• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.287-297
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• 2017

This exploratory study aimed to explore the perception (knowledge and attitude) and behaviors of medical personnel regarding medical device safety and to identify the differences in results linked with the type of their task. A questionnaire was administered to medical personnel working at a tertiary care hospital with 900 beds in Incheon, Korea, and 220 completed questionnaires were used for analysis. The results revealed that the majority of the medical personnel perceived the potential risk involved in different types of medical devices they use and stated that they need training programs for safe use of medical devices. Concerning the perception regarding medical devices across different positions within the hospital, it was found that the residents had a low awareness about safety issues, although the medical services they handled involve high risks, thereby calling for safety training. Further nationwide studies are needed to improve the quality and validity of data and eventually to provide important information required by policy makers and academicians to manage medical device safety.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.157-171
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• 2006

This study was intended to suggest HACCP-based standard recipe for bellflower roots, classified as no thermal cooking process, served in a university foodservice operation. The time-temperature and microbial contamination level in each cooking step were analyzed. The temperatures of bellflower root, peeled garlic and green onion at receiving were at 13.8$\pm$2.8, 12.6$\pm$2.9 and 13.7$\pm$$0.8^\circC$ respectively, which were above the temperature limit. The time consumed for pre-preparation was up to 90 min at room temperature having high microbial growth potential. The levels of total plate counts (TPC) of bellflower root and garlic were over the limit of $10^6$ CFU/g as were the numbers of coliforms in bellflower roots. There were no microbial reductions in pre-preparation and cooking, which resulted in over $10^5$- $10^6$ CFU/g of TPC at service step. Two CCPs identified were washing/sanitation at pre-preparation and service steps. The control measures were washing/sanitation and temperature control. It was verified that CCPs for no cooking process developed in preceding studies were applicable for the microbiological food safety of this menu item. The HACCP-based standard recipe was developed to produce a quantity for 100 servings by observing the critical limits established for CCPs. These results suggest that the selection of proper provider is imperative to control the microbial contamination of raw materials at purchasing step. Also, the sanitary education program should be developed for the employees to understand and comply the HACCP plan and standard recipe.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.381-393
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• 2016

The new paradigm of 3D printing is that no one is clearly easy to regulate or estimate the impact adverse on existing industry or the form of new business models. Nevertheless, it will be judged that there is no person to deny about potential possibility of implicated 3D printing technology by industrial and business aspects. This study has the purpose and significance of that to suggest practical education which is available as practical application because new creative tools in design department are expected to have greater impact and use of 3D printing technology. Based on the analysis of research on the work process of 3D printing technology for this purpose, we composed the step-by-step curriculum linkages which combined theory and practice for student to create the well-made final output.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3333-3340
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• 2010

A three dimensional pharmacophore model was generated for the molecules which are responsible for anti-inflammatory activities targeting Interleukin-2 inducible tyrosine kinase (Itk). 16 structurally diverse molecules were selected as training set to generate the hypotheses using Discovery Studio v2.1. The best hypothesis, Hypo1, comprises two hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), one hydrophobic aromatic (HA), one ring aromatic (RA) and shows high cost difference (63.71), high correlation coefficient (0.97) as well as low RMS deviation (0.81). Hypo1 has been further validated toward a test set, decoy set and Fischer's randomization method. Furthermore, Hypo1 was used to screen NCI and Maybridge databases. Finally, 2 hit molecules were identified as potential leads against Itk, which may be useful for future drug development.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.405-418
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• 2014

Ontake Volcano, Japan, began to erupt without any precursors on September 27, 2014, at 11:52 AM, and it caused many losses of life. Although Japan's preparation manual and prevention for volcanic eruptions and volcanic hazards has been well established, it could not prevent damage due to the sudden eruption of the volcano. Soon after the eruption, however, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) led many organizations and institutions, including JMA's Volcanic Eruption Prediction Liaison Council, Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) and National Agriculture and Food Research Organization and they understood the eruption situation quickly and shared the information based on their close cooperation and contact systems. Through these efforts, JMA published the unified result to the public, informing the public of the situation around the volcano and about the eruption and of how the residents and climbers around the volcano should react to the volcanic hazards caused by the eruption. The Korean Government can learn how to respond to a future eruption of a volcano, such as Mt. Baekdu which has the potential to erupt in the foreseeable future.

• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.199-211
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• 2017

The cold surges over East Asia can be grouped to two types of the wave-train and the blocking. Recently, the observational study proposed new dynamical index to objectively identify cold surge types. In this study, the dynamical index is applied to the simulations of 10 climate models, which participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Focusing on assessment of cold surge simulation, we discuss characteristic of the wave-train and blocking cold surges in the climate models. The wave-train index (WI) and the blocking index (BI) based on potential temperature anomalies at dynamical tropopause over the subarctic region, the northeast China, and the western North Pacific enable us to classify cold surges in the climate models into two types. The climate models well simulate the occurrence mechanism of the wave-train cold surges with vertical structure related to growing baroclinic wave. However, while the wave-train in the observation propagates in west-east direction across the Eurasia Continent, most of the models simulate the southeastward propagation of the wave-train originated from the Kara Sea. For the blocking cold surges, the general features in the climate models well follow those in the observation to show the dipole pattern of a barotropic high-latitude blocking and a baroclinic coastal trough, leading to the Arctic cold surges with the strong northerly wind originated from the Arctic Sea. In both of the observation and climate models, the blocking cold surges tend to be more intense and last longer compared to the wave-train type.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Objectives: To introduce to TKM scientific dose conversion methods of human to animal or animal to human for new drug investigations. Methods: We searched guidelines of the FDA and KFDA, and compared them with references for drug-dose conversion from various databases such as PubMed and Google. Then, we analyzed the potential issues and problems related to dose conversion in safety documentation of new herbal drugs based on our experiences during Investigational New Drug (IND) applications of TKM. Results: Dose conversion from human to animal or animal to human must be appropriately translated during new drug development. From time to time, investigators have some difficulty in determining the appropriate dose, because of misunderstandings of dose conversion, especially when they estimate starting dose in clinical or animal studies to investigate efficacy, toxicology and mechanisms. Therefore, education of appropriate dose calculation is crucial for investigators. The animal dose should not be extrapolated to humans by a simple conversion method based only on body weight, because many studies suggest the normalization method is based mainly on body surface area (BSA). In general, the body surface area seems to have good correlation among species with several parameters including oxygen utilization, caloric expenditure, basal metabolism, blood volume and circulating plasma protein. Likewise, a safety factor should be taken into consideration when deciding high dose in animal toxicology study. Conclusion: Herein, we explain the significance of dose conversion based on body surface area and starting dose estimation for clinical trials with safety factor.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.38-50
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• 2013

This paper analyzes director Yang Yong-hi's documentary films "Dear Pyongyang"(2006), "Goodbye, Pyongyang"(2009) and her fiction film "Our Homeland"(2012). These films were produced on the base of the director's autobiographical experience, and raise issue of Jainichi-Korean diaspora who be caught in nation-state; North Korea, South Korea and Japan. With the family narratives crossing Jeju, Osaka, and Pyongyang, these films doubt boundaries be set by nation-state, and seek new breakout space. This paper traces restructuring identity in the tensional heterogeneity of nation-state exaction; Integration, unity, uniform education. In conclusion, these films foresee Korean diaspora's future identity from hybrid identities. It shows Korean diaspora's potential of receptivity, openness and solidarity which are required for Northeast Asian peace and the solution of two Korea's hostility.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 1999

CALS/EC is about doing business electronically. It is based on the electronic processing and transmission of data, including text, sound and video. It encompasses many diverse activities including electronic trading of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic fund transfers, electronic share trading, electronic bills of lading, commercial auctions, collaborative design and engineering, online sourcing, public procuremet, direct consumer marketing, and after-sales service. It involves both products(e.g. consumer goods, specialised medical equipment) and services(e.g. information services, financial and legal services); traditional activities(e.g. healthcare, education) and new activities (e.g. virtual malls). CALS/EC will be emerging to replace and substitute the role of the conventional market. By changing and eliminating some processes of the transactions, the electronic market and the electronic commerce will redistribute the power and hence the benefits of the market activities. Traditional way of doing business may enter into the new electronic market because the role and function of trust and established reputation will be reinforced in the electronic market. The CALS/EC through the Internet has been in the spotlight in the shopping behavior of the consumers. Accordingly Corporates are trying to adapt themselves to those rapidly changing environments being affected by the Internet. Among others, particularly to be noted is the CALS/EC between corporations and consumers whose potential growth can be considered very substantial. This report, focusing on the introduction of CALS/EC for the logistics of SMEs, will allow us to prepare more efficiently for the coming 21st Century. It is obvious that CALS/EC is fast becoming the useful way of exchanging not only information but products in business between firm-to-firm and firm-to-customer.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.179-201
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• 1999

CALS/EC is about doing business electronically. It is based on the electronic processing and transmission of data, including text, sound and video. It encompasses many diverse activities including electronic trading of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic fund transfers, electronic share trading, electronic bills of lading, commercial auctions, collaborative design and engineering, online sourcing, public procuremet, direct consumer marketing, and after-sales service. It involves both products(e.g. consumer goods, specialised medical equipment) and services(e.g. information services, financial and legal services); traditional activities(e.g. healthcare, education) and new activities (e.g. virtual malls). CALS/EC will be emerging to replace and substitute the role of the conventional market. By changing and eliminating some processes of the transactions, the electronic market and the electronic commerce will redistribute the power and hence the benefits of the market activities. Traditional way of doing business may enter into the new electronic market because the role and function of trust and established reputation will be reinforced in the electronic market. The CALS/EC through the Internet has been in the spotlight in the shopping behavior of the consumers. Accordingly Corporates are trying to adapt themselves to those rapidly changing environments being affected by the Internet. Among others, particularly to be noted is the CALS/EC between corporations and consumers whose potential growth can be considered very substantial. This report, focusing on the introduction of CALS/EC for the logistics of SMEs, will allow us to prepare more efficiently for the coming 21st Century. It is obvious that CALS/EC is fast becoming the useful way of exchanging not only information but products in business between firm-to-firm and firm-to-customer.