• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.371-384
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• 2017

Physical and mechanical properties of rocks are of interest in many fields, including materials science, petrophysics, geophysics and geotechnical engineering. Uniaxial compressive strength UCS is one of the key mechanical properties, while density and porosity are important physical parameters for the characterization of rocks. The economic interest of carbonate rocks is very important in chemical or biological procedures and in the field of construction. Carbonate rocks exploitation depends on their quality and their physical, chemical and geotechnical characteristics. A fast, economic and reliable technique would be an evolutionary advance in the exploration of carbonate rocks. This paper discusses the ability of ultrasonic wave velocity to evaluate some mechanical and physical parameters within carbonate rocks (collected from different regions within Tunisia). The ultrasonic technique was used to establish empirical correlations allowing the estimation of UCS values, the density and the porosity of carbonate rocks. The results illustrated the behavior of ultrasonic pulse velocity as a function of the applied stress. The main output of the work is the confirmation that ultrasonic velocity can be effectively used as a simple and economical non-destructive method for a preliminary prediction of mechanical behavior and physical properties of rocks.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.707-715
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• 2021

This article examines the potential impact of the Covid-19 Lockdown on earnings manipulation and stock market sensitivity to earnings announcements. It also explores the effects of earnings manipulation after the COVID-19 outbreak on the share price sensitivity to the earnings disclosures. The study uses a quantitative method to analyze the financial data consisting of 87 firms listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period from 2018 to 2020, which constitutes a total of (174 observations). We used Ohlson (1995) model to estimate financial market reaction and sensitivity to earnings manipulation fluctuations and accounting information. The results show that companies practice earnings manipulation to maintain earnings over a time series, which means a negative impact of earnings manipulation on all earnings measures' value relevance (EPS, BVS, and CFS). Accordingly, earnings manipulation negatively influences investor behavior in the financial market, based mainly on financial reporting. The value relevance of financial reports has also decreased because of the COVID-19 outbreak and related economic Lockdown. These results reflect a long-term adverse impact of earnings manipulation on investor behavior and financial statements reliability.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.905-916
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting US beef consumption intention in the future, to identify the causes of US beef import growth and to derive implications and strategies for domestic beef producers. Since the KORUS FTA was signed in 2012, US beef imports in 2017 totaled 379,064 tons, an annual increase of 3.5 percent. US beef imports have been steadily increasing due to cuts in FTA tariffs and changes in consumer preferences. The data used in this study utilized a sample of 3,290 grocery purchasers from the Korea Rural Economic Institute's 2016 Food Consumption Behavior Survey. The analytical method used the Ordered Logit Model to analyze what factors influence a consumer's subjective evaluation. As a result, the major factors affecting US beef consumption intention in the future are price, taste and safety. In particular, it has to do with the recent surge in U.S. imports of good-tasting chilled meat. Because chilled meat does not differentiate the market from Hanwoo beef produced in Korea, it is necessary to have differentiated taste and low price through cost reduction. By age and family group, people aged 30 - 40 years and single-person households are the main consumption group. As a result of this study, it is necessary to establish marketing strategies for producers such as rational pricing, safety, taste promotion, and small-scale sales to extend the demand for Hanwoo beef in the younger generation to enhance the competitiveness of the domestic beef market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.879-893
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• 2016

This study explores the determinants of clothing disposition and examines their effect on the dimensions of clothing disposition behavior. The data of 316 women were collected nationwide using an online self-administered questionnaire. This study initially identified five types of disposition behavior as revising, permanent separation, giving away, selling, and donating to charity. Exploratory and confirmative factor analysis identified the underlying determinants of clothing disposition as self-concept, reusability, economic factor, social environment, affective association, storage, fashionableness, and a sense of belongingness. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the relationships between variables. The results demonstrated that six out of eight determinants significantly affected clothing disposition behavior. The effects of social environment and a sense of belongingness were relatively strong determinants that influenced the four types of disposition behaviors. However, self-concept and affective association did not influence the disposition behaviors. A series of one-way MANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of the eight demographic variables on the four modes of clothing disposition. Giving away, permanent separation, and donating to charity differed significantly in the groups of three demographic variables such as age, monthly income, and marital status. This study empirically elucidates what criteria consumers use when confronted with unused clothing and how the determinants of clothing disposition influence the modes of clothing disposition behavior. This study provides a framework for clothing disposition behavior and its determinants as well as suggests a new approach to clothing disposition behavior and improvements in marketing decisions.

• Journal of Consumption Culture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-118
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a householder's working type on household saving from the perspective of precautionary saving behavior theory and the determinants of household saving by householder's working type. The data for this study was from the 2009 year of the Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS), consisting of 2,463 households with householders whose working type was regular or non-regular employment(temporary, daily or public work). OLS regression analyses and Chow-tests were performed. In the regression analyses, the dependent variables for household saving were precautionary saving and precautionary asset. Precautionary saving was operationalized with the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving to average monthly disposable income, and precautionary asset was operationalized with the amount of financial assets and the ratio of financial assets to net assets. The independent variables were household income, household assets, householder's working type(regular, non-regular), householder's age, sex, education level and marriage status, income level, the number of household members, housing type, debt, and public transfer income. Monthly average total consumption expenditures for household income, and net assets for household assets, the existence of spouse for marriage status, poverty for income level were used. Public transfer income was classified into three, social insurance, basic assistance and government assistance. For the analyses, Stata 11.0 version was used. The results are as follows: Householder's working type was significantly related to the precautionary saving behavior of a household. However, the precautionary saving and the precautionary asset of a household with a householder in non-regular working type was lower than those of a household with a householder in regular working type. This result is not consistent with the expectation from the perspective of precautionary saving behavior that the saving of a household with a householder in non-regular working type is expected to be higher than that of a household with a householder in regular working type. According to the analyses of the determinants for precautionary saving behavior by householder's working type, monthly average total consumption expenditures, debt, net assets, poverty, the number of household members, basic assistance were statistically significant variables. The positive relation of basic assistance to precautionary saving(the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving)is a noteworthy result in the analyses of the determinants for household saving by householder's working type. The above results suggest the followings. First, it is easy to predict the unstability of economic life of a household with a householder in non-regular working type because of relatively low precautionary saving and precautionary asset. The reason for the low precautionary saving and the low precautionary asset may be a low current income of the household in spite of its willingness to save. If this reasoning is possible, it suggests that policies are needed for households with householders in non-regular working type to save. Second, the relatively low precautionary saving and precautionary asset of a household with a householder in non-regular working type suggest also their long-term economic stability. This suggests they need to try a long-term financial planning even though they have limitations to save for future because of their low current income. It is necessary to develop the financial planning for the households with unstable incomes. Third, the determinants for precautionary saving behavior by householder's working type were mostly the ones which reflect the economic condition of a household. This suggests that the economic condition of a household is a core factor for household saving. Consequently, it emphasizes the efforts for a household to acquire the adequate level of income for saving. Forth, the positive relation of basic assistance to precautionary saving(the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving) suggests the possibility for a household to accumulate the precautionary saving and the precautionary asset in the channel of basic assistance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.145-152
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• 1999

In the applying of the reinforced soil method, it would be possible to obtain reinforcement effect more than before in terms of economic if high water content clayey soils could be used as embanking material. Futhermore it would be possible to expect the expansion of the applying field of reinforced soil method too. In this study, the authors describe the analysis results on the behavior of 5 meter high walls reinforced with nonwoven geotextile having the permeability and woven geotextile or geogrid having large tensile strength on the soil ground. The behavior of the walls were investigated for about 100 days after construction and the deformations of reinforcements, lateral soil pressures, vertical and horizontal displacements of the walls were examined by automatical measuring system. It was found that this kinds of reinforcing system might effectively improve the performance of the steep walls by virtue of the reciprocal action between soil and reinforcements, and it might be concluded that construction of the clayey reinforced soil walls with three kinds of geotextiles could be done successfully even on the comparative weak ground.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to classify the type of the convenience food and examine the consumption behavior of convenience food of wives according to socio-economic and demographic variables and psychological variables. The survey was conducted using interview during October 1 and October 30, 1996. The data used in this study included 186 women with husband present living in Pusan. Statistical analyses were conducted using frequencies, percentiles, mean, oneway ANOVA, Duncan test and factor analysis. The major findings were as follows: 1. The convenience food was classified as 5 types : Korean style side dishes, soy-bean paste, delivery food and cleaned vegitables, noodles and side dishes for a lunch-box, canned and retort foods. 2. Wife's age, income, number of family members, education, tenure, level of employment status, attitude toward convenience food, family goal orientation and job goal orientation were sinificantly related to the convenience food consumption behavior of housewives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined depression, ego-resilience and health behaviors of high school student in order to understand the relationship among these variables. Methods: The study used raw data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey conducted in 2015. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Gender, school performance, economic status, subjective health status, drinking behavior and ego-resilience had significant effects on depression. Moreover, school performance, subjective health status, smoking behavior, duration of exercise during physical education classes, and depression had significant effects on ego-resilience. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we need to develop the interventions for depression and ego-resilience for adolescents, considering the related factors to health status and behaviors.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 1999

This study is intended to help internet marketers by trying to segment consumer who had experience in buying clothing in internet shopping-malls. Concrete purpose of this study was 1)to segment by Buying Motives of Internet Clothing Buyer, 2) to identify demographic traits of segmented groups and 3) to identify buying behavior traits, internet shopping-mall choice criteria of segmented groups. The data of 500 respondents were collected by questionnaires in internet survey site. The results were as follows : 1) 5 factors; convenience, informational, hedonic, economic, easiness of refund were revealed by factor analysis, 2) 3 group types by buying motives; information-oriented, hedonic, convenience-oriented were identified by cluster analysis, 3) 3 groups were different in demographic traits, 4) goal-directed/experience-directed behavior and shopping-mall choice criteria of three groups were different. And then marketing implications were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-66
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• 2004

The objectives of this study are to analyze the producer's behaviors and characteristics of environmentally friendly agricultural products(organic agricultural products and non-chemicals agricultural products, low-chemicals agricultural products excluded). Firstly the present situation of environmentally-friendly agriculture is analyzed. Secondly the producer's behavior and attitude is analyzed tabularly and the social and economic characteristics of producers is analyzed by logit model with thc results of sample surveys on 341 farmers who have been producing quality-certificated environmentally friendly agricultural products. Thirdly based on the results of this study, problems and alternatives means in order to activate production of environmentally friendly agricultural products are finded and showed.