• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2024

Background: Long-haul truck drivers (LHTD) experience disproportionately greater chronic disease risk, which may be influenced by both occupational and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to explore the multilevel factors associated with LHTD's diet and physical activity (PA). Methods: Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted with LHTD in the Southern California border region. Interview questions captured occupational and lifestyle factors relating to PA and diet at multiple levels and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Emergent themes relating to both diet and PA included time constraints, attitudes and perceived beliefs, and accessibility of environments to engage in PA and healthy eating. Themes specific to PA were weather conditions and flatbed job duties. Themes specific to diet included access to refrigerators/microwaves and social interactions. Conclusion: Findings from this study can inform the development of tailored, multi-level interventions to encourage PA and healthy dietary behaviors among LHTD.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.401-408
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• 2020

This study was undertaken among students majoring in Emergency Medical Technology, to comprehend the knowledge, attitudes and preventive behaviors associated with MERS. This study further provides basic data for education related to MERS prevention. A total of 167 students were enrolled in the study. Evaluation of MERS education revealed a higher number of inexperienced subjects: 74 experienced(44.3%) vs. 93 inexperienced(55.7%). Assessing the attitude items for MERS revealed that "have to wear personal protective equipment when dealing with MERS patients" ranked highest (average, 4.54 ± 0.87), whereas "washed my hands more often than usual" ranked highest (average, 3.82 ± 1.06) in the prevention items for MERS. Analyzing the correlation between attitude towards MERS and preventive behavior revealed that "canceled or delayed meeting with friends, eating out, watching sports, shopping, etc." showed that, although negatively correlated, a greater attitude showed a higher level of prevention (r=-0.63, p<0.004). Taken together, results of this study indicate the necessity to develop an education program that improves the level of education and knowledge about MERS, and to impart this education systematically and repeatedly.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.167-178
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare the meal management attitudes among the mothers(41 years of age) who had middle school students between in industrial complex and in non-industrial complex. The subjects of each group were composed of 192 mothers Living in Ansan city in Korea, and this study was performed by self-administered questionnaire. The results of the present study were as follows: (1) Monthly family income and education level of parents were lower in industrial complex-family(ICF) than in non-industrial complex-family (NICF). The mean age of mothers and family size were similar in two groups, but the frequency of mothers employed was higher in ICF than in NICF Most mothers in ICF worked as a manual- or skilled-laborer. (2) The mothers in ICF tended to have less positive attitude in sewing balanced meals to their families than those in NICF. The score of nutritional knowledge was lower in mothers in ICF than those in NICF. (3) The percentage of expense for purchasing staple foods to total expense of foods tended to be higher in ICF than in NICF. Engel's coefficient was higher, and the frequency and expense for eating out was lower in ICF than in NICF (4) The mothers in ICF did not try to use their time and energy efficiently for meal management. (5) The mothers in ICF were less active in sewing the pleasurable meals including the provision of various cooking methods, flavors, and temperatures, to their families, than those in NICF. Above findings show that family environment such as industrial complex-families and non-industrial complex-families influences the meal management attitudes of mothers. The mothers in ICF had a less positive altitudes for scientific meal managements than those in NICF even though they had the limited resources including money, time and energy for meal management because most mothers in ICF had a job that were paid low salary and finished irregularly or late. Therefore, these results underscore the need to provide the sound nutritional education for the mothers in ICF with respect to reasonable meal management for 'optimal nutrition of family'. In addition, the government should try to make the various welfare policies to improve nutritional status of low income famines including the poor industrial complex-families.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.383-391
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the food habits, eating behaviors, perception of body shape, statuses of body weight control by BMI (Body Mass Index) of 732 middle school students in Gwangju and Jeonnam. The results of this study were compared among under weight (UW), normal weight (NW), and overweight (OW) groups according to BMI levels. In the OW group, female students had low scores in eating at night only, while male students had low scores in eating at night, eating speed, and food selection. All subjects wanted more height than measured. Only male students in the UW group wanted weight loss, whereas female students in the OW and NW groups did. Higher BMI in female students resulted in more weight difference between measured and wanted. All subjects responded properly themselves in perception of body shape but the OW groups showed a big difference between their present weight and wanted weights. Higher BMI in all students corresponded to more interest in concern and experience of weight management. In the male students, the reason for weight management showed high tendency in being healthy, whereas the female students had high tendency in having a slender figure. Higher BMI in all students corresponded to bigger difference between wanted and perceived body shape. In contrast, lower BMI in all students meant more stress. Greater difference between wanted and measured weight and greater difference between wanted and perceived body shape corresponded to less satisfaction in body shape. In conclusion, compared to the NW and UW groups, the OW group had overeating habits highly linked to stress. Also the OW group didn't have desirable eating behaviors and attitudes because of their greater interest in concern and experience of weight control and stress accumulation, and finally there was difference in food habits and behaviors according to the BMI level. Therefore these results suggest that effective nutritional programs should be developed including correct body image and good dietary habits.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.288-302
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the factors related to skipping breakfast in high school girls. Methods: A survey of a total of 581 high school girls residing in Incheon was conducted. The subjects were classified into 2 groups according to the breakfast frequency: "breakfast skipping" group (eating breakfast ≤ 2 times/week, n = 250) and "breakfast eating" group (eating breakfast ≥ 3 times/week, n = 331). This study compared the general characteristics, lifestyles, interest in weight control and beauty care, food habits, the reasons and symptoms of skipping breakfast, as well as the attitude toward breakfast between the 2 groups. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 16.5 years old. Approximately, 33.9%, 33.6%, and 32.5% of the subjects were in first grade, second grade, and third grade, respectively, with no significant difference between the 2 groups. The breakfast skipping group showed a high interest in weight control, and beauty care than the breakfast eating group. The breakfast skipping group consumed more afternoon snacks and late-night snacks, and ate dinner irregularly. Although the breakfast skipping group experienced the negative effects of skipping breakfast, they showed low recognition for the importance or role of breakfast. The most common reason for skipping breakfast was lack of time, which appears to be related to the late wake-up time and the time spent on make-up or beauty-care. Conclusion: Skipping breakfast by high school girls was related to a high interest in beauty care, irregular meals and low attitude toward the importance of breakfast for health and nutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct nutrition education to change the perceptions and attitudes of female adolescents regarding the importance of breakfast by recognizing that breakfast can affect not only balanced nutrition and health, but also healthy physical beauty.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.318-332
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral modification of obese adults who underwent nutritional and physical activity education. Twenty obese females, aged 20-60 years old, with BMIs (Body Mass Index) >30 or body fat (%) >40 were subjected to this study. Methods: The physical activity education program consisted of doing exercise in a gymnasium together or home exercise. Dietary attitudes and dietary intakes were assessed using weight control, physical activity, and eating habits. The nutrition-exercise educational period was 12 weeks. Results: After the study period, there was significant improvement in physical activity and eating habits score. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the dietary intakes of fiber, iron, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$, and niacin. Blood pressure, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels showed a tendency to decrease, but there was no significant difference. BMI, fat mass, abdominal circumference, and visceral fat levels were significantly reduced while muscle mass significantly increased. Conclusions: This study suggests that behavioral modification by nutrition and physical activity education with feedback has positive effects on dietary intake and anthropometric biomarkers in obese adults. Therefore, lifestyle interventions of this kind could be recommended as a method for obesity management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.224-235
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• 2009

This study aimed to research meal quality and the dietary behaviors of college students for desirable dietary lives and provides basic data for nutritional education by examining polymorphism distribution of the UCP2 gene according to gender, by investigating attitudes in terms of their dietary habits and dietary lives, and by analyzing serum lipid levels and body composition. A survey was conducted with a total of 222 students - 93 male and 129 females. Based on a selfreporting method, the questionnaires were answered over 20 minutes, and UCP2 insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and blood samples were also analyzed. The results showed that the male students and female students had average BMI of 22.50 and $20.73\;kg/m^2$, respectively. According to answers regarding their dietary lives, 51.4% of the students showed 'irregular eating' patterns, which is regarded as something to be corrected. In terms of eating regularity, 51.6% of the male students and 59.7% of the female students had irregular meal schedules. As the most important meal of a day, 64.0% of the students answered 'breakfast' but only 53.6% answered that they ate breakfast everyday. In addition, 39.8% of the male students and 50.4% of the female students ate between meals 'once a day'. When questioned if they were satisfied with their body shape, 17.8 and 45.2% of the male students answered they were 'satisfied' or needed to 'gain weight', respectively, whereas 17.8 and 77.5% of the female students answered they were 'satisfied' or needed to 'lose weight', respectively. The results of the UCP2 gene polymorphism analysis showed that 33.7% of the males belonged to the DI heterozygote group, 64.2% belonged to the DD homozygote group, and 2.1% belonged to the II homozygote group. For the female students, 63.4% belonged to the DI heterozygote group, 35.1% belonged to the DD homozygote group, and 1.5% belonged to the II homozygote group. According to the blood and serum lipid analyses, the male students showed average HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and hemoglobin levels of 57.20, 93.80, and 15.00 mg/dL, respectively, while the female students presented average levels of 56.69, 102.88, and 13.13 mg/dL, respectively. In conclusion, this study found no significant effects in terms of UCP2 gene polymorphisms, but it is suggested that practical plans must be designed that allow college students to use nutritional knowledge in their daily lives, and in particular, nutrition education needs to be develop that would enable female college students to recognize their bodies appropriately and to control their weight in desirable ways.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.318-327
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• 2008

This study examined the cultural dietary habits as well as attitudes toward food, within other life pattern elements, of students living in Gwangju City and Chonnam Province, Korea. Questionnaires from 1,000 student respondents were analyzed. The survey consisted of questions regarding physical condition and health status, dietary consciousness, food preference, knowledge of food and nutrition, and dietary culture. The results showed that 1.6% of the students considered their own physical condition to be extremely poor, and 2.7% and 2.1% also considered their father's and mother's physical conditions as extremely poor, respectively. Among the respondents, 18.3% were smokers and consumed an average of 14.8 cigarettes per day. With regard to their dietary habits, the students answered that they preferred to eat meals with friends rather than with family members, fruit was chosen for eating over health food supplements, and there was very little participation or interest in various food and cultural festivals. The female students had a tendency to alleviate mental stresses by eating, while the male students performed more physical activity to deal with stress. The female students also preferred cereal, fruit, fast food, and sweetened foods more than the male students. Between the smokers and non-smokers, significantly more non-smokers chose fruit (p<0.01), ethnic foods (p<0.05), and sweetened foods (p<0.05) as compared to the smokers. Body mass index (BMI) had significant positive correlations with soft drink (p<0.01), health food supplement (p<0.01), and alcoholic beverage (p<0.001) consumption, while BMI was negatively correlated with cereal (p<0.01), fruit (p<0.001), and sweetened food (p<0.01) intake. The health status of students was positively correlated with their father's health status (p<0.01), mother's health status (p<0.001), and BMI (p<0.05), as well as cereal (p<0.001), high protein side dish (p<0.01), fruit (p<0.01), vegetable (p<0.01), and traditional food (p<0.001) intake. The average body weight for female students was approximately 5 kg less than the Korean Nutrition Society's standardized weight, therefore, it is strongly recommended that measures be taken to develop a systematic nutrition education program that would help those students who often unintentionally skip breakfast or go on extreme diets to improve body image.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in daily nutrient intakes, dietary habits and nutrition knowledge between male and female college students. Male undergraduate students 004 subjects) and female undergraduate students (229 subjects) , enrolled at H University in Daejeon, were recruited for this study. The mean age of the subjects was 22.9 year in male and 20.4 year in female students. Daily intakes of energy and nutrients were calculated from the records of one day of dietary food intakes by 24-hour recall method, and general information, dietary habits and attitudes, food intake frequency and food preferences and knowledge for food and nutrition were surveyed through a questionnaire. About $70.1\%$ of male and $66.1\%$ of female students were in the normal range of BMI (18.5 - 23), and $25.2\%$ of male students were over-weighted in contrast to $27.7\%$ of female students were underweight. Males and females were taking $77.2\%$ and $77.9\%$ of RDA for energy, respectively, and $54.8\%$ of male and $48.0\%$ of female students were taking energy under $75\%$ of RDA. Many of them showed deficient intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A and riboflavin. Average of MAR was 0.75 in male and 0.72 in female students. NAR for calcium, iron, vitamin A and riboflavin in male students were 0.55, 0.69,0.75 and 0.61, respectively, compared to 0.53, 0.51, 0.70 and 0.67 in female students. The nutrients, which have INQ less than 1, were calcium and riboflavin in male, compared to calcium, iron, and riboflavin in female students. There were no gender differences in meal regularity and meal skipping rates, but female students showed higher rates of skipping dinner than males (p < 0.001) About $50.8\%$ of female students were ingesting snacks 1 - 2 time/day, compared to $27.1\%$ of male students. For the food intake frequency, fruit group was significantly eating more for female than male students (p< 0.001) Though female students got higher scores for nutritional knowledge test (p < 0.001) than male students, they did not show better dietary habits or dietary attitudes than male students actually. Therefore, a more active and actual education program accustomed to the different genders and ages with focus on real changing of dietary behaviors needs to be developed and run in schools and local departments.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.125-133
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analysis of the difference between dementia policy perception, dementia knowledge, dementia attitude and dementia prevention behavior of middle-aged. The subjects were 217 middle-aged in their 40 to 64 years old who lived in D and G cities. The mean sore of were dementia policy perception 75.42±8.52, dementia knowledge 8.71±1.90, dementia attitude 28.55±5.10, dementia prevention behavior 27.04±3.35. Dementia knowledge were significant differences in gender, number of diseases, source of dementia information. Dementia attitudes were significant differences in gender, age, education, dementia in family, dementia living together, job status, early examination, source of dementia information. Dementia prevention behavior were significant difference in dementia living together and early examination. The most category of dementia prevention behavior was 'cigarette smoking(Inverse question)', and blood pressure and diabetes management' were the lowest. Therefore, development of a professional and systematic dementia education program to raise the awareness of dementia policy among middle-aged adults and form the right dementia knowledge and positive dementia attitude. Development of customized dementia prevention behavior programs to maintain cognitive activities, social activities, proper eating habits, and health care is needed.