• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2024

Purpose: With the growth of the hospitality industry, it is imperative to identify how smart tourism characteristics may be used in hotel management. Current and emerging technologies such as analytic tools, automation, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) help to create value for the guests while also contributing to waste reduction, resource optimization, and increased profitability in the industry. Research design, data and methodology: The literature review was conducted to examine a broad scope of research in analyzing smart tourism characteristics for the improved management of hotels and establish the necessary background for this issue. The analysis was employed to specify the systematic approach of selecting, scrutinizing, and integrating the source of information. Results: According to the systematic literature analysis, four smart tourism characteristics have been established, which can improve various aspects of hotel management. They are as follows: (1) Smart Guest Experience Management, (2) Smart Operations and Resource Management, (3) Smart Customer Relationship Management, and (4) Smart Destination Management. Conclusions: The findings expose the radical approach that smart tourism characteristics take towards the management of hotels. The developments in IT and science-oriented solutions have opened greater opportunities as the hotel industry can enhance clients' satisfaction, productivity, and participation in environmental conservation initiatives for tourism.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.37-53
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• 2024

Purpose: Global warming is increasingly aggravated by environmental degradation, a challenge that can be mitigated through strategic logistic policies. This study introduces the dynamics of green trade in environmental goods for the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) nations. It is a region known for its high environmental degradation, political risk and instability. This study examines how technological innovation and political factors influence the geographic distribution of green trade among OIC nations from 1994 to 2021 using the structural gravity model. The COVID-19 pandemic further emphasised the need for resilient and eco-friendly approaches. Research design, data and methodology: The main objective of the study is to analyse the impact of technological innovation along with scrutinising political determinants of green trade in the OIC region from 1994 to 2021 using the structural gravity model. Results: The results reveal geographic proximity, RTA, and innovation significantly boost green trade. Similarly, OIC's green trade performance has been impeded by high political risk and instability. Conclusions: The research recommends fostering political stability, and conducting further research using longitudinal studies and machine learning to strengthen the understanding of innovation and green trade in the OIC. This will inform policies for sustainable economic growth through green trade.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2480-2488
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• 2024

Pakistan is a developing country whose maximum amount of mixed energy is provided by electricity, oil, coal, and gas. The study objective is to analyze the six major social factors to describe the significance of nuclear energy and CO₂ emissions at the decisive point coming from income, trade, energy, and urbanization. This study has tried to analyze the impact of different factors (i.e., fossil energy, GDP per capita, overall population, urban population, and merchandise trade) on Pakistan's CO₂ emissions using the extended STRIPAT model from 1986 to 2021. Ridge regression has been applied to analyze the parameters due to the multicollinearity problem in the data. The results show that (i) all the factors show significant results on carbon emissions; (ii) population and energy factors are the huge contributors to raising CO₂ emissions by 0.15% and 0.16%; however, merchandise and GDP per capita are the least contributing factors by 0.12% and 0.13% due to import/export and income level in Pakistan, and (iii) nuclear energy and substitute overall show a prominent and growing impact on CO₂ emissions by 0.16% and 0.15% in Pakistan. Finally, empirical results have wider applications for energy-saving, energy substitution, capital investment, and CO₂ emissions mitigation policies in developing countries. Moreover, by investigating renewable energy technologies and renewable energy sources, insights are provided on future CO₂ emissions reduction.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.27-39
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to assess the current state of aquaculture in Korea and evaluate regional competitiveness for major aquaculture species: flounder, rockfish, sea bream, and yellowtail. It seeks to identify the unique characteristics of aquaculture across various regions to enhance understanding of regional dynamics and industry trends. Research design, data and methodology: It utilizes Location Quotient, Shift Share Analysis, and combined analysis of the two methods to investigate regional specialization and growth factors in the farming of major aquaculture species. Data from the Fishery Aquaculture Trend Survey for 2018 and 2023 were analyzed, covering 30 administrative districts with detailed production values. Results: The analysis reveals varying regional specializations in aquaculture across Korea, with the East Coast showing high specialization in yellowtail but low in other species, and the South Coast demonstrating diverse specialization patterns depending on the region. It highlights that while the East Coast excels in sea bream and yellowtail, and the West Coast in rockfish, regional competitiveness for other species varies. Conclusions: It provides insights into regional variations in aquaculture specialization and competitiveness, identifying key regions for each species and offering a basis for targeted policy development. It suggests more frequent assessments to accurately monitor regional trends.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.49-75
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• 2003

This paper empirically examines multiskill formation as a critical mechanism of human capital accumulation within the firm. We investigate various factors that foster multiskill formation of the employees at the workplace. We also investigate whether and how multiskill formation of the employees, in tum, affect the labor productivity. Our empirical results are summarized as the following. First, skills of the employees are developed along the sequential path rather than the parallel path. They evolve from the simple-skill to the single-skill, and then to the multi-skill state. Second, multi skilling is stimulated by uncertainty factors of the environment and various human resource management practices such as mutual learning among workers, workers' participation in decision making, and job rotation. Third, the increase in the ratio of multiskilled workers in the firm has a positive impact on the growth of the firm's labor productivity. Our analyses show that the labor productivity growth increases by 0.019 with the increase in multi skilling ratio by 0.1. Fourth, uncertainty and human resource management practices had an indirect impact on labor productivity growth only through multiskilling. These results strongly indicate that multiskilling is a result of human capital accumulation fostered by various human resource management practices.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2020

This study examined the trajectories of the marital satisfaction among middle and old aged couples for 8 years. This study focused on middle and old aged couples who were relatively uninterested in family research. Using the 1-5 Waves of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) 2006-2014, the study included 635 middle and old aged couples whose husbands were 65-74 years old at baseline. First, a latent growth model indicated that a husband's and wife's marital satisfaction trajectories decreased over time. Second, a parallel latent growth model indicated that a husband's marital satisfaction trajectories decreased more quickly, when the initial level of their own marital satisfaction was higher (husband's actor-effect); in addition, a wife's marital satisfaction trajectories also decreased more quickly, when the initial level of their own marital satisfaction was higher (wife's actor-effect). Wife's marital satisfaction trajectories decreased more slowly, when the initial level of their husband's marital satisfaction was higher (husband's partner-effect); however, the husband's slope was not associated with the initial level of their wife's. The methodological value of this work shows the application of a parallel latent growth model that includes the actor and partner effect of APIM. The findings extend our understanding of longitudinal marital dynamics between couples and promote a study on the trajectories of marital satisfaction at stages of the family life cycle.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.5897-5905
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• 2015

This paper investigates the differentials in productivity and growth performance between small and medium size and large size firms in Korean manufacturing industries. According to the empirical analysis based on the Mining and Manufacturing Survey of Statistics Korea, this paper finds the following facts. First, the level of contribution of capital deepening on the growth rate of output(value added) is relatively greater in the small and medium size firm group, while the level of contribution of total factor productivity on the growth rate is relatively greater in the large size firm group. Second, the productivity polarization among the firms has increased relatively greater in the large size firm group over the past decade.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2020

The government has implemented policies to increase university technology commercialization while supporting university research over time. This paper adopts the neo-institutional theory and examines the effect of change in the government research funds that universities have received overtime on the change in their technology commercialization performance. It also investigates a location (Seoul metro or others) effect on the relationships. Using latent growth curve modeling (LGM), which is widely used for time-varying analysis, this study longitudinally analyzes 138 universities in South Korea over the past nine years from 2009 to 2017. The results indicate that the growth in the annual government research funds that universities attain affects the growth in the economic value of technology transfers. In addition, the relationship is stronger for universities in Seoul metropolitan areas than those in other areas. The relationships are intact with one-year lagging effects. The findings help understand the effectiveness of government R&D policies for promoting technology commercialization.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.91-119
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• 2021

The importance of industrial policy and innovation policy perspectives on public procurement has recently been highlighted. In particular, there have been discussions and studies on whether public procurement directly affects the growth and innovation of SMEs. As an extension of this study, this study analyzes whether the age of a firm moderating the effect of public procurement on growth among the characteristics of firms participating in public procurement. The analysis data was constructed by matching the financial data of about 1,247 firms designated as excellent products by the Public Procurement Service(PPS) from 2006 to 2017 and the public procurement sales. As a result of analysis through the panel regression model, firms with a greater degree of public procurement showed a higher growth rate, and this relationship was stronger with younger firms. This result not only contributes to the existing academic discussion on the effectiveness of public procurement, but also has significance in the establishment of public procurement policy.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-123
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• 2008

In this paper, technology gap between Korea's manufacturing industries compared to technology frontier countries was estimated in order to take into account Korea's status as a technology follower country. Then by using this measure the role of technology gap was investigated in explaining total factor productivity growth of the Korean manufacturing at industry level. The main empirical findings are as follows: First, the conventional factors that were emphasized in the previous literature such as R&D intensity, trade openness and human capital play important role in explaining the growth rate of Korea's total factor productivity. Second, the larger the technology gap between Korea and technology leader country (and the faster the technology growth rate in the leader country), the higher the growth rate of total factor productivity in Korea as well. Third when the technology gap is large, the most efficient way of absorbing higher technology from frontier country seems to be the international trade channel rather than R&D or human capital accumulation.