• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2015

This study investigated longitudinally early vocalization and phonological developments of typically developing children. Ten typically developing children participated in the study from 9 months to 18 months of age. Spontaneous utterance samples were collected at 9, 12, 15, 18 months of age and phonetically transcribed and analyzed. Utterance samples were classified into 5 levels using Stark Assessment of Early Vocal Development-Revised(SAEVD-R). The data analysis focused on 4 and 5 levels of vocalizations classified by SAEVD-R and word productions. The percentage of each vocalization level, vocalization length, syllable structures, and consonant inventory were obtained. The results showed that the percentages of level 4 and 5 vocalizations and word significantly increased with age and the production of syllable structures containing consonants significantly increased around 12 and 15 months of age. On average, the children produced 4 types of syllable structure and 5.4 consonants at 9 months and they produced 5 types of syllable structure and 9.8 consonants at 18 months. The phonological development patterns in this study were consistent with those analyzed from children's meaningful utterances in previous studies. The results support the perspective on the continuity between babbling and early speech. This study has clinical implications in early identification and speech-language intervention for young children with speech delays or at risk.

• 암석학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2008

옥천변성대 암석의 생성시기는 화석의 발견과 동위원소 연대측정으로 대부분 고생대 및 신원생대인 것으로 밝혀지고 있다. 한편 동위원소 연대자료가 축적됨과 더불어 옥천변성대의 변성시기가 페름기 초기인가 혹은 페름기 말기-트라이아스기 초기인가 하는 문제가 대두되었다. 이 문제는 달리 표현하면 위의 두 시기에 해당하는 2번의 중요한 변성작용이 있었는가 혹은 후자 시기에 해당하는 한번의 변성작용인가 하는 것이다. 변성시기를 직접 지시할 수 있는 자료를 비교할 때 페름기 초기의 변성시기에 대한 자료(석류석 내 U-Pb 갈렴석 연대)는 전체적으로 오차가 클 뿐만 아니라 페름기 말기-트라이아스기 초기를 지시하는 자료(CHIME 갈렴석 연대 및 변성 저콘의 U-Pb 연대)와 어느 정도 중첩된다. 따라서 독립적인 두 종류의 자료에 의해 지지되는 후자가 보다 신빙성이 있는 것으로 생각되며, 이 시기는 임진강대와 경기육괴에서 대륙충돌과 관련되어 나타나는 중요한 변성시기와 유사하기 때문께 대륙충돌의 영향이 한반도 넓은 지역에 퍼져 있음을 시사한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.800-805
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• 2003

The early embryos are obtained in different time after the former egg had been laid, and the aim of the present study was to observe the development law of chicken early embryo.The embryo development has been divided into the two periods according to morphology of blastodisc. Cleavage period, from 5.5 h (0 h uterine age) to 15.5 h (10-10.5 h uterine age) after the former egg had laid, formation blastodisc of 6-7 layers cell. Later blastocyst period, from 17.5 h (12-12.5 h uterine age) to area pellucida formation after the former egg had been laid. The first division took place at 5 h (0 h uterine age), morular at 11.5 h (6-6.5 h uterine age), and blastocyst at 15.5 h (10-10.5 h uterine age) after the former egg had been laid.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether emotionality at age three predicts early school-age media overdependence and to examine the potential mediating role of internalizing behavior problems in children. Methods: This study employed data from the 4th and 10th waves of the Panel Study of Korea Children, comprising a sample of 1,270 children. Assessments of emotionality (4th wave), media overdependence (10th wave), and internalizing behavior problems (10th wave) were conducted. Data analysis utilized SPSS and the Process Macro. Results: At age 3, heightened emotionality was found to directly contribute to an increased tendency for media overdependence in early school age. Internalizing behavior problems played a significant mediating role in the relationship between emotionality and media overdependence. Conclusion/Implications: This study validated a significant longitudinal connection between emotionality and the inclination to excessively rely on media, highlighting the role of internalization behavior problems in this relationship. It is essential to provide focused attention, especially to children displaying heightened emotionality in early childhood, in order to proactively prevent internalization behavior problems and the undue dependence on media.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.297-308
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• 2009

The study abroad phenomenon at an early age in Korea is increasing steadily. Increasing social demand for global leaders, disappointment in Korean educational system and economic growth are motivating more students to study abroad. The study abroad is a social phenomenon that is widespread across all social status in Korea. This study tries to examine the phenomenon in respect to social, psychological, educational and economical perspectives and seek future research questions. The findings suggest ways to improve Korean educational system, support students currently or planning to study abroad and to re-adjust in Korea after they come back. A balanced perspective is necessary in viewing study abroad phenomenon, rather than preventing, implementing stronger pulling factors in Korean educational system. It is necessary to hold the study abroad as another educational opportunity.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 1993

최근 미국 휴스턴에서 실시된 대규모 시험포장에서 포설계절이 콘크리트포장의 시공초기의 균열발생 패턴에 큰 영향을 준다는 사실이 발견되었는데, 그 내용은 더운계절 시공은 선선한 계절의 시공보다 훨씬 많은 초기균열을 유발시키며, 더운계절시공의 경우 아침일찍 포설한 부분이 오후에 포설한 부분보다 훨씬 많은 초기균열을 유발시킨다는 것이다. 여기서 초기 균열이라 함은 포설후 며칠 이내에 발생하는 균열을 말하며, 대체로 균열틈이 과도하게 벌어지고 균열모양도 구불구불하여 결과적으로 콘크리트 포장 수명단축의 원인이 되는 균열들을 말한다. 본 연구의 목적은 콘크리트 포장의 시공에 있어서 어느 계절에 포설했는지 또는 하루중 몇시쯤에 포설했는지 하는등 포설시기가 콘크리트포장의 초기 균열 발생에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 그 원인을 규명하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 포설 시기의 영향을 시멘트의 수화작용(hydration)과 외부온도 조건간의 상호 작용을 규명함으로써 설명하였다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.147-166
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of parenthood of mothers of early school-age children, with emphasis on cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of parenthood. Methods: Nineteen mothers whose children were 1st and 2nd grade elementary school children participated in this study. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews. During the interview, mothers were asked to speak freely about their experiences as parents of early-school age children, including parenting beliefs, parenting behaviors, and emotional experiences related to parenting. These interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed in a thematic way using MAXQDA. Results: Using qualitative methods, five major themes were emerged: (1) Recognizing the role of parents as a supporter of growth; (2) recognizing parenthood of the present generation that imposes expanded roles to mothers; (3) co-parenting of early school-age children and marital relationship; (4) co-existence of different parenting styles based on specific mother-child interaction situations; (5) experiencing a wide spectrum of emotions including anxiety, guilt, and depression, as well as happiness. Conclusion: This study revealed the unique cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of parenthood experienced by mothers with early school-age children. Results of this study can fill a gap in our understanding of parenthood of mothers when their children entered into the new developmental stage of middle childhood. The results could also be used as a basis for developing parent education and family relationship programs.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 CaO-$SiO_2-Al_2O_3$가 다량 함유된 산업폐기물과 산업부산물을 소성하여 개발한 분말형 속경성 분말을 초기강도의 향상을 위해 기능성 분쇄조제로 처리하여 분쇄한 속경성 미분말을 제조하였다. 이렇게 제조된 미분말을 BFS 분말과 일정비율로 혼합한 후, 시멘트에 첨가하여 모르타르 압축강도 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 BFS 조기강도 향상 실험 (Series I)에서는 클링커 분쇄시 기능성 분쇄조제가 첨가되어 분쇄된 속경재가 혼합된 BFS의 초기강도 발현이 우수하며 OPC 조기강도 향상 실험 (Series II)에서는 Clinker-C에 본 실험의 기능성 분쇄조제가 첨가되어 분쇄된 속경성의 분말형 자극제가 첨가된 경우에 가장 압축강도가 높은 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.519-532
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis of dietary habits, snacks, eating out and fast-food intake between students with a relatively early sexual maturity and others with a relatively late sexual maturity in a bid to grasp the impact of dietary behaviors on sexual maturity. The subjects in this study were 565 boys and girls who resided in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. They included fifth- and sixth-grade school children and seventh-grade middle school students. To classify the selected students according to the level of sexual maturity, the students of the same month age were divided into two groups in consideration of the stage of their sexual maturity and that of the other age groups. The early mature group was significantly taller and weighed more than the late mature group irrespective of gender. According to Tanner stages, the boys of the early mature group reached a 3.03 stage of sexual maturity when the sexual organs were taken into account, and those of the late mature group reached a 1.50 stage of sexual maturity. The girls of the early mature group reached a 3.43 stage of sexual maturity on the basis of breast, and those of the late mature group reached a 2.73 stage of sexual maturity. Concerning eating out, the early mature group ate out more frequently than the late mature group. In regard to snacks, the early mature group had a snack more often. The findings of the study indicated that there were differences in physical development and some dietary behaviors according to sexual maturity. The early mature group had a snack and ate out relatively more often than the late mature group, which showed that some dietary behaviors had an impact on the sexual maturity of the teens who arrived at the age of puberty.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1238-1241
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• 2000

The deformations of concrete specimens were measured at early at early ages, in order to verify the applicability of FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating) sensors. The FBG sensors were directly buried at various locations in the beam-type RC specimens at the time of fabrication. In this experiment, the changes of strains in concrete at early age were successfully measured as the movement in wavelength of light signals. The FBG sensors may be a very effective tool to investigate the mechanical/thermal behavior inside of concrete structures.