• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.4
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• pp.47-61
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• 2004

This study analyzed the buying patterns of American and Korean female college students in terms of criteria for clothing selection； store preferences； criteria for store selection； fashion information sources； expressions of customer dissatisfaction； purchasing frequency and motivations for purchasing clothes. The study was implemented through self-administered questionnaires which were back translated for validity. The samples consisted of 730 female college students majoring in the fields related to clothing and textiles： 310 U.S. and 412 Korean students. Likert scales were used for most measures with 1＝never or very unimportant and 5＝always or very important. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, analysis of covariance, Duncans multiple comparison, and t-test. Results are as follows： 1) Design factor was the most important criteria in clothing selection with no differences between country groups. There were, however, significant differences for psychological exhibition factors, practical and economic factors. 2) Both groups preferred specialty and department stores, with department stores more popular in Korea. 3) Merchandise was the most important store selection criterion and fashion magazines and self-experience were rated as the most important information sources for the both groups. 4) Korean group expressed their dissatisfaction with and observable problem with a product before purchase more often than U.S. group, but the U.S. group was more vocal about color loss or shrinkage after care procedures. 5) Some clear differences between the two countries emerged. Marketers targeting American consumers should pay more attention to practicality and service； to Korean consumers more symbolic meaning of products.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2007

China has achieved the most rapid economic growth in the last 20 years, especially since its joining into WTO. Lots of world retail companies are rushing into chinese market. Especially, many discount store operators have been successfully operating and expanding their businesses. Therefore throughly understanding the character of consumers of china, basing on the careful market analysis and implementing correct marketing policies will help to promote retail enterprises' self-competitive in the market.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.23 no.3 s.61
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• pp.223-239
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• 2006

As the fact that science is the driving force behind technological development and that technological innovation contributes to economic development has been proved empirically convincing, the interaction between science and technology is highly emphasized in advanced countries. But, Korea has not been active in conducting research on science-based technological development and on the scientific fields that have strong relationships with Korean technology. This study attempts to explore the influence of scientific research papers cited in US patents by Koreans on other US patents and identify the interactions between scientific research papers and patents, by examining the scientific references cited in the Korean-originated US patents.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.241-252
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• 2013

Because of financial and safety concerns, there are needs for more accurate prediction of bridge behavior. Underestimation of the bridge load carrying capacity can have serious economic consequences, as deficient bridges must be repaired or rehabilitated. Therefore, the knowledge of the actual bridge behavior under live load may lead to a more realistic calculation of the load carrying capacity and eventually this may allow for more bridges to remain in service with or without minor repairs. The presented research is focused on the reliability evaluation of the actual load carrying capacity of existing bridges based on the field testing. Seventeen existing bridges were tested under truck load to confirm their adequacy of reliability. The actual response of existing bridge structures under live load is measured. Reliability analysis is performed on the selected representative bridges designed in accordance with AASHTO codes for bridge component (girder). Bridges are first evaluated based on the code specified values and design resistance. However, after the field testing program, it is possible to apply the experimental results into the bridge reliability evaluation procedures. Therefore, the actual response of bridge structures, including unintentional composite action, partial fixity of supports, and contribution of nonstructural members are considered in the bridge reliability evaluation. The girder distribution factors obtained from the tests are also applied in the reliability calculation. The results indicate that the reliability indices of selected bridges can be significantly increased by reducing uncertainties without sacrificing the safety of structures, by including the result of field measurement data into calculation.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing Health Promoting Behavior(HPB) of nursing students. Method: The sample consisted of 418 college nursing students in G city. data collection method was a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Result: The mean score for HPB was 2.48. In the subcategories, the highest degree of performance was interpersonal relationship and the lowest degree was exercise. HPB was significantly different according to economic status of parents, health concern of parents, and body mass index. The most powerful predictor of HPB was self esteem(33%). A combination of self esteem, social support, self efficacy and perceived health status accounted for 43% of the variance in HPB of nursing students. Conclusion: This study suggests that self esteem, social support, self efficacy and perceived health status are significantly influencing factors in HPB of nursing students.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.838-845
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• 2006

Recently construction work in Korea, demands of favorable condition ground had been increased with industrialization acceleration and economic growth. However, because of limited land space, it was so hard to ensure favorable condition grounds that construction work proceeds until soft ground area on plans of road, railroad and industrial complex. In this case, soft ground improvement was required such as a stone column method. Stone column method, making a compaction pile using crushed stone, is a soft ground improvement method. However, stone column method is difficult to apply to the ground which is not mobilized enough lateral confine pressure because no bulging failure resistance. Hence, in present study, evaluates the stone columns reinforced by geogrid for settlement reduction and wide range of application of stone columns. Triaxial compression tests were conducted for evaluation which is about behavior characteristics of stone column on replacement rate. Then, 3-dimensional numerical analysis were conducted for application of stone column reinforced by geogrid as evaluate behavior characteristics and settlement reduction effect of stone column reinforced by geogrid on reinforcing depth change of geogrid.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.3 s.87
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• pp.137-149
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• 2007

This study explores diverse consumer characteristics pursuant to whether the consumers in question have purchased luxury goods, and it also explores the variables that tend to influence such purchases. Furthermore, the relationship between consumers' purchases of, propensity for and preference toward luxury goods is researched, and an analysis is also conducted on the degrees of influence that consumer purchases of luxury goods have on consumer propensity and preference for luxury goods. The results show that the experience of such purchases determines the diverse characteristics of consumers in such areas as age, expenditures and overseas travel. In addition, the propensity of consumers to buy luxury goods is related to the tendency toward trends, self-planning, rationality and economic efficiency, while the preference of consumers is linked to the tendency toward trends, self-realization and rationality. This study aims to analyze and understand the consumer group of college women in their 20s, and it also seeks to help establish policies that will provide consumer education so badly needed by such women who are or who will be the main players of their respective household economies and rates of consumption.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.15-29
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• 2013

Today's technology enables consumers to trade millions of dollars, conduct online banking, access entertainment, and do countless other activities at the click of a button. Online social networks (OSN) have become a cultural phenomenon that allows for individualistic consumerism. Consumers are increasingly utilizing OSN to share ideas, build communities, and contact fellow consumers who are similar to themselves. The relevance of online communities to the music is immense especially because musicians are now using social media to build global audiences. Not only is information about music and performance disseminated online, but musical commodities are sold and traded online. Online music communities allow consumers to elect and create new identities online through the purchase of subcultural commodities. Given the growing economic importance of online music communities it is important to get a holistic view of subcultural communities online. This study utilized content analysis of online music community websites using the Netnography methodology as developed by Kozinet for data collection to analyze consumers' purchasing and consumption behavior of subcultural commodities online as related to the formation of subcultural identities. Findings showed that subcultural items are predominantly purchased online, especially digital music, and there is a need for more custom craft items. The authors presented a new conceptual taxonomy of online subcultural consumer classifications based on online behavior patterns.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2002

We applied 3-D balancing technique to estimate nationwide travel demand using travel behavior of Toll Collecting System data, socio-economic data in the region, and the data of several organizations connected with travel demand estimation. The results from this study were validated by the indices of RMSE(Root Mean Square Error), TLFD(Trip Length Frequency Distribution). TCS based inter-city average travel to measure of reliability and adequacy of estimated travel demand. Finally, 3-D technique seems to reflect more travel behavior of TCS OD than 2-D technique, but we cannot assert that 3-D technique superior to 2-D technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.189-200
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that influence Korean adolescents' depression and suicidal ideation from individual, social and environmental perspectives by gender. The study used the date of the 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and the subjects were 68,043 middle and high school students. The levels of depression and suicidal ideation were the dependent variables and the factors influencing the dependent variables included 11 individual factors, 3 social factors and 7 environmental factors. The data were analyzed using odds ratios (OR) from multi-variable logistic regression analysis. As a result, the most significant individual factors that influenced both depression and suicidal ideation were stress and subjective happiness both in boy and girls, the most significant social factor was participation in violence treatment programs, and the most significant environmental factors were economic status, father's educational level, and whether or not they lived with their family. Therefore, programs and policies to improve adolescents' mental health should be developed considering individual, social, and environmental factors.