• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.102-119
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• 2004

This study investigates the relation between the location of a habitat and the ecological connections according to the habitat type in the riparian zone at the Bokha stream. Stream habitat is classified into nine types for the aquatic insects and fish. For vegetation and birds, habitat is classified into five types of medium-scale streams, including both physical and chemical streams are analyzed accordingly. The major results of this study are as follows: 1) A pool connected to the main stream has a certain water depth (about 80 cm) and is disturbed at least 5 to 6 times a year. Although the pool has a somewhat bad water quality, it provides a habitat for various types of young fish. 2) A meander riffle is about 15 cm deep, the flow velocity in the region is about 75 cm/s. This region does not have large structures to which aquatic insects can attach, so it cannot be used as a spawning ground. 3) A rock type pool is about 60 cm deep, the flow velocity in the meander riffle is about 25 cm/s. In this region, many aquatic insects attached to large structures appear. Due to various riparian vegetation, the rock type pool is used as a habitat for aquatic insects. 4) A pool which is only connected to the main stream during floods has a bad water quality. Despite of its relatively small size, it has a high population density of aquatic insects. faculty.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

This study used the nearest feature model to connect forest patches within the western Geum River Basin. Due to many different forest patch sizes, 3 alternative methods were tested to determine the best way to establish an ecological network with forest patches. Alternative 1 used all forest patches to determine whether patches were large enough. Alternative 2 used forest patches over 10 ha in size. Alternative 3 used natural conservation indices to select forest patches containing better qualities in the natural conservation level. As a result 635 out of 724 patches of over 10 ha were selected for comparison. Alternative 1 showed that forest patches of less than 10 ha were outliers interrupting the establishment of the ecological network. They generated an unnecessary ecological network to link core areas to comparison features. The ecological network was improved by using forest patches greater than 10 ha in size(Alternative 2). Each comparison feature was much more hierarchically connected to core areas in Alternative 2 than in Alternative 1. Forest patches filtered by natural conservation indices were useful for obtaining the best ecological network. Alternative 3 clearly showed the connections in the ecological network between core areas and forest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2014

Urban Green Area has ecologically deteriorated along with quantitative loss, being developed as a dot itself rather than connected to forests and green networks around the park. The present study aims to propose a connected plan on Urban Ecological Network establishment through 'assessment of the connectivity of the entire urban parks' in accordance with distance of forest and river and 'assessment of trends in connection fragmentation of urban parks' in accordance with the past change of forest and river. According to the result of this study, criteria based on previous research was "directly linked type is less than 300m, conceptually linked type is between 300m to 1km, the isolated type is greater than 1km". And the result of 'assessment of the connectivity of the entire urban parks' is analyzed as the rate of park and green network, 41.7% in Suwon, 80.0% in Seongnam, 88.9% in Namyangju on the basis of office and field investigation. Also, according to the result of 'assessment of trends in connection fragmentation of urban parks', consideration for connection to the original forest is insufficient.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-97
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• 2024

This study aims to examine the distinctions in evaluation index items between overseas and domestic ecological area-related systems, derive analytical indicators, and assess recently completed apartment complexes before and after the implementation of overall ecological area ratios. The objective is to analyse variances in the application of ecological area characteristics, categorizing them into ecological area analysis indicators and presenting their implications. The spatial scope covers completed apartment complexes in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. Thirty-six completed apartment complexes were selected for analysis, and basic ecological area data were compiled. Subsequently, the data was utilized to categorize three analysis indicators-ecological area ratio, ecological area diversity, and ecological area connectivity-by metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, as well as by type of apartment complex (sale housing versus rental housing) and size (large-scale, medium-scale, and small-scale). Results of the analysis indicate higher ecological area ratios and greater diversity in ecological area spatial types in metropolitan areas compared to non-metropolitan areas, and in pre-sale housing complexes compared to rental housing complexes. Mediumand large-scale apartment complexes exhibit higher ecological area ratios, with ecological area diversity being more pronounced. Ecological area connectivity reveals more numerous and varied connection points and types in metropolitan areas than in non-metropolitan areas. Implications of this study suggest that large-scale development should prioritize securing ecological area ratios and diversity in apartment complexes. Enhancing biodiversity necessitates establishing connections within and beyond the ecological area network of the complex. Future research should focus on linking the ecological area network within the complex.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.245-257
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• 2013

Lately, besides promoting the biodiversity of the natural ecosystems, there is a demand for climate change mitigation features that will reduce greenhouse gases and prevent disasters that will bring damages such as torrential rains. However, there was not a lot of discussion on the soils that are key in these features. Therefore, this paper proposes a network (Gold Network) as an alternative that will solve the problem that was filed earlier by figuring out how to compose the soil environment. First, in order to maximize the ecological status and value of the soil, a soil network can be proposed through the vertical and horizontal connections of the fragmented soil. Second, there is a need to understand and research the organic system of the ecosystems as well as the complex perspective of the ecosystem services, not only the fragmentary perspectives of the soil remediation, planting improvements or the other existing elements. Third, there is a need to apply the integrated perspective of the Landscape Ecology, Ecological Engineering and Restoration Ecology for the connectivity of the soil (network) due to it being in the execution of the soil network. If a soil network was to be built, a fundamental ecological network would be realized to not only promote biodiversity but also to prepare effective adaptation to climate change.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.224-232
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• 2012

Although evolution of construction materials brought about development of modern architecture, they caused destruction of the environment and pollution. This problem is not a new one in terms of ecological esthetics and materials of sustainable architecture in light of the Eastern view of nature and this idea became a background of this study. The basic concept is to try to find out their characteristics from a perspective of ecological esthetics in relation to traditional building materials that nature, architecture, and humans coexist and live with each other to balance. Based on ecological esthetics and precedent studies on materials of traditional architecture, we investigated connections, expressive methods and characteristics in traditional residential construction space. This attempt has meanings in that it can propose a new framework of forming various viewpoints and spatial perceptions in relation to esthetics and traditional construction materials. The current study examined the characteristics by dividing them into tangible and intangible elements based on expressive features of elements of nature. The characteristics found by this process are not simply notion of physical materials, but plays a key role aesthetically and ecologically. Nature and materials take circulation of the law of nature, regulate energy, increase efficiency and play a major role in an economic way. Nature in itself becomes natural alternative energy, and plays its role in an invisible fashion. It examined how expressive characteristics of construction materials are reflected through analyzing residential space and Korean traditional garden having relationships with Eastern viewpoint of nature in relation to Korean traditional construction materials from a perspective of ecological esthetics. Findings of the above study indicate that expressive characteristics of Korean traditional construction materials from a perspective of ecological esthetics are that nature, space, humans coexist and live together and they will provide a clue to an alternative to solve ecological and environmental problems modern society will have in the future. Through this process, it provided a possibility that traditional space and materials can be succeeded in creative and new ways, and it found out the way for nature, space, and humans to coexist and a possibility of ecological esthetics. It addition, it will provide a key base as an alternative of sustainable design of the future.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.159-165
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• 2010

The composite frame system suggested in this paper consists of steel reinforced concrete beam encased with structural tee and precast concrete column. This system has advantages such as reduction of materials, CO2 emissions and waste. To commercialize the new composite frame system, it is necessary to develop connections that can effectively connect each member. Therefore, a hybrid connection that has steel type connection and reinforced concrete together is utilized to connect easily at the composite frame system. To evaluate the structural performance of the composite frame system, an experimental investigation is presented. In this study, the flexural moment capacity of the composite frame was determined using the strain compatibility approach. The strain compatibility approach can be used to predict the flexural moment capacity at each limit state. As a result, all elements of the beam to column connection are represented to fully interact between each other. The specimens show errors of -1.9% in the yield limit state and 0.9% at the maximum load limit state. Also, testing shows that beam to column connections have characteristics of semi-rigid connection as per Eurocode 3.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.145-151
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• 2010

Bearing wall system was used extensively in most multi-residential apartment buildings in Korea. However, bearing wall apartments have the lack of architectural plan flexibility, remodelling-incompatible, causing serious economic losses in terms of construction waste. Recently, many researchers have studied the use of Rahmen structure as a potential alternative. The beam-column connection in the paper for long-life apartment housing forms connection of a Rahmen structure utilizing the advantages of steel and reinforced concrete. In addition, reduction of cast-in place concrete and construction schedule is expected by using precast concrete. Reduction effect of quantity decreased construction costs and $CO_2$ emission of key construction materials. However, verifying the feasibility of new construction method entails numerous challenges. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the construction feasibility of sleeve, coupler, and pressure welding connections for long-life apartment building structure. A 3D modeling software was used to perform the analysis, and a real scale model was created to verify the results of construction feasibility. By verifying the construction feasibility of beam-column connections, this study will contribute to the efficient application of these methods on construction sites.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.185-199
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• 2012

Ecotourism has been attracting much attention as an example industry that can vitalize local economy markets and preserve natural resources. Implementation of 'Ecotourism Designation System' is under consideration to provide ecotourism products that can both emphasize the original meanings of ecotourism and ensure stronger trust from customers than ever before. This research introduced the direction, principles, subjects, and assessment indicators by subjects in terms of implementing the system and proposed fundamentals for both designation assignment and score calculation. In the face of implementing such a system in Korea, the investigation sought subjects whose target areas and programs are in need of examination. For assessment criteria by subjects, six assessment indicators were selected in the end for ecotourism sites, including: (1) the value of natural/ecological preservation (2) facility's ecological design (3) understanding both the environment and local culture (4) systems connecting local communities for cooperation (5) long/short term preservation and maintenance strategies/plans (6) willingness to further develop ecotourism and cooperative platform. In addition, seven assessment indicators were selected for program assignments, including: (1) the value of natural/ecological preservation (2) minimization of environmental effects (3) expansion of environmental understanding (4) sharing the local culture (5) vitalizing local connections and economical activities among communities (6) securing and maintaining professionality among human resources (7) odds of continuation, creativity, and aptness to improve programs. After considering the pros and cons of both categorizing system and yes/no system, implementation of categorizing system for the short term and yes/no for the long term were suggested, followed by additional suggestions of a score calculation system for each system. The official implementation of the 'Ecotourism Designation System' is scheduled for launch in 2013 after the trial operation in 2012. The assessment indicators and fundamentals suggested in this research, considering judgment, must be improved via systematic and practical methods through the trial operation.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.149-153
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• 2022

The degree distribution of the plant-pollinator network was identified by analyzing the data in the ecosystem and reproduced by a model of the growing bipartite mutualistic networks. The degree distribution of pollinator shows power law or stretched exponential distribution, while plant usually shows stretched exponential distribution. In the growth model, the plant and the pollinator are selected with probability P_p and P_A=1-P_p, respectively. The number of incoming links for the plant and the pollinator is l_p and l_A, respectively. The probability that the link of the plant selects the pollinator of the existing network given as $A_{k_i}=k^{{\lambda}_A}_i/{\sum}_i\;k^{{\lambda}_A}_i$, and the probability that the pollinator selects the plant is $P_{k_i}=k^{{\lambda}_p}_i/{\sum}_i\;k^{{\lambda}_p}_i$. When the nonlinear growth index is 𝛌_X=1 (X=A or P), the degree distribution follows a power law, and if 0≤𝛌_X<1, the degree distribution follows a stretched exponential distribution. The cumulative degree distributions of plants and pollinators of 14 empirical plant-pollinators included in Interaction Web Database were calculated. A set of parameters (P_A,P_P,l_A,l_P) that reproduces these cumulative degree distributions and a growth index 𝛌_X (X=A or P) were obtained. We found that animal takes very heterogenous connections, whereas plant takes a more flexible connection network.