• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2013

This proposed simulation-based design study is based on the design of residential high-rise buildings in South-Korea. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of daylighting performance passing through building glazing according to sky conditions, orientation of windows and each space of Apartment buildings. The clear sky includes sunshine and is intense and brighter at the horizon than at the zenith, except in the area around the sun. Daylight received within a building is directly dependent upon the sun's position and the atmospheric conditions. Orientation of the building generally used to refer to solar orientation which is the siting of building with respect to solar access. Although any building will have different orientations for its different sides, the orientation can refer to a particular room, or to the most important facade of the building. north-facing windows receive twice the winter sun than east and west facing windows, allowing light and warmth into the home. They can be easily shaded from the high summer sun to help keep the house cool. Ideally, the glazing area should be between 10-25% of the floor area of the room. This paper was calculated by a Desktop Radiance program. The space dimensions were based on a unit module of real constructed apartment having divided into five sections such as living room, room1, room2, room3 and kitchen.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2013

Many activities associated with the construction and habitation of buildings are connected with issues affecting the environment such as global warming, climate change, and consumption of valuable natural resources such as fossil fuels. To minimize negative impacts on the environment, the building industry worldwide has implemented green building practices in many countries. One of the main green strategies is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by residential structures because they are most substantially connected with global warming and climate change. To determine the actual quantity of green house gas emissions caused by the construction and use of a building, it is important to analyze total greenhouse gas emissions over the life cycle of buildings including construction, operation & maintenance(O&M) and demolition stages. Many studies suggest methods to calculate greenhouse gas emissions at the construction stage, but the literature addressing greenhouse gas emissions at the O & M stage is limited. A year-long study was conducted utilizing the deterioration method to calculate greenhouse gas emissions at the O & M stage of building life for condominium types of buildings in South Korea. Through this research, it is possible to analyze greenhouse gas emissions of buildings at the O & M stage, the longest span of the life cycle, and eventually help to calculate total greenhouse gas emissions over the life cycle of the building.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the design characteristics of external appearances of Hundertwasser's housing projects through both literature review and field study, and to understand how Hundertwasser's architecture philosophy was embodied in the design of external appearances so such projects. The subjects of the analysis are: Hundertwasser House; In the Meadow Bad Soden; The Forest Spiral Darmstadt; and The Green Citadel Magdeburg. The conclusion of the study is as follows. The fundamental architecture philosophy of Hunderwasser is the close linkage between mankind and nature. He has proven, through his four housing projects mentioned above, that it is possible to build houses without destroying and in harmony with nature. Hundertwasser had identified vitality, irregularity and diversity as being the source of beauty of nature. Using the human creativity, he had embodied such elements into his housing projects, thus suggesting an ideal housing environment whereby humanity is respected. Hundertwasser made use of organic curved line and spiral shapes that exist in nature when designing his housing projects. His creativity was articulated through vitality, diversity, and irregularity in colour schemes and a wide range of form. Indeed, he was an architect pursuing the underlying nature of both human and nature. The current living environment in Korea can be characterized as being standardized and desolate, which is a result of housing projects being focused too much on functionalism. Through its analysis of Hundertwasser's housing projects, one of the objectives of this study is to contribute to a new design paradigm being called for today, including for housing projects to be more ecological and environmental-friendly. By motivating architects and appealing to their clients, this study hopes to motivate those involved in various housing projects to think progressively. Such an attitude change could assist in transforming and thus enhancing the overall living environment in Korea.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2005

20세기의 산업화에 따른 문명의 발전과 기술의 고도화를 통해 인간들은 다양한 편리성을 누리게 되었다. 그러나 21세기는 개발중심적인 편향적 발전에 대한 생태학적 한계를 극복하고 우리의 후손에게 좀 더 깨끗한 환경을 물려주는 이른바 '지속가능 한 환경'을 만드는 시대라는 점에 공감하고 있다. 환경공생이 가지는 범위는 미시적 차원의 환경에서 거시적 차원의 환경에 이르기까지 다양한 수준의 환경적 어울림을 뜻하는 것이다. 이에 따른 친환경주택의 세 가지 목표는 지구환경 보전, 주변 환경과의 친화성, 주거환경의 건강과 저 적성이다. 환경공생의 관점에서 본다면, 주택은 지구환경보전을 위해 에너지와 자원을 절약해야 하고 태양열이나 풍력 등을 이용한 자연 에너지의 집적과 우수의 재사용, 폐기물의 감소와 재활용이 생활 속에서 실천되어야 한다. 주변 환경과의 친화성이 이루어지도록 기후풍토, 지리 등 생태학적으로 환경을 이해하여 빛과 바람 그리고 동식물 등의 환경요소와 잘 화합하는 개발을 하도록 유도하여야 하고 그 구성원 또한 건강하여야 한다. 그리고 주거환경의 건강과 쾌적성을 위하여 청정한 공기와 온도, 습도, 통풍 등이 잘 유지되도록 친환경 소재를 통한 지구의 유한한 에너지 보전과 재활용에 더욱 노력을 아끼지 말아야 할 것이다. 친환경주택은 생태주의라는 새로운 패러다임으로의 전환 없이는 도전하기도 실현하기도 어려운 새로운 사회적 사명이 되었다. 특히 국내의 친환경적용 주택의 사례나 연구가 아직 선진국에 비해 많지 않음께 아쉬움을 느끼며 본 연구가 환경적 삶과 질을 확보하기 위한 의식의 고취와 관심의 증대를 가져오길 바라며, 이러한 연구는 앞으로 좀 더 구체화되고 체계화되어 우리가 궁극적으로 추구해야 할 건강하고 행복한 삶을 위한 새로운 문명적 패러다임을 위한 하나의 기틀이 되어질 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.리팀)를 중심으로 하는 QFD(quality function development)의 접근방법, (2) 마케팅 담당자를 중심으로 하는 컨조인트 분석(conjoint analysis), (3) 상기의 2가지 접근방법의 상호보완적 및 동시적 결합 및 피드백의 주장(Pullman, Moore and Wardell, 2002)을 들 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구의 실증적 분석결과에는 품질경쟁력이 제품 디자인과 고객만족사이에 교량적 역할을 담당한다. 이 분석결과는 제품 디자인에 대한 품질경쟁력의 2가지 접근방법(QFD의 접근방법과 컨조인트 분석)의 조화를 이룰 수 있는 이론적 기초가 될 수 있다. 즉, 제품디자인의 결정요인 분석결과는 QFD의 접근방법에, 제품 디자인 파급효과 분석결과는 컨조인트 분석에 각각 보완적 기여를 할 수 있다. 이와 동시에, 실증적 분석결과는 Ettlie(1997)의 디자인 통합(DI) 이론에 대한 실증적 기반을 제공할 수 있다. 마지막으로, 성공적인 디자인 경영(DM)을 위해서는 최고 경영자의 지원뿐만 아니라 부처 간 의사소통의 장애요인을 제거하고 CFT(cross-functional team)를 운영함으로써 동시적 엔지니어링(CE) 및 제품 및 공정 디자인의 개발이 제품 개발의 속도를 가속화하고 디자인 품질을 높이며 시장 성공을 보증할 수 있도록 해야 한다.임과 채팅은 긍정적인 상호관련을 가진 것으로 나타난 반면 전자메일 서비스 이용은 성적 만족과 부정적인 상호관련을 가진 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 대학생들이 지루하게 느끼거나 외로움을 느낄 때 전자메일을 주로 이용하지만 성적 만족을 위해 전자메일을 이용하지 않고 있다는 사실을 보여주는 것이다. (3) 인터넷 이용 이후 다른 미디어와 면대면 커뮤니케이션과의 관계 인터넷을 이용한 후 응답자들의 전통적인 미디어(텔레비전, 라디오, 신문, 잡지,

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2014

주거시설에서 환기횟수 0.7회 적용은 실내공기질 향상과 거주자의 쾌적성을 높이고자 100세대 이상은 의무적으로 적용하고 있다. 건축물에너지효율등급에서는 환기횟수를 기준으로한 기밀시험을 실시 하여 그결과 값을 효율등급결과치에 반영함으로서 창호주변의 정밀시공을 유도하고 침기로 인해 손실되는 에너지절감을 꾀하고 있다. 건축물엔지효율등급 현장실사 결과 환기횟수가 0.6~0.71까지 나타났으며 그차이가 에너지 절감량에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유럽의 패시브 하우스 기준이 0.6회 이하의 기밀을 요구하고 있고 우리나라도 2017년 패시브하우스, 2025년 제로하우스를 목표로 하고 있어 비주거 건물의 기밀진단의 의무확대와 고기밀 건물에 대한 연구와 시공방법이 시급한 실정이다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

Globally, the issue of aging populations has become a significant one, and while Korea is not yet in the same position as many other countries, it has been changing rapidly into an aged society. Korea will be an aged society and this will increase the problems which are associated with an aged society. So we are in the urgent situation of looking the solutions for aged society problems. On this theme, a society which is rapidly aging has a growing interest with developing solutions for suitable elderly housing. A possible model of elderly housing which accomplished this is shared housing. Shared housing is more integrated in local society, and is designed like a small-scale house concept. Also as it provides benefits for social, economical and practical to the continuance of independent life, the shared housing which gives the possibility of sustainable life in the local society is a unique housing type and not only an extension of a housing community, but also it an alternative plan of social integration. This study is one of the methods for the proposal of an alternative plan for the sustainable housing using a small group workshop. It aims to understand the housing preferences of seniors and introduce various shared housing types to a low-income senior group and offer new information of the shared housing for the future. So I give the source that senior could think about their housing plan and what is housing preference type. I anticipate that the better elderly environments, facilities and service to the elderly shared housing development in the future.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2016

Recently, many New Han-oks have been constructing in all over the country to popularize as a type of green house. But, achievement of thermal performance of external wall is still the very important issue to become popular. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the thermal performance level of modern New Han-ok through Temperature Difference Ratio inside(TDRi) analysis at corners of the external wall in Han-ok. Method: To achieve this goal, measurements were carried out in 12 Han-oks(experimental mock-up(1), exhibition Han-ok(1), happy village Han-oks(10)) by taking a infra-red thermography using thermal video system. Following are analysis items about connection joint between wall and wood columns of external wall conditions; the part between external wall and external wall(2D), external wall and ceiling(or floor)(2D), 2 external walls and ceiling(or floor)(3D) and so on. Result: It was analyzed that the probability of condensation at most of connection joint appear high and TDRi of 3D corners is higher than that of 2D corners in general. It means that the development of construction techniques about connection joint between wood columns and external wall is still required. The results of this study may be used to improve the construction technology of new Han-ok and as a basis for the specifying the desired thermal comfort environment of dwelling.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

Currently, the environmental issue is of great urgency and sensitivity to the future of our planet. Global warming caused by increased CO2 concentration has an alarming impact on the earth's fragile environment. Droughts throughout the world are causing crop failures. Wildfires now burn with far greater rage. Melting ice caps and glaciers are causing floods. Sea levels are rising. Warm unseasonable winters are threatening our fragile eco-systems. Global warming is no longer a theory; it is an obvious fact we are confronted with every day, and the only way we can prevent it is to take action now. The need to reduce CO2 emissions and try to become carbon neutral is of national importance and leadership. We have become so reliant on fossil fuels that nearly everything we do generates CO2 emissions; from our modern farming practices to transport, to the electricity used to turn on a light, boil water in a kettle or cook our meals. A reduction of 50% of CO2 emissions can easily be achieved by decreasing the energy amount used. We tracked the carbon footprint throughout the electricity and heating energy use in homes and confirmed the amount of carbon emissions according to its consumptions. In order to reduce the carbon generation from housing constructions, such as Passive House concept of buildings or low energy buildings, we must adjust its applications best fit to our conditions. And technical elements should be applied to improve our conditions, and the methodology should be actively sought. Most of all, each individual's recongnition who uses these elements is more important than any other solutions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2017

Background: "Igune," a traditional agricultural landscape in the Tohoku region of Japan, is characterized by small-scale artificial woodlots surrounding a farmer's house that are interspersed with paddy fields. During the rapid economic growth of Japan over recent decades, some igune woodlots have been abandoned or logged. Biodiversity conservation is an important issue worldwide, and traditional agricultural landscapes are of particular interest. To elucidate the role of igune landscapes in conserving biodiversity, we examined the effects of environmental factors on avian communities. Results: The study was conducted in the suburban areas of Oshu and Hanamaki cities, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, at eight sites that varied in the density and area of igune woodlots within the landscape. Bird surveys were conducted from the middle to late breeding season, and several environmental factors of the igune landscape were also measured. The results of canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the characteristics of avian communities were mainly determined by the total forested area in the landscape. Increased total forested area and shrubs layer of igune woodlots did not cause a reduction in number of bird species of any habitat and foraging types, while increased both in species number and abundance of insectivores and forest species. The number of raptor species increased in igune sites without shrubs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that maintaining igune landscapes may enhance avian diversity within this landscape, although the effects of shrubs within igune varied; developed bush communities increased the evenness of the avian community, whereas some raptor species preferred an open forest understory.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of pipe network materials and distance on system performance utilizing unused energy sources in large-scale horticulture facility. For this, the modeling was performed with a 100 m long and 100 m wide rectangular shaped glass house having an area of 1ha ($10,000m^2$) using EnergyPlus software. The heat sources considered were air source, geothermal heat, power plant waste heat, sea water heat, and river water. The temperature variation of the fluid with regard to pipe material and distance from the heat source and the resultant heat pump electricity consumptions were calculated. It turned out that the fluid temperature reaching the heat pump increased as the distance from the heat source increased in case of sea water and river water, which have higher temperatures than the surrounding soil, improving the heat pump efficiency. It was vice versa in case of the power plant waste heat. In addition, pipe material of PVC showed the smallest effect on the system performance variation due to the lowest thermal conductivity, compared to PB and HDPE.