• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.13-33
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• 2019

Purpose - This study empirically investigated whether national distances (Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic distance) have different effects on industries in different ways. Design/methodology - The empirical model utilized industry level export trade data to examine the differentiated effects of each national distance. By using direct measurement and covering 75 countries, this paper analyzes the effect of distances in different industries. More specifically, this study classified the industries into a more-sensitive/less-sensitive scale. Findings - The empirical results showed the complicated impacts of national distances on trade. Trade in industries that are more sensitive to cultural and administrative distances was not decreased as greatly as trade in industries that are less sensitive to cultural and administrative distances. Also, industries that are more sensitive to geographic distance showed a stronger negative impact on trade than less sensitive industries. Lastly, economic distance decreased trade for industries that are more sensitive to economic distance, while economic distance did not significantly increase trade for industries that are less sensitive to economic distance. Originality/value - As the first study to empirically find out whether national distance has different effects on industries, this study updated the measurements of national distance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.495-507
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• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of cultural distance, economic distance, and geographic distance on the export of Korean broadcasting programs by using data from 2013 to 2022 between Korea and nine regions in the Asia-Pacific. Design/methodology/approach - This study conducted a panel regression analysis using pooled cross-sectional time series data extracted from a ten-year dataset of nine Asia-Pacific regions: Japan, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Thailand, which are the main export destinations for Korea broadcasting programs. Findings - Firstly, economic and geographic distance, key determinants in the traditional gravity model, were found to significantly influence the export of Korean broadcasting programs. Secondly, while cultural distance showed a positive correlation with the export value of Korean broadcasting programs, an non-linear inverted U-shape relationship was observed when considering the squared term of cultural distance. Research implications or Originality - The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence that the factors influencing the traditional gravity model remain significant determinants of Korean broadcasting program exports. While previous studies have primarily emphasized economic variables, this study underscores the importance of cultural factors in explaining the export of Korean broadcasting programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.104-120
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• 2018

The contribution of foreign tourist consumption on national economies is becoming increasingly important for many countries. This study examines the relationship of home-host country psychic distance (HHCPD), tourism shopping motivation and attitudes towards local and global fashion brands in host countries. Survey data from a sample of 500 Chinese tourists were collected at an international airport in Korea. The results reveal that all three key factors of HHCPD (economic, geographic and cultural distance) positively affect social shopping motivation. Moreover, only economic distance has a positive effect on commodity shopping motivation, while both cultural and economic distance positively influence souvenir shopping motivation. All three factors of tourism shopping motivation positively affect local fashion brand attitudes, while only commodity shopping motivation positively affects consumer attitudes towards global fashion brands. Thus, fashion marketers should trigger the shopping motivation of foreign tourists by maximising the psychic distance from their home in order to satisfy fashion-seeking tourists.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.429-449
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• 2011

This study investigated the determinants of the foreign direct investment (FDI) by the Korean firms. We focused on types of FDI such as market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, strategic asset-seeking, resource seeking investment and institutional distance including economic distance, political distance and cultural distance which were affecting Korean FDI decision. We tested our hypotheses using Korean FDI data collected between 1980 and 2010. The result showed that Korean FDI to be associated with market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, strategic asset-seeking investment, and institutional distance such as economic distance. We also examined Korean FDI before and after IMF, and the results indicated that before IMF, Korean FDI was associated with market-seeking and strategic asset-seeking investment. However, after IMF, Korean FDI was associated with market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, strategic asset-seeking investment, and institutional distance such as economic distance.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-168
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• 2016

The Asia-Pacific region is not typically seen as one geographic or socio-economic space. Yet, 58 regional economies occupying the space of 28 million square kilometers from Turkey in the West, Russian Federation in the North, French Polynesia in the East and New Zealand in the South belong to the Economic and Social Commission of Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). This commission provides a forum for member states that "promotes regional cooperation and collective action, assisting countries in building and sustaining shared economic growth and social equity". In 2013, ESCAP's members adopted the Bangkok Declaration to enhance efforts towards deeper regional economic integration. Yet this document neither proposes a concrete modality or modalities of achieving deeper integration, nor provides a sense of distance of individual countries to a "perceived" integrated Asia-Pacific.This paper aims to comprehensively quantify recent integration efforts of economies in the Asia-Pacific region. We provide an "index of integration effort" based on twelve metrics that measure the relative distance of a given economy to the region as an economic entity. Generally, we find that while the region has trended towards becoming integrated in general, both the level of integration and integration effort are inconsistent among Asia-Pacific economies. We discuss potential applications and extensions of the index in developing our perspective of the region's economic and social dynamics.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.427-445
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• 2016

We review research using departures from the law of one price to measure the advent of globalization in Europe and Asia. In an application, we then study the role of distance and time in statistically explaining price dispersion across 32 Swedish towns for 19 commodities from 1732 to 1914. The resulting large number of relative prices (502,689) allows precise estimation of distance and time effects, and their interaction. We find an effect of distance that declines significantly over time, beginning in the 18th century, well before the arrival of canals, the telegraph, or the railway.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.9
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• pp.1192-1198
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• 2014

With an increase in the penetration of offshore wind farm, the need of an accurate economic evaluation of offshore wind farm has become crucial. This paper presents an economic evaluation method of offshore wind farm in Korea reflecting the cost of offshore wind farm infrastructure (offshore substation, submarine cable and foundation) in its cost model. Each cost of offshore substation, submarine cable, and foundation is represented as a function of installed capacity, distance to shore, and water level, respectively. We have applied the method to the case study of offshore in Jeju Island and analyzed the economics under various conditions. The results show that the distance to shore is of importance in economics of offshore wind farm.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2015

Offshore wind farms extend a distance from an onshore grid to increase their generating power, but long distance and high power transmissions raise a lot of cost challenges. LFAC (Low Frequency AC) transmission is a new promising technology in high power and low cost power transmission fields against HVDC (High Voltage DC) and HVAC (High Voltage AC) transmissions. This paper presents an economic comparison of LFAC and HVDC transmissions for large offshore wind farms. The economic assessments of two different transmission technologies are analyzed and compared in terms of wind farm capacities (600 MW and 900 MW) and distances (from 25 km to 100 km) from the onshore grid. Based on this comparison, the economic feasibility of LFAC is verified as a most economical solution for remote offshore wind farms.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.71-94
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of psychic distance between home country and host country on overseas foreign direct investment(OFDI) of Spanish companies through panel analysis. The panel data was based on cultural, institutional, economic, and geographical distance data over the past decade between Spain and Spain's OFDI countries. According to the Random Effect Model(REM) analysis, cultural distance(CULD) had a negative effect on OFDI, while institutional distance(INSD) had a positive effect. Among economic distances, income size distance(GDP) had a positive effect on OFDI, but export size distance(EXPO) had a negative effect. Geographic distance(PKM) had a negative impact. Meanwhile, according to the results of quantile regression analysis to prove the psychic distance effect by OFDI size, the effects of CULD and INSD in the quartile (75%) to which Korea belongs were the same as the REM analysis results. In addition, GDP and EXPO had a positive effect, and PKM had a negative effect but EXPO had a positive effect. Therefore, FDI host countries need to establish differentiated strategies through quantile analysis while making continuous efforts to improve the system.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.47-57
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the necessity of conserving and maintaining eco-parks by estimating their economic value. Wonheung-ee Park in Sannam 3 District of Cheongju City was chosen as the subject and a quantitative estimation was conducted. The quantitative analysis utilized the hedonic price model that estimates the value of non-market goods. The summarized results of this study are follows. The subject park influenced the prices of its neighboring apartments. The most important factor was the distance between the park and the subject apartment. When the distance was longer than 400m, the impact was greatest. The quantitative assessment also showed that apartment prices and the distance between an apartment and the park had a negative relationship. When the distance increased by 1%, apartment prices decreased by 0.430%. This means that within a certain distance, the closer an apartment is to the park, the higher is the price. Demonstrating the economic value of eco-parks, this study also supports the importance of preserving eco-areas. It generally shows that when we develop a city, we should refrain destroying the ecosystem.