students. They are more interested in creative ideas in universities rather than the academic papers or educational class materials. Second, non-monetary rewards, such as participating internship program or job interview, can be the appropriate types of compensations to replace monetary rewards. The results of the survey showed that majority of the university students were willing to provide their intellectual properties without any monetary rewards to earn the industrial networks with companies. Also, the entrepreneurs were willing to provide non-monetary compensation and hoped to have networks with university students for recruiting. Thus, the non-monetary rewards are mutually beneficial for both sides. Thirdly, classifying intellectual resources of universities based on the academic areas are inappropriate for efficient searching. Also, the various types of intellectual resources cannot be categorized into one standard. This paper suggests of a new platform for the distribution of intellectual materials and human resources, with university-industry cooperation based on these survey results. The suggested platform contains the four major components such as knowledge schema, knowledge map, system interface, and GUI (Graphic User Interface), and it presents the overall system architecture.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.135-155
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental sustainability of new town development in metropolitan area, Korea and derive some policy implications for sustainable urban development. The case study area selected for empirical research is Jisan Bummul new town in Taegu. In the part of theoretical review, it is considered that the urban form suitable to sustainable development of a metropolis is the type of decentralized concentration. For the decentralized concentration form, we suggest developing suburban centers with self-sufficiency within a metropolis. This strategy is to develop a few suburban centers on the outskirts of a metropolis to decentralize urban activities of the central city, and to conserve the remaining. The empirical study evaluating the environmental sustainability of new town development shows that Jisan Bummul new town generally have low environmental sustain ability, because of the policy of mass housing provisions without consideration on overall natural conditions and environmental capacity of the area. To develop a new town. we must first select the locational site with minimum possibility of the destruction of natural environment, and then it is necessary to develop new towns into compact form to minimize the destruction of the natural environment. Second, a new town should be developed into a large scale to obtain urban self-sufficiency. Third plans must be established for decentralising both industrial and residential functions of a metropolis simultaneously. As more detailed policy implications, it is suggested that the policies are needed to improve the quality of educational conditions and enhance the level of services of public transport facilities. It is also necessary to establish the comprehensive development plan that takes the adjacent developmental area into consideration, and to prepare various action plans to bring up the facilities of self-sufficiency. In the selection of the location of a new town, the adaptability of public transportation planning must be emphasized. But, to take a program for short-term mass housing provisions must be restricted.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-192
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• 2009

Currently, our country operates gifted education only as a special curriculum, which results in many problems, e.g., there are few beneficiaries of gifted education, considerable time and effort are required to gifted students, and gifted students' educational needs are ignored during the operation of regular curriculum. In order to solve these problems, the present study formulates the following research questions, finding it advisable to conduct gifted education in elementary regular classrooms within the scope of the regular curriculum. A. To devise a teaching plan for the gifted students on mathematics in the elementary school regular classroom. B. To develop a learning program for the gifted students in the elementary school regular classroom. C. To apply an in-depth learning program to gifted students in mathematics and analyze the effectiveness of the program. In order to answer these questions, a teaching plan was provided for the gifted students in mathematics using a differentiating instruction type. This type was developed by researching literature reviews. Primarily, those on characteristics of gifted students in mathematics and teaching-learning models for gifted education. In order to instruct the gifted students on mathematics in the regular classrooms, an in-depth learning program was developed. The gifted students were selected through teachers' recommendation and an advanced placement test. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the gifted education in mathematics and the possibility of the differentiating teaching type in the regular classrooms were determined. The analysis was applied through an in-depth learning program of selected gifted students in mathematics. To this end, an in-depth learning program developed in the present study was applied to 6 gifted students in mathematics in one first grade class of D Elementary School located in Nowon-gu, Seoul through a 10-period instruction. Thereafter, learning outputs, math diaries, teacher's checklist, interviews, video tape recordings the instruction were collected and analyzed. Based on instruction research and data analysis stated above, the following results were obtained. First, it was possible to implement the gifted education in mathematics using a differentiating instruction type in the regular classrooms, without incurring any significant difficulty to the teachers, the gifted students, and the non-gifted students. Specifically, this instruction was effective for the gifted students in mathematics. Since the gifted students have self-directed learning capability, the teacher can teach lessons to the gifted students individually or in a group, while teaching lessons to the non-gifted students. The teacher can take time to check the learning state of the gifted students and advise them, while the non-gifted students are solving their problems. Second, an in-depth learning program connected with the regular curriculum, was developed for the gifted students, and greatly effective to their development of mathematical thinking skills and creativity. The in-depth learning program held the interest of the gifted students and stimulated their mathematical thinking. It led to the creative learning results, and positively changed their attitude toward mathematics. Third, the gifted students with the most favorable results who took both teacher's recommendation and advanced placement test were more self-directed capable and task committed. They also showed favorable results of the in-depth learning program. Based on the foregoing study results, the conclusions are as follows: First, gifted education using a differentiating instruction type can be conducted for gifted students on mathematics in the elementary regular classrooms. This type of instruction conforms to the characteristics of the gifted students in mathematics and is greatly effective. Since the gifted students in mathematics have self-directed learning capabilities and task-commitment, their mathematical thinking skills and creativity were enhanced during individual exploration and learning through an in-depth learning program in a differentiating instruction. Second, when a differentiating instruction type is implemented, beneficiaries of gifted education will be enhanced. Gifted students and their parents' satisfaction with what their children are learning at school will increase. Teachers will have a better understanding of gifted education. Third, an in-depth learning program for gifted students on mathematics in the regular classrooms, should conform with an instructing and learning model for gifted education. This program should include various and creative contents by deepening the regular curriculum. Fourth, if an in-depth learning program is applied to the gifted students on mathematics in the regular classrooms, it can enhance their gifted abilities, change their attitude toward mathematics positively, and increase their creativity.