• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2017

This paper presented a method of designing low-power feedback active noise control filter optimized for headphones/earphones. Using constrained optimization, we obtained a high order FIR noise control filter to ensure reasonable noise attenuation performance at high sampling frequency environment. Then using infinite impulse response (IIR) approximation method called Balanced Model Truncation (BMT), we obtained a low order IIR noise control filter suitable for low-power digital signal processing system like headphones/earphones. For further performance improvement, we utilized frequency warping method so that we could obtain more accurately approximated IIR filter and we ensured system stability by reconstructing the low order IIR filter in form of cascaded second order IIR filters. ANC simulation with white noise and stability test verified that the proposed algorithm had superior attenuation performance and better robustness compared to the conventional algorithm.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.135-152
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• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the user experience of hearable devices for seniors and suggest possible development directions. A literature review, case study, and in-depth interviews were conducted. Based on the literature review, convenience, accessibility, transmissibility, wearability, aesthetics, and interest were determined as the user experience factors of hearable devices. Then, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 participants aged 60 or older regarding four devices. Participants tried four different types of wireless earphones which were selected based on a case study: open-type, kernel-type, neckband-type, and earring-type. Regarding convenience, the participants preferred to carry small devices and regarding accessibility, participants responded positively for most product types. For transmissibility and wearability, there were differences depending on whether devices were put on correctly, but the participants preferred products that did not wholly block external sounds. For aesthetics, participants preferred small and cutting-edge designs. Interest was noticeable among those who had not used the devices before, and for stability, the neckband-type was the most preferred. Based on the results we suggest designing small cutting-edge designs and button-type assist devices, not blocking the external sound, providing a participation program, simplifying device functions, and establishing a method that can be combined with and stored in clothes and a delivery method that can signal danger.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.172-187
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• 2022

In the era of 'Experience Economy' user experience has emerged as a core value of a product, affecting the sustainability of the product and the long-term market viability. However, studies on product user experience factors (PUX factors) that affect the sustainability of the product still limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the PUX factors and the continuance usage intention with wireless earphones, which is a wearable product that is widely used to enjoy music in everyday life. The study uses three types of wireless earphones as the target product to insight into the differentiation of this relationship represents in different types of product. The research process consisted of four steps: 1) "Investigation on the current status of wireless earphones market", 2) "User survey and derivation of PUX factors", 3 "Analyzing the relationship between PUX factors and continuance usage intention", 4) "Output of analysis results and direction of product experience design". Through this research process, it was found that the core PUX factors that influence product sustainability were different depending on the type of wireless earphone. According to the differentiation of the core PUX factors, a variety of design methods for improving product experience and product sustainability was presented.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.23-33
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• 2023

Consumer review analysis is important for product development, customer satisfaction, competitive advantage, and effective marketing. Increased use of wireless earphones is expected to reach $45.7 billion by 2026 with growth in lifestyle. Therefore, in consideration of the growth and importance of the market, consumer reviews of wireless earphones from Apple and Samsung were analyzed. In this study, 11,320 wireless earphone reviews from Apple and Samsung sold on Coupang were collected to analyze consumers' purchase intentions and analyze consumer satisfaction through analysis of the frequency, sensitivity, and LDA topic model of text mining. As a result of topic modeling, 16 topics were derived and classified into sound quality, connection, shopping mall service, purchase intention, battery, delivery, and price. As a result of brand comparison, Samsung purchased a lot for gift purposes, had a high positive sentiment for price, and Apple had a high positive sentiment for battery, sound quality, connection, service, and delivery. The results of this study can be used as data for related industries as a result of research that can obtain improvements and insights on customer satisfaction, quality and market trends, including manufacturing, retail, marketers, and consumers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.395-396
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• 2016

기존에 중국에 출시된 대부분의 무선 이어폰들은 일반 이어폰보다 크고 무거워 휴대하기가 조금 부담스러운게 단점이다. 본 연구는 기존에 출시된 무선이어폰의 디자인선호도 조사를 통하여 향후 디자인방향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구결과, 소비자들이 선호하는 형태는 목에 걸기 편하고 착용이 용이하다는 장점과 음질에 대한 기술적 구현이 가장 뛰어난 일체커널형으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate usage of earplones, PCPs, and to give the basic data for adolescent's hearing health education. The study was a descriptive research about three factors affecting hearing loss; the knowledge and attitude about noise, the perception of hearing loss. Method: For research purposes, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 1,480 high school students in Suwon, from 27 October 2007 to 31 2007. Result: Most of the subjets used PCPs for 3-5 years, the average time of using earphones per day was 1-3 hours, awake hearing acuity decrease after using is the hearing acuity became worse some, PCPs type is MP3, use place house, listening contents ballade, disorder condition experience after using if the ear it is sick. The average of concern about hearing scored the highest 3.01${\pm}$0.54. The average of perceived susceptibility scored 3.04${\pm}$0.63 and the average of knowledge about noise scored 2.76${\pm}$0.46. The average of total knowledge and attitude about noise scored 2.93${\pm}$0.52. The average of discomfort of hearing loss(2.20${\pm}$0.63) scored higher than that fear of hearing loss(1.66${\pm}$0.30). The average of total perception of hearing loss scored 2.12${\pm}$0.67. Conclusion: At least in this study are shown in the youth earphone, PCPs used as a spare because of the seriousness of the issue, so as a result of these problems related to hearing about the youth campaign, through advertising or seriousness of the young people need them. In addition, countries also need to create policies and the support for health education, especially during the regular curriculum subjects on subjects that include teenagers in the earphone, PCPs due to problems with spare on the contents of the reservoir. The severity of hearing loss young people, prevention of hearing to protect the youth.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.505-506
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• 2004

이어폰과 헤드폰의 성능 향상을 위해서는 특성에 대한 정확한 측정과 평가가 요구된다. 이어폰과 헤드폰은 room 과 같은 acoustic channel 을 거치지 않고 청취자의 귀에 직접 소리가 전달되며 ear canal 특성이 포함되기 때문에 스피커와는 다른 기준이 필요하다. 그러나 사람 귀의 canal 특성은 개인에 따른 편차가 심하여 정확한 측정 및 성능 평가에 어려움이 따른다. 본 논문에서는 이어폰과 헤드폰의 특성을 측정하는 적절한 방법을 고찰하고 측정된 데이터를 이용하여 음질 성능을 평가할 수 있는 객관적인 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.56-61
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• 2010

In this paper, a subjective assessment for sound quality evaluation of earphones is introduced. Although instantaneous switching among assessed stimuli is very important in the subjective assessment from the simultaneous comparison's point of view, it is physically impossible in the subjective assessment of earphone. Thus, this paper proposes an indirect assessment method using recorded stimuli and accompanied pre-processing and the assessment results are presented.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 2020

In this paper, we conducted a study on ways to not only check disaster information on smart-phone in the event of a disaster, but also simultaneously check it on wearable devices using short-range wireless communication. Wearable devices commonly used include such devices as wireless earphones, smart bands and smart-watches. Among these devices are smart-watches that allow users to view disaster information in the event of a disaster. However, because current disaster message can only check on smart-phones, research was conducted on how to deliver disaster information received from smart-phones to smart-watches. If studies such as this paper continue, we will be able to recognize disasters more efficiently in the event of a disaster and to carry out preparations for them.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a classification algorithm for postures of sitting person by using IMU(inertial measurement unit). This algorithm uses PCA(principle component analysis) for decreasing the number of feature vectors to three and SVM(support vector machine) with RBF(radial basis function) kernel for classifying posture types. In order to collect the data, we designed neckband-shaped earphones with IMU, and applied it to three subjects who are healthy adults. Subjects were experimented three sitting postures, which are neutral posture, smartphoning, and writing. As the result, our PCA-SVM algorithm showed 95% confidence while the dimension of the feature vectors was reduced to 25%.