• 대기
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2018

In this study, we investigate the performance of Global Seasonal Forecasting System version 5 (GloSea5) in Korea Meteorological Administration on the relationship between El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ and East Asian climate for the period of 1991~2010. It is found that the GloSea5 has a great prediction skill of El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ whose anomaly correlation coefficients of $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ indices are over 0.96 during winter. The eastern Pacific (EP) El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ and the central Pacific (CP) El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ are considered and we analyze for EP El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$, which is well simulated in GloSea5. The analysis period is divided into the developing phase of El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ summer (JJA(0)), mature phase of El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ winter (D(0)JF(1)), and decaying phase of El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ summer (JJA(1)). The GloSea5 simulates the relationship between precipitation and temperature in East Asia and the prediction skill for the East Asian precipitation and temperature varies depending on the El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ phase. While the precipitation and temperature are simulated well over the equatorial western Pacific region, there are biases in mid-latitude region during the JJA(0) and JJA(1). Because the low level pressure, wind, and vertical stream function are simulated weakly toward mid-latitude region, though they are similar with observation in low-latitude region. During the D(0)JF(1), the precipitation and temperature patterns analogize with observation in most regions, but there is temperature bias in inland over East Asia. The reason is that the GloSea5 poorly predicts the weakening of Siberian high, even though the shift of Aleutian low is predicted. Overall, the predictability of precipitation and temperature related to El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ in the GloSea5 is considered to be better in D(0)JF(1) than JJA(0) and JJA(1) and better in ocean than in inland region.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.105-120
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• 2011

해자란 성벽 외곽에 파 놓은 못 또는 물길로 적이 성벽에 직접 접근할 수 없도록 하거나 이를 경계로 공간을 구분하고자 설치된 시설의 하나로, 고대로부터 중세에 이르기까지 동 서양에서 존재하였으나 현재는 사라져 가고 있다. 그러나 군사적 방어 기능으로부터 공간을 구분하는 경계 수단으로, 지반을 다지는 중요한 역할을 하였으며, 역사적으로 고대로부터 중세, 유럽, 아시아, 미국 등에서 존재하였다. 또한 해자는 물을 이용한 다양한 문화 활동과 동물들의 서식처 장소를 제공하는 등 역사와 문화적 가치가 큰 공간임에도 불구하고, 복원 계획에 있어 해자의 복원에 대한 고려가 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 동 서양 해자의 역사와 문화적 의미를 해석하여 고대로부터 중세에 이르기까지 존재했던 해자 문화에 대한 이해를 높이고자 하는 연구로 해자의 기원, 시대적 고찰, 사상적 배경, 서양 해자의 역사와 문화, 동양의 한국, 중국, 일본 해자에 대하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라의 해자는 고구려 도성뿐만 아니라 신라, 백제의 도성에 모두 존재하였으며, 천연의 해자인 넓은 강을 끼고 적들이 기어오르기 힘든 산 능선을 따라 성을 쌓은 자연적 해자와 성벽 밖에 인공적 해자를 설치하여 적의 접근을 방지하였다. 또한 고려시대와 조선시대에도 해자를 방어적 기능으로 활용하였다. 2. 해자의 설치는 성벽에서 일정한 간격을 두고 넓고 깊게 파는 것이 보통이며, 성의 외곽에만 있는 것이 아니라 내부에도 시설이 설치되었는데, 성 밖에 있는 해자는 방어력을 높이는 것 외에도 지반을 다지는데 중요한 역할을 하였다. 또한 해자는 물이 있어 접근을 제한하며, 낮은 벽이나 담장은 경계를 물리적으로 분리시키지만 해자는 열린 공간으로 시각적 특성을 살려 경계 및 방어 수단을 가지면서 멀리 떨어진 산봉우리나 근처의 나무도 정원 안으로 차경할 수 있게 한다. 3. 낙안읍성은 풍수지리적으로 청룡(동천)의 기가 드센 관계로 청룡의 흐름을 "S"자로 꺾어 흐르게 함으로써 기를 꺾을 수 있었으며, 몽촌토성은 해자의 복원으로 공원에 풍부한 수경 요소를 제공하는 경관요소로 활용하였다. 성을 둘러싸고 있는 해자는 자연이라는 진경 속에 선조들의 삶과 문화가 공간 속에 설득력 있게 배어든 역사와 문화적 경관이 표상이다. 4. 중국의 자금성 성벽은 찹쌀에 흙을 반죽하여 다져 넣어 매우 견고하며, 해자의 폭은 52m, 깊이는 6m로 자금성 성벽을 에워싸고 있어 적의 접근을 차단할 수 있었다. 5. 일본의 해자는 도시에 있어 수로 역할을 하였으며, 보트놀이, 배낚시, 레스토랑 등의 레저시설이 설치되어 도시민들의 스트레스를 해소하고 삶의 활력을 불어 넣을 수 있었다. 6. 한국의 해자는 중국의 자금성, 일본의 에도성, 오사카성보다 규모가 작으며 동양의 해자는 왕궁이나 읍성을 보호하기 위해 해자를 설치하였으나, 서양에서는 왕이나 영주, 대저택, 부호들의 저택 등을 보호하기 위해 해자를 설치하였다.

• 복식
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• 제15권
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• pp.177-194
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• 1990

Koh(袴) was a type of dress worn on the lower part of the body which was commonly used in the Northeast Asia. It was originally used by the Northern race for the need of nomadism or hunting. The origin of the Koh which appeared in the area would be found from the trousers of the Huns who influenced in the Northeast Asia, and became in the part of the Scythian culture. The Scythians are the nomadizing race inhabited in the Northern Caucasas on the wast of the Black Sea and influenced on the inland Eurasian steppe as the first typical horse-riding race. The objectives of Koh which had been worn in the Scythian, Mongolia, Korea as well as Japan as a part of Dongho dress and ornaments and to contemplate the transmission process by cultural exchange among different races for the period from 4th century to 7th century. 1. The Origination of the Koh The Koh was originated by the environmental factor to protect the cold in the North but also from the heat in the South, and was changed and developed as gradually satisfying to the needs of the times. In the Northeast Asia the Koh was in the class of the Northern Chinese garment, and was used widely by the horse riding Scythians who moved widely from the Eurasian inland to Japan. The oldest original which could reflect the type of the Northern clothes was a pair of trousers discovered in the Huns remains of Noin Ula. This showed the exact form of hunting clothes and had a similar form with the Korean female tro-users. Since the same form of trousers drawn on the wall painting of which was excavated 4-5th century ancient Koguryo(高句麗) tomb was the same form the trousers of Noin Ula seemed to be the original form of Koh in the Northeast Asia. 2. The Chinese Trousers It was the time of the King Mooryung(武靈王) in the Cho(趙) Dynasty B.C. 3th century that the trousers used regularly in China. However, the Koh had been used as undergarment which functioned for the protection of the cold not the horseriding garment. The trousers seemed to be not very obviously shown off since the Poh (袍) was long, but mainly used by the people from lower class. As people learned the adapted the trousers. It was essential for the times of war and quarrel. The king himself started wearing the Koh. The Chinese trousers were influenced by the Huns, the Northern clothes of the Scythian culture, and similar to the Korean clothes. 3. The Korean Trousers Korean was a race bared from the Eastern foreign group. It was obvious that the clothes was Baji-Jeogori(바지 저고리), the garment of the Northern people. This had the same form of the Scythian dress and ornaments which was excavated from the Mongolian Noin Ula. The Scythian dress and ornaments were influenced from the Ancient West Asia Empire and transmitted to the Northeast Koguryu by the horseriding Scythian. The trousers were kept in the traditional style by the common people in Korea were transmitted to Japan which were for behind in cultural aspect, as well as got used to the Chinese as the efficient clothes though active cultural exchange. 4. The Japanese Trousers The ancient Japanese clothes were influenced by the Southern factor but not the form of the Koh. As the Korean people group was moving towards Japan and conquer the Japanese in the 4-5th century, however, North Altaic culture was formed and at the same time the clothes were also developed. The most influenced clothes at this time were those of Baekge(百濟) and the trousers form called Euigon became the main form. Because of the climatic regional factor, it was tied not at the ankle but under the knee. From the view the ancient Japanese clothes disappeard about that time, it could be due to the conquest of the culturally superior race but not the transmission of the culture. In the latest 7th century both the Chinese and Japanese dress forms were present, but the Dongho(東胡) dress and its ornament from Korea was still the basic of the Japanese dress form.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.328-346
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• 2012

본 연구는 한반도의 신제3기 이후 융기 운동에 관한 발생 요인을 탐구하고자 육상의 고해수준 기록들과 북동 아시아 일대의 심발 지진 자료를 분석하였다. 지구조적으로 한반도를 포함한 북동 아시아의 동쪽 연변부는 태평양 판, 필리핀해 판 그리고 유라시아 판이 함께 경계하는 복잡한 서태평양 섭입대의 후배호 지역에 위치하고 있다. 서태평양 섭입대의 지진 자료 분석은 한반도의 융기 패턴이 서태평양 섭입판의 활동과 관련된 심발 지진의 발생 범위를 잘 반영하고 있다. 지구과학 제 분야의 기존 연구 성과들을 종합적으로 고찰해 볼 때, 한반도를 비롯한 동북 아시아 동연변부 해안 지역을 따라 나타나는 대륙 융기 현상은 서태평양 섭입대의 맨틀 하강에 의해 발생하는 소규모의 맨틀 대류에 의해 진행되고 있는 것으로 판단되며, 융기 운동의 시작 시기는 마이오세(ca. 23 Ma) 이후의 시기로 판단 된다. 한편, 한반도 내에서 확인되는 동-서 그리고 북-남 방향의 최대 압축 응력들은 판 경계 응력에 대응하는 현생 응력 체계와 잘 일치한다. 이는 판 경계 응력에 대응한 암석권 최상부의 지각 변형이 또한 최근 수 백 만년의 시간 내에서 한반도의 융기를 가속시키는 것으로 보여진다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

중국은 1970년대 후반 개방개혁정책과 더불어 급속한 경제성장을 이루어왔다. 중국 경제성장은 초기에 동남부 연해지역을 중심으로 시작되어 2000년대부터는 상대적으로 경제가 낙후된 서부 및 동북부 지역으로 확산되었다. 특히 2013년 시진핑의 '일대일로' 이니셔티브는 중국의 대외진출 전략인 동시에 이들 지역발전을 위한 중요한 계기를 마련해주고 있다. 내륙항은 내륙지역의 물류중심지로서 해양항만과 연계 및 주변 내륙국가로의 접근성을 강화시키는 데 결정적인 역할을 한다. 따라서 중국의 동북부 및 서부지역의 해외시장 진출 및 자원확보를 위해 다수의 내륙항이 개발 및 운영되고 있다. 본 연구는 일대일로 이니셔티브에서 내륙항의 역할과 발전을 전망해 보는 데 목적이 있다. 결론적으로 일대일로 이니셔티브에서 내륙항의 역할은 더욱 증대될 것이며 이에 대응하여 내륙항의 발전 역시 일대일로 이니셔티브에서 중추적 역할을 하게 될 것이다. 따라서 우리나라 기업은 중국 내륙항의 개발 및 운영에 참여할 수 있는 방안의 수립을 적극적으로 고려해야 할 것이며, 이는 중국, 러시아, 중앙아시아, 동유럽 지역으로 시장을 확대해 나가는 데 좋은 기회를 제공할 것이다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.387-407
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• 2005

This paper is to study globalization motives and strategies of Japanese and Korean industries by analyzing the causes and patterns of foreign direct investment (FDI) of the firms of the two countries during the 1980s and 1990s. First we develop a FDI function from the profit maximizing model of firms. Then we use regression analysis to determine internally driving-out factors and externally-inducing factors. Japanese FDI strategy has gone through three different stages; from natural resource-seeking investment in the 1950s and 1960s to market-expansion investment in the 1970s and 1980s and to a combination of cost-reducing (low-cost labor-seeking) investment and market-penetrating investment in the 1990s. On the other hand, Korean FDI behavior has gone through four different stages; from the learning stage with small investments in the 1970s, to natural resource-seeking investment in the early and mid 1980s, to the growth stage in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, to the maturity stage of the mid and late 1990s. The last two stages were characterized by a combination of cost-reducing investment and market-seeking investment. As a late comer, Korea began its FDI two decades later than Japan, but caught up the patterns of Japanese FDI by the mid 1990s and is in a competing position with Japan. Our findings show that both Japanese FDI and Korean FDI in Asia and other developing countries tendto be in labor-intensive sectors where their firms are losing their comparative advantages at home. The main motive for FDI into these regions is low-cost resource seeking. On the other hand, both Japanese FDI and Korean FDI in the U.S. and Europe tend to be knowledge-intensive sectors where Japanese and Korean firms attempt to internalize transaction and information costs by globalizing its production. The main motive for FDI into these regions is market-seeking. Firms in both countries have increased their investments in Mexico and Western and Eastern Europe in order to penetrate large economic blocs such as the EU and NAFTA area. Korean firms are more aggressive in expanding into new and untested markets than are their counterpart in Japan. Evidence of this can be seen in the scarcity of Japanese FDI and abundance of Korean FDI in Eastern Europe and China.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.549-574
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• 2007

이 논문의 목적은 한국의 환경정책을 간략하게 개관하고 한국의 환경적 지속가능성을 잘 알려진 지속가능성지수에 비추어 평가하고 동아시아 주요국들과 비교해 보고자 하는 것이다. 한국의 환경정책에 대한 개관과 평가는 주로 정부의 "Green Vision 21", "Green Korea 2005", 그리고 OECD의 Environmental Performance Review : Korea 2006에 나온 내용을 근거로 한 것이다. 한국의 지속가능성을 동아시아 다른 나라들과 비교한 부분은 EF, ESI, SPI, EVI 등 잘 알려진 환경적 지속가능성 지수를 인용하여 비교해 본 것이다. 그러나 이러한 지수들을 국가간 비교에 적용해 보려고 시도해 본 결과는 이들 지수들이 국가간 그리고 시점간 비교 가능성을 결여하고 있다는 것이었다. 그리고 이들 지수들은 지속가능성이란 개념을 충실히 반영하여 환경적 지속가능성을 측정할 수 있도록 구성되어 있지 않다는 점이 지적되었다. 그러므로 우리는 환경적 지속가능성의 개념을 비교적 충실히 반영하고 있다고 생각되는 세계은행이 제시한 'genuine saying'의 개념에 입각한 '지속가능량' 지수에 착안하여 이를 한국과 한국의 주요 무역대상국에 대해 계산하고 비교해 본 다음, 이 지수의 1985~1995년 기간중 변화 요인을 분석한 결과를 간단하게 제시해 보이고 그 함의를 설명함으로써 대안을 제시해보고자 하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.271-298
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• 1998

During these days of new understanding, western medicine has developed remarkably and a revaluation of traditional medicine has been achieved. This appears to have resulted from the sound criticisms of what western medicine has achieved up to now; excessive subdivisions of clinical medicine, severe toxicity of chemical drugs, lack of understanding about patients complaints which cannot be understood objectively, and etc. It is thought that the role of traditional medicine will be more important in the future than it is now. Someone said that the research methods of traditional medicine depends on the way of experimental science too much. That there was no consideration of a system for traditional medicine and the critic also went so far as to assert that in some cases the characteristics of eastern ideas is to permit irrationalism itself. In view of this thinking, the term traditional medicine seems to have been used somewhat too vaguely. However, traditional medicine is a medical treatment which has existed since before the appearance of modern medicine and it was formed from a traditional culture with a long history. One form of traditional medicine, oriental medicine based upon ancient Chinese medicine, was received in such countries as Korea, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Tibet, and Mongolia. Oriental medicine then developed in accordance with its own environment, race, national characteristics, and history. Although there are some simultaneous differences between them, three nations in Eastern Asia; Korea, Japan, and China, have especially similar features in their clinical prescriptions and medical literature. These three nations are trying to understand each others unique traditional medicines through numerous exchanges. Even though many differences in their ways of studying have developed over history exist, recent academic discussions have been made to explore new ways into oriental medicine. Therefore a comparative study of oriental medicine has gradually been thought to be more important. In Korea the formation of a new future-oriented paradigm for oriental medicine is being demanded. The purpose of the new paradigm is to create a new recognition of traditional culture which creates an understanding of oriental medicine to replace the diminished understanding of oriental medicine that was brought about by the self-denial of traditional culture in modem history and cultural collisions between oriental and occidental points of view. Therefore, to make a new paradigm for oriental medicine which is suitable for these days, and fortifies the merit of oriental medicine while compensating its defects, the author has compared the characteristics of oriental medicines in Korea, Japan, and China. The conclusions of this research are as follows: 1. The fundamental differences of the traditional medicines of these three nations are caused by the differences in the systems of Naekyung and Sanghannon. 2. The pattern-identification of illnesses is generally divided into two categories; the pattern identification of Zang-Fu and the pattern identification of prescription. 3. There are many differences in the definition of terms, such as Yin and Yang, Deficiency and Excess, and etc. 4. Chinese traditional medicine has some new concepts about pattern identification and epidemic febrile disease. 5. Japanese traditional medicine has some characteristics about pattern identification of the whole bodys condition and signs of abdominal palpation. 6. In terms of the effects of herbal drugs, Chinese traditional medicine attaches great importance to the experiential efficacy of the herb, and Japanese traditional medicine is taking a serious view of the effects of experimental medical actions.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

Purpose - The Visegrád Group cooperation of the past 14 years and that of V4 for the past 20 years has very important significance in the 21st century that must be maintained. This cooperation is valuable because of the trade routes that connect northern Poland to the Balkans in southern Croatia, which forman important basis for the resuscitation of Central European development. Currently, because of the European manufacturing base and industrial development, an energy supply and stable energy distribution networks have been introduced to secure cooperation and not competition within the Visegrád Group. This paper's research emphasizes the supply chain hub in neighboring countries. Although Central and Eastern European countries are small, they can provide a competitive response to Western Europe if they collaborate with the V4 group and other countries. Research design, data, and methodology - The subjects of this study in the Visegrád Group area are related to the development of Marketing and Distribution Sciences in the integrated European Union. In relation to the existing energy infrastructure, construction companies and financial institutions benefit from large-scale construction projects. Existing or new infrastructure facilities among the V4 must comply with the preconditions of regional energy markets. The network of emerging markets is changing into a European-logistics hub of new markets. This hub is closely associated with the economic development of European self-sustainment given that energy for distribution and consumption is imported from Russia. Therefore, this paper indirectly provides data on the regional distribution of energy as alternative bases in Europe for market expansion to Asia. Results - As a result, it appeared unlikely that V4 failed to implement homogeneity following the standards of Western Europe, as proposed by the EU. Throughout European history, individuals have gathered in Central Europe as an innovation hub. Currently, the region is being established independently for energy industrial development and not for tourism development, and is expected to play a central role in innovation and distribution consumption. Therefore, similar to Western and Northern Europe, V4 only appears to engage in distribution consumption on the basis of the identity that it formed for itself. This area is expected to either create a regional platform or a voice over a single economic policy. Conclusions - To this end, regarding the distribution of consumer groups within and outside the region, the V4 group is expected to be established for various policy areas and as a Eurasian outpost of trade and distribution logistics. In addition, given its purpose of engaging in the distribution of energy cooperation and trade clusters, the Visegrád Group will be in charge of the center axis of the bridge for distribution logistics trading partners from the Western Balkans to Caucasus and Eastern Europe. Thus, the Visegrád Group is entering this region as a platform for market share by enabling all or any investor can gain greater industrial benefits.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.26-31
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• 2003

Korean Ginseng is a medicinal herb which grows naturally in korea. an ancient country situated in north-eastern Asia. Its medical use was already well known to herb doctors in this region about five thousand years ago since the effectiveness of korean ginseng has been recognized through practical use for a long time. Korean Ginseng has always been regarded as a devine cure. The name "Ginseng" can be found in various medicinal books. many of which were written as early as B.C. 100. In the records of many chinese medical books. dating from the inception of publishing, it was noted that Korean Ginseng was of the highest level of quality. Korean Ginseng originally grew in the mountains of korea. However, this wild Korean Ginseng(js called SANSAM) could not meet the ever-increasing demands. and from the 16th century. it has been cultivated on farms for mass processing and supplying in korea(js called INSAM). It was already recognized in korea a long time ago(B.C. 57 - A.D. 668) that Korean Ginseng possessed the qualities of panacea, tonic and rejuvenator, and had other medicinal properties as well. The effectiveness of Korean Ginseng is widely recognized among south-eastern Asians as well as Chinese. As its effect has been proved scientifically. Korean Ginseng is now becoming the ginseng for all human beings in the world. Korean ginseng is differently called according to processing method. Dried thing is Insam(white ginseng), boiled or steamed is Hongsam(red ginseng). 장뇌삼(long headed ginseng) is artificially grown in the mountain no in field for a long time. So the body is thin and some long. but ingredients are concentrated. Korean wild ginseng(SANSAM) is rare in these days but we developed cosmetic ingredient. The scientific name of Korean Ginseng is Panax Ginseng. It has acknowledge as a natural mysterious cure among the notheastern peoples. because of its broad medicinal application. The origin of the word" Panax" derived from panacea. a Greek word meaning cure-all. According to the classification method of herb medicines in the Chinese medicinal book. "God-Farmer Materia Medica(A.D. 483-496) korean Ginseng was described as the superlative drug: panacea. tonic and rejuvenator. We studied skin immunological effect. collagen synthesis. cell growth and whitening effect of SANSAM extract. IN cosmetics.. SANSAM extract had skin fibroblast cell growth effect. recover damaged skin in the sun and protect fine wrinkle. Also. In hair product.. inhibits hairless, white hair.its hairless, white hair.